• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.209-221
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• 2021

Objectives : The aim of this study was to compare and analyze studies related to fire acupuncture (FA) published in South and North Korea. Methods : FA studies published in South Korea were searched through domestic and overseas databases (KISS, RISS, OASIS, and EMBASE). For North Korean studies, databases from the Information Center on North Korea and Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information were used. Among the searched literatures, clinical studies using FA as a treatment intervention were selected (i.e., randomized controlled trials, and case reports). Finally, information such as the disease for which FA was used, the characteristics of FA, and details of treatment methods for FA were extracted from the screened literatures and the results of South and North Korean studies were compared and analyzed. Results : This review included 28 South Korean studies and 9 North Korean studies. All studies in South Korea, except for the three articles that used traditional FA treatment, applied "warm needling"-like acupuncture (WA) in the form of heating the handle of the needle after inserting the needle into the skin, and most studies were conducted on diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Whereas in the North Korean studies, FA was applied to various diseases such as trigeminal neuralgia, skin diseases, and gastrointestinal diseases, and standardized FA tools were used. Conclusions : Studies on traditional FA treatment have rarely been reported in South Korea. The amount of information described in the FA studies in North Korea was limited. In this review, the characteristics of FA treatment tools in South and North Korean studies were mainly analyzed. In the future, FA studies from more diverse perspectives are needed.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in terminologies used in South and North Korea, to describe objects or activities related to clothing and textiles, as a part of a bigger project that aims at developing an educational program in provision of reunification of the Koreas. In this study, a total of 176 North Korean terms that differ from South Korean terms were collected from various sources, including dictionaries that are developed to compare South-North Korean languages as well as texts such as magazines and news articles, about North Korean daily life. The terms were classified into sub-categories: materials for clothing, clothing management, construction and design, garment names, body parts, description of physical appearance or state of hygiene, and apparel industry. Many of the North Korean terms were derived from native expressions, rather than adopting foreign terms or terms in Chinese characters. Some North Korean terms did not have any corresponding words in South Korean terms or vice versa. We expect the terminology list to become a useful educational resource in establishing a clothing and textiles curriculum in preparation of reunification, by allowing the students to familiarize with the differences in the usage of terms.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.119-140
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• 2016

This study objectively analyzes the understanding of changes in North Koreans' home lives and the differences between the home life cultures of South and North Korea. A comparative analysis was conducted of terms related to consumer and family resource management to determine language differences and create a mutual understanding of social convergence unification. First, the analysis revealed that the North Korean language is not developed in certain areas, such as consumer welfare or consumer patterns related to resolving issues or complaints connected to consumptive lifestyles. In financial management, there were terms that referred to the collapsed North Korean economic conditions after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the North Korean famine. Second, terms reflecting North Korea's social, political, and economic structures were discovered, and it was found that South and North Korean languages differed from each other with regard to terms about kinship, sports, and art.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the North Korea cement industry and technology status by comparing and analyzing the cement standards and properties of South and North Korea. In the literature study, data on North Korea's cement industry and standards were collected and analyzed through the Ministry of Unification's North Korea Data Center and other agency. The facilities, classification, and quality standards of South and North Korea cements were compared. In an experimental study, a survey on the quality of cement in North Korea was carried out through physical and chemical analysis experiments by obtaining a small amount of cement from North Korea, and compared with domestic cement. As a result, North Korea cement was of lower quality than South Korean cements. North Korea cement had lower C₃S and higher C₂S than South Korea cement, especially the residue content was much higher. In addition, North Korea cement had about 50% of the compressive strength of cement in South Korea because the clinker was not fired at a sufficient temperature due to the poor performance of the cement facilities in North Korea.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2010

North Korean defectors who settle in South Korea have experienced severe food shortage and transition of food environment which could affect their health status. However, little is known about their anthropometric measurements and dietary intake after settlement in South Korea. The purpose of this study is to compare anthropometric measurements and dietary intake between North Korean young adults who defected to South Korea and those of South Koreans. We hypothesized that North Korean young adults' physiques and dietary intake would be poorer than that of South Koreans. We compared anthropometric measurements and dietary intake from 3-day food records in a cross-sectional study of 103 North Korean young adult defectors, aged 12 to 24 and 309 South Korean subjects. North Korean subjects were significantly shorter (4.9 to 10.8 cm) and lighter (6.0 to 12.5 kg) than the control group. Body mass index were significantly different between North and South Korean groups only in men. North Korean young adult defectors had lower mean daily intakes of energy and most nutrients and food groups compared to the control group, while North Korean subjects had higher nutrient density diet than that of South Koreans. The proportion of subjects who had dietary intakes of nutrients of less than the Estimated Average Requirement was higher in North Korean subjects than in controls except for in the cases of vitamin A and vitamin C. In conclusion, we recommend providing nutrition support programs for North Korean young adult defectors to secure adequate nutrient intake.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.65-69
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• 2004

The need for developing sustainable solutions for managing the animal waste is vital for the future of the animal industry in North Carolina. As part of that process, the North Carolina Attorney General has concluded that the public interest will be served by the development and implementation of environmentally superior swine waste management technologies appropriate to each category of hog farms. To facilitate in the development, testing, and evaluation of potential technologies it is necessary that all aspects of environmental issues (air, water, soil, odor and odorants, and disease-transmitting vectors and airborne pathogens) be addressed as Part of a comprehensive strategy, Program OPEN (Odor, Pathogens, and Emissions of Nitrogen) Is comprehensively addressing these issues.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.11-14
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• 2015

The Great Famine may have had a continued impact on the population structure of North Korea even after the crisis subsided ten years ago. However, there is a significant gap between what has been said about the country and what data indicates. This gap seems inevitable mainly because reliable data are seriously lacking and access is restricted for most scholars outside the country. Yet, it is only reasonable to question why most studies have failed to explain the causality between the Great Famine and accumulated changes in the population of North Korea. In this regard, a recent study conducted by Korean demographers (Jeon et al., 2015) have several implications on the importance of accurate and reliable data when the study involves such rare and scarce information. This paper explores the changing trends of the population structure in North Korea providing a review of recent studies on demographic issues associated with North Korea and offers suggestions on understanding the post-famine effect on the overall changes in the population of North Korea.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.195-213
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• 2013

Since 1990, North Korea's economic situation has drawn the international community's attention and became an important factor to analyze and judge the situation in North Korea, in the Korean Peninsula and even in the whole Northeast Asia. As North Korea's neighbors, Sino-Korean trade and Inter-Korean trade play an important role in North Korea's foreign trade. Based on situation analysis, the great connection and difference between Sino-Korean trade and Inter-Korean trade are given an introduction. Also by exploring reasons for Sino-Korean trade development, we can gather some insights for Inter-Korean trade development.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.208-209
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• 2020

There is no disagreement that the construction sector will play an important role in inter-Korean economic development cooperation. However, very few studies have been made at North Korea's construction technology. North Korea shows a lot of differences from South Korea, from the quality standards of building materials to construction technology. It is clear that these differences will be a stumbling block to the promotion of construction projects in the inter-Korean cooperation stage. Therefore, the start of inter-Korean economic development cooperation should be preceded by work to clearly recognize each other's differences and lay the foundation for integration or compatibility. The purpose of this study is to compare the construction technology of rebar concrete construction. We compared the differences with Korea's construction method based on the construction books recently published in North Korea, and derived the characteristics of North and South Korea for each detailed process of reinforced concrete construction.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.55-77
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to make a research on the administration and practical problems of the arbitral organization called "uth-North Commercial Arbitration Commission". The Arbitration Commission shall be set up under the South-North Agreements officially called "reement on Settlement Procedure of Commercial Dispute" and "reement on Organization and Administration of the South-North Arbitration Commission" between the South and the North of Korea. A variety means of dispute settlement including friendly consultations, conciliation and arbitration called Alternative Dispute Resolution(ADR) will be used frequently and institutionally to settle commercial disputes and conflicts arising from economic transactions between the South and the North of Korea. Under the circumstances, it is becoming a problem of vital importance how to operate the Arbitration Commission for the prompt and effective settlement of the South-North commercial disputes. First of all, the South and the North of Korea should recognize the availability of prompt and effective means of dispute resolution such as arbitration and conciliation to be made by the Arbitration Commission would promote the orderly growth and encouragement of th South-North trade and investment, for which the following measures should be taken as soon as possible : 1. Enactment of the South-North Arbitration Rules. 2. Designation of the arbitral institution by North-Korean side. In this connection, the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board(KCAB) was already designated officially as the arbitral organization of South Korean side as of April 17, 2007. 3. Arbitration shall be held in the place where the respondent has his domicile, in case that both parties fail to agree as to the place of arbitration. 4. Permission of a third country arbitration in case that both parties agree to do so. 5. To become a member country of international arbitration agreements including the New York Convention.