• MALSORI
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• no.39
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• pp.25-42
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• 2000

In this paper, I have shown how to associate a musical beat with a note within the framework of Optimality Theory. And the following hierarchy of constraints is suggested to associate a sub-beat with a note. Alternation Sub-beat CCC Head $\gg$ Beat-to-Note $\gg$ Note-to-Beat EQ-Beats Smaller Note Furthermore, I have tried to explain Sprung Rhythm with a musical beat system. I have suggested the following hierarchy for Sprung Rhythm. Head $\gg$ SCSR Using a sub-beat on the basis of Head $\gg$ SCSR shows the abrupt change of Sprung Rhythm well.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1992.07a
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• pp.427-430
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• 1992

In this paper, we proposed an algorithm for the musical note recognition. Firstly, a given bit-mapped music score image is converted to a set of individual note pattern images via vertical projection. Then, the pitch of a note is determinal by comparison in the note-head position with the reference five-lines. Also, the length of a note is found via leader clustering with a set of normalized note patterns. Finally, a datafile to play the music is obtained using the pitch and length of musical notes. Experimental results with a simple musical score image show that the proposed scheme is performed well.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.1 s.203
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• pp.105-113
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to suggest a standard sizing system for college female students' head wears according to their head types. The subjects were 193 college women, of 20 to 25 years-old. The subjects were directly measured anthropometrically and indirectly analyzed photographically. In previous tudy (Lim, 2004), 3 clusters as their head types were categorized. the sizing system, which had frequencies more than $4\%$ was classified 6 cases, 7 cases and 9 cases, respectively, by head 3 types. 3 types of size system, which were 56-28-38, 56-30-38 and 57-28-38(Eds note: which of the measurements are head girth, surface length 1 and surface length 2), which were included in 3 clusters. Although head girths were as the same, head surface length was different in size. On the contrary, head surface length was same, head girth was different. The result will contribute to fitness of head wear fitness of consumer, and the amount of production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.219-228
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• 2007

Objective : The purpose of this study was conducted to find treatment of forward head posture and shoulder instability with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation concept. Methods : This is literature study with books, seminar note and international course. Results : Forward head posture and shoulder instability has related each other. Forward head posture will make muscle instability, weakness and stiffness on neck and shoulder girdle. It will make pain also. Important muscle are suboccipital muscle, omohyoid muscle, sternoclaidomastoid muscle, scaleni, pectoralis minor, levator scapular and digastric. Conclusion : Treatment of the forward head posture and shoulder instability is provided. It is that treatment of stiff muscle with eccentric muscle work, muscle elongation, muscle strengthening at the structure level and at the functional level for daily activities.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was conducted to find treatment of forward head posture and shoulder instability with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation concept. Methods : This is literature study with books, seminar note and international course. Results : Forward head posture and shoulder instability has related each other. Forward head posture will make muscle instability, weakness and stiffness on neck and shoulder girdle. It will make pain also. Important muscle are suboccipital muscles, omohyoid muscle, sternoclaidomastoid muscle, scaleni, pectoralis minor, levator scapular and digastric. Conclusion : Treatment of the forward head posture and shoulder instability is provided. It is that treatment of stiff muscle with eccentric muscle work, muscle elongation, muscle strengthening at the structure level and at the functional level for daily activities.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study was conducted to find correct head and neck patterns, manual contact. verbal commands with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF). Method : This is a literature study with books, seminar note and book for PNF international course. Result : Keep the information of the biomechanics and neural science in head and neck patterns and emphasize that manual contact, verbal commands and visual stimulus. Manual contacting for movement guide and stability of the $C_0/C_1$ verbal command and visual stimulus for correcting of the $C_0/C_1$ movements. Conclusion : In reminder for PNF learning, begin with head and neck and upper trunk patterns. In that time, Knott and Voss(1968) had not enough information about biomechanic movement components and neural science movement components. But Knott and Voss(1968) emphasized that head and neck patterns relate with trunk, upper extremities and lower extremities directly. Alar ligaments are relaxed with the head in neutral and taut in flexion. Axial rotation of the head and neck tightens both alar ligaments. The right upper and left lower portions of the alar ligament limit left lateral flexion of the head and neck. Therefore, head and neck patterns has to be modify. When head moving, eye and vestibular stimulus will be change. During head and neck patterns, must be consider about stimulus of eye system and vestibular system also.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 1971

The coefficients of equations of heave, pitch and coupled motion are evaluated for the small typical fishing boat(KIST-MARK Fishing Boat) with transom stern in regular head sea. And the results of computations based on eight models of strip theory are compared one another for the forward speed Froude number 0.30. There are some distinctive differences among those theories for the hydrodynamic and coupling coefficients. The former seems to be caused by the effects of the transom stern and the latter of the foward speed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.217-220
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• 2012

This prospective study records the tobacco related habits among the relatives of patients with advanced head and neck cancers who underwent both surgery and chemotherapy as part of their treatment from September 2009 to March 2010. A total of 200 relatives were interviewed (148 males and 52 females). 198 (99%) were aware of the fact that tobacco use can lead to cancer and 168 (84%) had any one of the habits. Smoking alone was reported in 36 (18%) individuals, pan chewing alone in 66 (33%) and multiple habits in 64 (32%). Alcohol and tobacco chewing alone was reported in one case each. There were change in habits following diagnosis of head and neck cancers among the relatives, 33 (16.5%) stopped their habits and smoking was reduced by 25% in 72 (36%)and by 50% in 63 (31.2%) individuals. However, 135 continued the habit even after the diagnosis of cancer in their relatives. Of note, 15 out of the 33 who quit the habit did it because of health advice given to them during the hospital visit.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.85-93
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• 2008

For music score recognition, several approaches have been proposed including shape matching, statistical methods, neural network based methods and structural methods. In this paper, we deal with recognition for low resolution images which are captured by the digital camera of a mobile phone. Considerable distortions are included in these low resolution images, so when existing technology is used, many problems appear. First, captured images are not stable in the sense that they contain lots of distortions or non-uniform illumination changes. Therefore, notes or symbols in the music score are damaged and recognition process gets difficult. This paper presents recognition technology to overcome these problems. First, musical note to head, stick, tail part are separated. Then template matching on head part of musical note, and remainder part is applied. Experimental results show nearly 100% recognition rate for music scores with single musical notes.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.11-17
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• 2014

The influence of acquisition environment on music score images captured by a camera has not yet been seriously examined. All existing Optical Music Recognition (OMR) systems attempt to recognize music score images captured by a scanner under ideal conditions. Therefore, when such systems process images under the influence of distortion, different viewpoints or suboptimal illumination effects, the performance, in terms of recognition accuracy and processing time, is unacceptable for deployment in practice. In this paper, a novel, lightweight but effective approach for dealing with the issues caused by camera based music scores is proposed. Based on the staff line information, musical rules, run length code, and projection, all regions of interest are determined. Templates created from inverse filter are then used to recognize the music symbols. Therefore, all fragmentation and deformation problems, as well as missed recognition, can be overcome using the developed method. The system was evaluated on a dataset consisting of real images captured by a smartphone. The achieved recognition rate and processing time were relatively competitive with state of the art works. In addition, the system was designed to be lightweight compared with the other approaches, which mostly adopted machine learning algorithms, to allow further deployment on portable devices with limited computing resources.