• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.385-390
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• 2018

A retrospective study was performed to report the case occurrence of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in three hospitals of north-eastern region in Punjab Province, Pakistan. We reviewed retrospectively the clinical records of patients in 4 hospitals which were diagnosed with CE during 2012-2017. A total of 198 cases, 82 (41.4%) male and 116 (58.6%) females were detected as CE. The most Highest incidence was revealed in${\ldots}$. 21-30 years-old group (24.2%) followed by 41-50 (22.7%), 31-40 (16.2%), 11-20 (13.6%), 51-60 (8.1%), below 10 (5.5%), over 71 (5.1%) and 61-70 year-old group (4.5%). CE was detected in various organs of infected individuals. However, most of CE cases were detected in the liver (47.4%) and lung (18.6%). The present study indicated that CE is more or less prevalent in surveyed areas and one of the most important public health problems in Punjab Province, Pakistan.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1163-1168
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• 2016

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the bile duct cancer which constitutes one of the important public health problems in Thailand with high mortality rate, especially in the Opisthorchis viverrini (a parasite risk factor for CCA) endemic area of the northeastern region of the country. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers from the plasma peptidome by CCA patients. Peptides were isolated using 10 kDa cut-off filter column and the flow-through was then used as a peptidome for LC-MS/MS analysis. A total of 209 peptides were obtained. Among these, 15 peptides were concerned with signaling pathways and 12 related to metabolic, regulatory, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolite pathways. Five exclusive peptides were identified as potential biomarkers, i.e. ETS domain-containing transcription factor ERF (P50548), KIAA0220 (Q92617), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform 1 (P42338), LP2209 (Q6XYC0), and casein kinase II subunit alpha (P19784). Three of these biomarkers are signaling related molecules. A combination of these biomarkers for CCA diagnosis is proposed.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.68-78
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• 1991

To investigate edge vegetation structure and species in the Chrisan National Park, filed survey was excuted from August to October, 1991 and the results were as follows. Importance values of species in lower layer were changed according to the distance from edge to forest interior at the northeastern slope of a highland. Change of vegetation structure was observed from edge up to 30m of forest interior and edge depth was estimated as 15~20m. The dominance and frequency of edge species seemed to be affected by the factors of altitude, aspect and topographic location. Especially, edge vegetation showed severe difference according to topographic location between a ridge and a foot of a mountain, and according to aspect between southern and northern slope above midslope region of a mountain. Comparing vegetation structure of lower layer for southern and northern slope, more no. of individuals and crown coverage were observed at northern slope, while more no. of species, species diversity and coverage of Sasa purpurascen at southern slope.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.369-384
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• 2020

A wavefield sparse reconstruction technique based on compressed sensing is developed in this work to dramatically reduce the number of measurements. Firstly, a severely underdetermined representation of guided wavefield at a snapshot is established in the spatial domain. Secondly, an optimal compressed sensing model of guided wavefield sparse reconstruction is established based on l₁-norm penalty, where a suite of discrete cosine functions is selected as the dictionary to promote the sparsity. The regular, random and jittered undersampling schemes are compared and selected as the undersampling matrix of compressed sensing. Thirdly, a gradient projection method is employed to solve the compressed sensing model of wavefield sparse reconstruction from highly incomplete measurements. Finally, experiments with different excitation frequencies are conducted on an aluminum plate to verify the effectiveness of the proposed sparse reconstruction method, where a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer as the true benchmark is used to measure the original wavefield in a given inspection region. Experiments demonstrate that the missing wavefield data can be accurately reconstructed from less than 12% of the original measurements; The reconstruction accuracy of the jittered undersampling scheme is slightly higher than that of the random undersampling scheme in high probability, but the regular undersampling scheme fails to reconstruct the wavefield image; A quantified mapping relationship between the sparsity ratio and the recovery error over a special interval is established with respect to statistical modeling and analysis.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.298-307
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• 2018

Background: Subalpine ecosystems at high altitudes and latitudes are particularly sensitive to climate change. In South Korea, the prediction of the species richness of subalpine plant species under future climate change is not well studied. Thus, this study aims to assess the potential impact of climate change on species richness of subalpine plant species (14 species) in the 17 mountain national parks (MNPs) of South Korea under climate change scenarios' representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) and Migclim for the years 2050 and 2070. Results: Altogether, 723 species occurrence points of 14 species and six selected variables were used in modeling. The models developed for all species showed excellent performance (AUC > 0.89 and TSS > 0.70). The results predicted a significant loss of species richness in all MNPs. Under RCP 4.5, the range of reduction was predicted to be 15.38-94.02% by 2050 and 21.42-96.64% by 2070. Similarly, under RCP 8.5, it will decline 15.38-97.9% by 2050 and 23.07-100% by 2070. The reduction was relatively high in the MNPs located in the central regions (Songnisan and Gyeryongsan), eastern region (Juwangsan), and southern regions (Mudeungsan, Wolchulsan, Hallasan, and Jirisan) compared to the northern and northeastern regions (Odaesan, Seoraksan, Chiaksan, and Taebaeksan). Conclusions: This result indicates that the MNPs at low altitudes and latitudes have a large effect on the climate change in subalpine plant species. This study suggested that subalpine species are highly threatened due to climate change and that immediate actions are required to conserve subalpine species and to minimize the effect of climate change.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.34
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• pp.138-171
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• 2001

This paper, based on the filed survey conducted from August 14 to 21, 2000, examines the architectural characteristics of traditional dwellings of Sujeonchon(수전촌, 水田村) village. Sujeonchon village is located on the northen slope of Changbaishan Mt., Andohyun(안도현, 安圖縣) of jilin Province(吉林省), a province in the northeastern region of China. The village was established between late 1940's and early 1950's by the Korean-Chinese. Later on, some of the Korean-Chinese residents moved out of the village and presently, the residents are composed of both the Korean-Chinese and the Chinese consisting about fifty-fifty. Since the cultural background and the living custom are different from each other ethnic group, that is, the Korean-Chinese and the Chinese, their dwellings reveal some differences between them. Through the study, the architectural characteristics and distinctions of the Korean-Chinese and Chinese dwellings are found and summarized as follows: 1.The way of building layout is different between them: the Chinese mainly follows the north-south direction of building layout, while the Korean-Chinese considers the surrounding environmental condition. 2.The floor level of kitchen is different between them: that of the Chinese house is same as the outdoor earth level, while that of the Korean-Chinese is lower than the outdoor level. 3.The way of providing the kitchen space is different between them: the kitchen of the Chinese house is consist of one separate room, while that of the Korean-Chinese is open to the living area. 4.The way of heating system is different between them: the Chinese house has kang only at the sleeping area, while the Korean-Chinese install whole under-floor heating of gudeul in the living area. 5.The attitude to the way of building is different between them: the Chinese are easily adapt to the new building materials and construction method, while the Korean-Chinese are showing strong attachment to the traditional way of building. 6.The houses of the Chinese and the Korean-Chinese have their own traditional ornaments and talismans on and in the building.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4517-4520
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• 2012

Introduction: Northeastern Iran is known as a high risk area of upper gastrointestinal cancers. Recent reports have suggested a declining trend for these cancers as well as an increase in the incidence of other malignancies including breast cancer. Our present aim was to describe the epidemiological pattern of breast cancer in this region during 2004-2009. Methods: All new cancer cases from public and private diagnostic and therapeutic centers of Golestan province were registered. A structured questionnaire was prepared and used based on the standerds of the International Association of Cancer Registries. The international classification of diseases for oncology was considered for coding. Age standardized incidence rates (ASR) of breast cancer were calculated. Results: A total of 11,038 new cancer cases were registered during 2004-2009, of which, 1,101 (10%) were females with breast cancer. The median age of the breast cancer patients was 46 years. The ASR for breast cancer was 28 per 100,000 person-years. We found an unusual rapid increase in breast cancer rate at the age of 25 years. The ASR of breast cancer was significantly lower in females from Turkmen ethnicity and those from rural areas(P value <0.01). Conclusion: Our study showed high rate of breast cancer in Golestan province of Iran. We found an unusual peak of breast cancer in young women. So, the age of starting screening programs may need to be revised in this area. The rate of breast cancer was significantly lower in women from Turkmen ethnicity. Further studies are warranted to clarify the role of important determinants, especially regarding the ethnic disparity, on breast cancer in this region.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.639-645
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• 2016

Yeongjong-do is seventh largest island in the west coast of Korea which is 4.8 km away in the direction of south-west from Incheon. The mudflat area around the Yeongjong-do has variable dimension according to tide level. In addition, Yeongjong-do is important area with high environmental value as wintering sites for migratory birds. The mudflat of Yeongjong-do is also meaningful region because it is used as place of education and tourist attraction. But, there are increasing concerns about preservation of mudflat area caused by artificial development such as land reclamation project and Incheon airport construction. In this paper, mudflat area was detected using Landsat 7 ETM+ images that United States Geological Survey (USGS) is providing the data in 16 days period. The false color composite was made from band 7, 5, and 3 that could dividing boundary between water and land for the purpose of appearance of boundary line in mudflat region. This area was calculated using results of classification based on false color composite images and was digitized through repetitive algorithm during research of period. Therefore, the change of northeastern area in Yeongjong-do was detected according to tide level during 16 years from 2000 to 2015 on the basis of providing period at tide station. This paper will expect as indicator for range of area in same tide level prior to the start of the research for preservation of mudflat. It will be also scientific grounds about change of mudflat area caused by artificial development.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.165-184
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• 1996

The earthquake(M=4.5 by KMA), which occurred in the northeastern part of Yeongweol($37^{\circ}$ 15.75' N, $128^{\circ}$ 42.13' E) on December 13, 1996, shows shallow focal depth(about 8.0km) and relatively large felt area covering most of the southern peninsula. This is the first medium-size earthquake in inland region of the southern peninsula since 1978. It did not trigger foreshock but 13 aftershocks($M{\;}{\geq}{\;}2.5$) for a month. The intensity based on the felt area estimation of about 400 places shows MIMI III-VII in inland region, II on Cheju Island and I on ulreung Island. The isoseismal of MIMI VII shows an elongated circle in the direction of NE-SW and covers some parts of Jungdong-myon, Yeongweol-kun, Sindong-eup and Nam-myun, Jeongseon-kun. There occurred quite strong shaking, numerous cracks on the walls of buildings, falling and movement of slate and tiles on the roofs, falling of tiles from the wall and falling of materials from desks, rock falling from mountain and collapse of gravel layers on the river side. Mainshock and aftershocks occurred condensely between Yemi and Hwaam areas. The felt area due to the Yeongweol earthquake is Quite larger than those of similar size earthquakes in the Korean Peninsula.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.234-243
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• 2022

In Korea, hail damage occurs every year, and in the case of agriculture, it causes severe field crop and cultivation facility losses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a hail information service system customized for Korea's primary production and crop-growing areas to minimize hail damage. However, the observation of hail is relatively more difficult than that of other meteorological variables, and the available data are also spatially and temporally variable. A hail information service system was developed to understand the temporal and spatial distribution of hail occurrence. As part of this, a hail observation database was established that integrated the observation data from Korea Meteorological Administration with the information from newspaper reports. Furthermore, a hail risk map was produced based on this database. The risk map presented the nationwide distribution and characteristics of hail showers from 1970 to 2018, and the northeastern region of South Korea was found to be relatively dangerous. Overall, hail occurred nationwide, especially in the northeast and some inland areas (Gangwon, Gyeongbuk, and Chungbuk province) and in winter, mainly on the north coast and some inland areas as graupel (small and soft hail). Analyzing the time of day, frequency, and hailstone size of hail shower occurrences by region revealed that the incidence of large hail stones (e.g., 10 cm at Damyang-gun) has increased in recent years and that showers occurred mainly in the afternoon when the updraft was well formed. By integrating multidisciplinary data, the temporal and spatial gap in hail data could be supplemented. The hail risk map produced in this study will be helpful for the selection of suitable crops and growth management strategies under the changing climate conditions.