• Atmosphere
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.159-169
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• 2008

The characteristics of the typhoon's extratropical transition (ET) over the western North Pacific area were investigated using the cyclone phase space (CPS) diagram method suggested by Hart (2003). The data used in this study were the global data assimilation prediction system (GDAPS) and NCEP data set. The number of typhoons selected were 75 cases during 2002 to 2007, and the three parameters were analyzed : the motion relative thickness asymmetry of the storm (B), the upper thermal wind shear and the lower thermal wind shear. Comparing the best-track data provided by the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center /Tokyo, the time of the ET based on CPS was 2~6 hours earlier than the best-track data. And it was shown that the 400- km and 30 kt wind radius of storm for the CPS method were better agreement than the previous suggested radius 500- km.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.451-455
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• 2015

More than one million new patients suffer from breast cancer annually in the world. In developed countries, breast cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed among women, and in developing regions, it often ranks second to cervical cancer. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between incidence of breast cancer and reproductive factors in North-West of Iran. This retrospective analytical control-case study was conducted with 235 breast cancer patients and 235 women in the control group. Data collection tools included a set of questions with interviews and patient medical records. Data were analyzed using statistical tests: t-test, Chi-square, Fisher, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Significantly increased risks were associated between breast cancer and older age at first pregnancy, age at menopause and history of contraceptive use. A trend for decreasing risk were observed with increasing parity. Findings of this study showed no association between breast cancer and age at menarche. The study results suggested that physiological and reproductive factors may play important roles in the development breast cancer among Iranian women.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.141-152
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• 1984

Nowadaty, To keep pace with the mass transportation carried out by vessels in the international trade, the Korean government is trying to make a rapid progress to be a higher ranked shipping country to the world through the shipping increase. For the effective management of international trade by vessels and the safe operation of vessels, it is indispensable for ships radio communication to be effective and smooth. Therefore, to enhance the efficiency of ships radio communication is one of the primary factors to be solved for the econimics of shipping management. The reserch area is not only limited to the ships radio communication on the North Pacific Ocean but limited to the ships radio communication which is one of the chiefest methods of communications. From the research for the efficient methods of ships radio communication, the following results are obtained. (1) The operator on ships radio communication should have the knowledge of specific know-how and wide experience in the operation of ships radio communications. (2) The operator should abopt the radio propagation prediction made by the Ministry of Communications to use the best ionosphere reflection in the short wave communications. (3) The increase the radio officer of 1 to 2 in order to contrive the safety at sea and to keep the ships radio communication fare low. (4) The owner should pay their attentions to the education and employment of radio officer. (5) The authorities concerned on the ships radio communication should estabilish the effective and consistent policy for the ships radio officers.

• ALGAE
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.289-301
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• 2016

Floating debris provides substrates for dispersal of organisms by ocean currents, including algae that thrive on plastics. The 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Tohuku, Japan resulted in large amounts of debris carried by the North Pacific Current to North America from 2012 to 2016. In 2015-2016, the plastics in the debris bore a complex biota including pink algal crusts. One sample (JAW4874) was isolated into culture and a three-gene phylogeny (psbA, rbcL, and SSU) indicated it was an unknown member of the red algal class Stylonematophyceae. It is a small pulvinate crust of radiating, branched, uniseriate filaments with cells containing a single centrally suspended nucleus and a single purple to pink, multi-lobed, parietal plastid lacking a pyrenoid. Cells can be released as spores that attach and germinate to form straight filaments by transverse apical cell divisions, and subsequent longitudinal and oblique intercalary divisions produce masses of lateral branches. This alga is named Tsunamia transpacifica gen. nov. et sp. nov. Sequencing of additional samples of red algal crusts on plastics revealed another undescribed Stylonematophycean species, suggesting that these algae may be frequent on drift oceanic plastics.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.7039-7043
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• 2013

A liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrrini (OV), is the major cause of the high incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in North-eastern Thailand. The prevalence of OV infection remains high in various parts of the country, especially in wetland rural areas where a large proportion of the community work in agriculture and continue the traditional practice of eating raw or uncooked cyprinoid fish products. The national control program seems to have had little impact in many of these areas, and it has been difficult to make precise assessments of the overall effectiveness of the program. Therefore there is a need for a community-based approach to prevent infection with the parasite, ideally involving as many players as possible. Here we document an attempt to assess the best means to prevention on the basis of a community intervention in three villages in north-east Thailand, with participation of representatives of Health Promotion Hospitals of the Ministry of Public Health with dedicated staff, but also school teachers, independent government sponsored village health volunteers, and housewives responsible for cooking and diet selection. An action plan was followed, allowing detailed discussions of practical proposals, their introduction and then repeated reflection and further proposals at the individual village level.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.345-356
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• 2017

It is important to understand the variability of tropospheric ozone since it is both a major pollutant affecting human health and a greenhouse gas influencing global climate. We analyze the characteristics of East Asia tropospheric ozone simulated in a chemistry-climate model. We use a global chemical transport model, driven by the prescribed meteorological fields from an air-sea coupled climate model simulation. Compared with observed data, the ozone simulation shows differences in distribution and concentration levels; in the vicinity of the Korean Peninsula, a large error occurred in summer. Our analysis reveals that this bias is mainly due to the difference in atmospheric circulation, as the anomalous southerly winds lead to the decrease in tropospheric ozone in this region. In addition, observational data have shown that the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) reduces tropospheric ozone across the southern China/Korean Peninsula/Japan region. In the model, the ozone changes associated with WNPSH are shifted westward relative to the observations. Our findings suggest that the variations in WNPSH should be considered in predicting tropospheric ozone concentrations.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup3
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• pp.305-309
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• 2016

PTEN protein is an important tumour suppressor factor detectable by immunohistochemistry. The goal of the present study was to investigate the prognostic role of PTEN gene expression focusing on length of survival in breast cancer patients. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 100 breast cancer cases referred to Sabzevar hospitals in the north east of Iran between 2010 and 2011, followed up to 2015. The PTEN gene expression of tumour tissue samples was determined using specific monoclonal antibodies. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Patient length of survival was analyzed after 4 years of follow-up using the Cox regression model. The PTEN gene was expressed in 70 of 100 samples, while being found at a high level in all noncancerous samples. There was an inverse significant relationship between expression of PTEN and tumour stage and grade (p<0.001). In addition, expression of PTEN in invasive ductal tumours was less than in non-invasive tumours. There was also an inverse significant relationship between the likelihood of death and PTEN gene expression (p<0.01). These findings indicate that lack of PTEN gene expression can be sign for a worse prognosis and poor survival in breast cancer.

• Atmosphere
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.533-540
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• 2014

Statistical forecast models for the prediction of the summertime Changma precipitation have been developed in this study. As effective predictors for the Changma precipitation, the springtime sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the North Atlantic (NA1), the North Pacific (NPC) and the tropical Pacific Ocean (CNINO) has been suggested in Lee and Seo (2013). To further improve the performance of the statistical prediction scheme, we select other potential predictors and construct 2 additional statistical models. The selected predictors are the Northern Indian Ocean (NIO) and the Bering Sea (BS) SST anomalies, and the spring Eurasian snow cover anomaly (EUSC). Then, using the total three statistical prediction models, a simple ensemble-mean prediction is performed. The resulting correlation skill score reaches as high as ~0.90 for the last 21 years, which is ~16% increase in the skill compared to the prediction model by Lee and Seo (2013). The EUSC and BS predictors are related to a strengthening of the Okhotsk high, leading to an enhancement of the Changma front. The NIO predictor induces the cyclonic anomalies to the southwest of the Korean peninsula and southeasterly flows toward the peninsula, giving rise to an increase in the Changma precipitation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5085-5088
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• 2013

Background: The north-western region of China has a high incidence of oesophageal cancer. This study aimed to investigate whether the intake of food and beverage at high temperature is associated with the risk of oesophageal cancer among adults residing in this remote part of China. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was undertaken in Urumqi and Shihezi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China, between 2008 and 2009. Participants were 359 incident oesophageal cancer patients and 380 hospital-based controls. Information on temperature of food and beverage intake was obtained by face-to-face interview. Logistic regression analyses were performed to ascertain the association between intake temperature and the risk of oesophageal cancer. Results: The oesophageal cancer patients consumed foods and beverages at higher temperatures than controls, p<0.001. High temperature of tea, water and food intake appeared to increase the risk of oesophageal cancer by more than two-fold, with adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of 2.86 (1.73-4.72), 2.82 (1.78-4.47) and 2.26 (1.49-3.45), respectively. Conclusions: Intake of food and beverage at high temperature was positively associated with the incidence of oesophageal cancer in north-western China.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1996

A paleomagnetic study was carried out on three gravity cores recovered from the KODOS-90 area in the North Pacific to obtain a magnetostratigraphic information and to correlate the magnetic records between cores. The sediments bear a stable remanent magnetization and the polarity sequence of the three cores can be correlated with the gomagnetic polarity time scale for the Plio-Pleistocene. The abrupt change in the magnetic susceptibility profile at 285 cm depth of the gravity core 26 indicates the presence of a major hiatus. The average sedimentation rates of the gravity cores 08 and 26 are about 2.7 and 1.4 times higher than that of the gravity core 20 (0.09 cm/100yr), respectively.