• Wind and Structures
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.229-243
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• 2023

This study analyzes the response of a tall building with an H-shaped cross-section when subjected to wind loading generated by the same H-shape. As normative standards usually adopt regular geometries for determining the wind loading, this paper shows unpublished results which compares results of the dynamic response of H-shaped buildings with the response of simplified section buildings. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is employed to determine the steady wind load on the H-shaped building. The CFD models are validated by comparison with wind tunnel test data for the k-ε and k-ω models of turbulence. Transient wind loading is determined using the Synthetic Wind Method. A new methodology is presented that combines Stochastic and CFD methods. In addition, time-history dynamic structural analysis is performed using the HHT method for a period of 60 seconds on finite element models. First, the along-wind response is studied for wind speed variations. The wind speeds of 28, 36, 42, and 50 m/s at 0° case are considered. Subsequently, the dynamic response of the building is studied for wind loads at 0°, 45°, and 90° with a wind speed of 42 m/s, which approximates the point of resonance between gusts of wind and the structure. The response values associated with the first two directions for the H-shaped building are smaller than those for the R-shaped (Equivalent Rectangular Shape) one. However, the displacements of the H-shaped building associated with the latter wind load are larger.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.23-40
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• 2023

Despite the growing interest and normative discussions on AI ethics, there is a lack of discussion on policy instruments that are necessary for companies to develop AI-based services in compliance with ethical principles. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore policy instruments that can encourage companies to voluntarily comply with and adopt AI ethical standards and self-checklists. The study reviews previous research and similar cases on AI ethics, conducts interviews with AI-related companies, and analyzes the data using AHP to derive action plans. In terms of desirability and feasibility, Research findings show that policy instruments that induce companies to ethically develop AI-based services should be prioritized, while regulatory instruments require a cautious approach. It was also found that a consulting support policy consisting of experts in various fields who can support the use of AI ethics, and support for the development of solutions that adhere to AI ethical standards are necessary as incentive policies. Additionally, the participation and agreement of various stakeholders in the process of establishing AI ethical standards are crucial, and policy instruments need to be continuously supplemented through implementation and feedback. This study is significant as it presents the necessary policy instruments for companies to develop ethical AI-based services through an analytical methodology, moving beyond discursive discussions on AI ethical principles. Further analysis on the effectiveness of policy instruments linked to AI ethical principles is necessary for establishing ethical AI-based service development.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.387-393
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• 2022

Background: Problem drinking is a perennial concern in the US fire service. A large literature has documented the importance of addressing alcohol norms in intervention research. The purpose of this study was to explore alcohol norms in a national cohort of firefighters (FFs) to inform intervention development in this occupational group. Methods: Data were from a national online survey of career and volunteer FFs (N = 674). Participants were recruited through national fire service listservs and a database of FFs who had agreed to be contacted for research. Results: When asked about "acceptable" levels of alcohol consumption, FFs on average suggested levels which exceeded public health guidelines. Further, approximately half of career and volunteer FFs believed that, at least under some circumstances, drinking until intoxicated was normative. When asked how long should elapse between a FFs last drink and reporting for duty, the average suggested lag was 11.2 hours (sd = 4.6). However, among male volunteer FFs who reported heavy drinking, the average was 6.68 hours (sd = 4.77). Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of heavy and binge drinking in the fire service, it is not surprising that the alcohol norms found in this study were consistent with a culture of drinking. Participants' reports of alcohol use among their peers were consistent with the actual prevalence of problem drinking. Thus, education and prevention efforts in this occupation should focus on changing norms about alcohol use, including linking heavy drinking to other health and safety issues they face.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.10.1-10.12
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• 2022

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) cannot be diagnosed by a single test because it is a multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface. Although studies on various dry eye tests (DETs) in dogs have been reported, standard criteria have not been established except for the Schirmer tear test 1 (STT-1). Objectives: To establish reference values for DETs in dogs with normal STT-1 values (≥ 15 mm/min) and to analyze the correlation between DETs. Methods: The STT-1 was performed in 10 healthy Beagle dogs (20 eyes). After 20 min, interferometry (IF) for estimating the lipid layer thickness (LLT) of the tear film, tear meniscus height (TMH), non-invasive tear breakup time (NIBUT), and meibomian gland loss rate of the upper eyelid (MGLRU) and lower eyelid (MGLRL), were measured using an ocular surface analyzer. Results: Mean values for STT-1, TMH, and NIBUT were as follows: 21.7 ± 3.4 mm/min, 0.41 ± 0.21 mm, and 19.1 ± 9.5 sec, respectively. The most frequent LLT range, measured by IF, was 30-80 nm (11 eyes), followed by 80 nm (5 eyes) and 80-140 nm (4 eyes). MGLRU ≤ 25% was measured in 11 eyes and 26%-50% in 9 eyes; MGLRL ≤ 25% in 8 eyes and 26%-50% in 12 eyes. Besides positive correlation between TMH and NIBUT (P = 0.038), there were no significant associations between DETs. Conclusions: Data obtained in this study provided normative references that could be useful for diagnosing DED and for further research into correlation between DETs in dogs with DED.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.62-73
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• 1985

The problems of growth & development due to maladjustment are gradually increasing while need for the treatment of children's diseases is decreasing. The level of developmental deficiency or delay correlates with neonatal birth weight and also with gestational age, i.e. degrees of prematurity. There-fore, developmental defects and potential risk factors' are more Common in premature infants than in full term infants. The purpose of this study is to define the difference in the growth at developmental status between premature and full term infants, and to define the relation between the developmental status and the physical growth during the first 3 years' Data were collected from January 10, 1985 to April 6, 1985 at 3 hospitals including St. Mary's Hospital, and through home visiting. The subjects of this study consisted of 79 Premature infants (G.A. <37wks. & B.W. <2.5kg) and 94 full term infants (G.A.≥37 wks. & B.W.≥2.5kg). The study method used was a questionnaire, anthropometric assessment and DDST for normative data of growth & development. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and t-test. The results of the study were as follows: Hypothesis: 1 : That the prematures will differ from the full term infants in the physical growth status during the first 3 years was partially supported (p＜0.02) : The prematures reached up the full term infants in the physical growth status in the first 6 months. And, the first hypothesis was supported (P<0.01) : There are more cases which is below‘the Korean children's physical. growth standards’in prematures than in full term infants. Hypothesis 2 : That the prematures will differ from the full term infants in the developmental status during the first 3 years was supported (P< 0.001)；‘Normal’developmental status due to DDST was less in prematures than in full term infants. And, the second hypothesis was Partially supported (P<0.02) : The developmental status of the pre-matures was different from that of the full term infants within the first 3 months by analysis of passed items in DDST, Hypothesis 3 : That the prematures' developmental status will relate to their physical growth during the first 3 years was supported (P<0.001) : If the prematures' developmental status is in delayed status, then, their physical growth status is also in delayed status. This study shows that the prematures differed significantly from the full term infants in the growth at developmental status during their infancy. This means that the nurse can foster the growth & development of the prematures by supportive care during their infancy. Further longitudinal study is needed to verify these findings for the environmental factors.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2023

이 논문은 국립국어원에서 배포한 한국인 대화 음성 말뭉치에서 화자의 성대의 진동을 나타내는 fundamental frequency(f0)값을 측정해서 한국인이 일상 대화를 할 때 f0값의 기초적인 통계자료를 살펴보고, 나이와 f0값의 분포는 어떤 관계를 보이는지를 조사했다. 연구자료 수집과 분석은 Praat과 R을 이용했고, 개인별 억양구마다 상자도를 구하고 사분위값을 활용하여 극단값을 제거하는 방법으로 최종 f0값 자료를 구했다. 그 결과 전체 한국인들의 f0값의 평균값은 185 Hz이고 중앙값은 187 Hz로 나왔다. 자료의 분포모양을 나타내는 왜도는 0.11의 정적분포를 보였고, 첨도는 -0.09로 정상분포에 거의 가까운 모양을 보였다. 일상대화의 피치값의 변화범위로는 238 Hz로 나타났다. 남녀 간의 f0값의 차이는 남성의 중앙값 114 Hz의 거의 두 배에 해당하는 199 Hz가 여성의 중앙값으로 나타났고 t검증결과 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 분포모양을 나타내는 왜도는 남성이 1.24이었고, 여성은 그것의 반에 해당하는 0.58이었다. 첨도는 남녀집단 각각 5.21과 3.88로 나타나 남성의 값이 34% 정도 더 뾰족한 모양을 보였다. 연령대별로는 남녀집단을 합하여 볼 때, 나이가 들수록 f0값이 서서히 내려가는 경향을 보였다. 연령대별 f0중앙값과 나이 간의 회귀분석을 실행한 결과 기울기가 남성집단에서는 0.15, 여성집단에서는 -0.586으로 서로 반대되는 경향을 기록했다. 결론적으로, 대규모 참여자가 녹음한 대화 음성에서 한국인의 집단별 연령별 다양한 f0분포를 규명할 수 있지만, 나이와 f0관계는 더 정밀한 자료수집이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.215-225
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• 2016

비영리조직의 도덕적 해이성에 대한 사회적 문제의 표출과 더불어 서비스 책무성에 대한 사회적 관심의 증가에 따라 비영리조직의 사업성과에 대한 관심이 증가되고 있다. 비영리의 대표적인 영역으로 사회복지를 제시할 수 있으며, 사회복지조직은 사람을 매개로하여 제공되는 휴먼서비스의 특징을 지닌다. 따라서 사회복지조직의 사업성과에 인적자원, 즉 사회복지사의 조직몰입과 같은 요소가 미치는 영향은 크다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 사회복지조직은 부적합한 업무환경과 과다한 업무부담 및 노동강도 그리고 낮은 처우 등으로 인하여 매우 높은 이직률을 나타내고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 부산지역 복지조직의 사회복지사를 대상으로 조직몰입이 이직의도와 사업성과에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 한다. 자료분석을 위하여 SPSS WIN 18.0을 이용하였으며, 각 변인별 빈도분석 및 기술통계를 통하여 일반적 특성을 파악하고, 주요 변인의 상관관계와 인과관계를 알아보기 위하여 Pearson 상관관계분석 및 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 사회복지사의 조직몰입은 규범적 몰입 3.36, 지속적 몰입 3.07, 정서적 몰입 2.75순으로 나타났다. 규범적 몰입은 보통보다 조금 높게, 지속적 몰입은 보통, 정서적 몰입은 보통보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 사회복지사의 이직의도는 2.71, 사업성과의 경우 2.79로 나타나, 이직의도와 사업성과는 모두 보통보다 조금 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 사회복지사의 이직은 정서적 몰입, 혼인상태, 업무량, 연령 등이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 사회복지조직의 사업성과에 정서적 몰입, 성별, 연령 등이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 비영리조직의 경영이나 창업에 있어, 인적자원의 요소 특히, 조직몰입 중 정서적 몰입을 체계적으로 관리함으로써, 이직의도를 감소시키고 사업성과를 향상해야 할 것이다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.95-116
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• 2009

Increasingly the institutional theory has been an important theoretical view of decision making process and IT adoption in many academic researches. This study used the institutional theory as a lens through which we can understand the factors that enable the effective appropriation of advanced information technology. It posits that mimetic, coercive, and normative pressures existing in an institutionalized environment could influence the participation of top managers or decision makers and the involvement of users toward an effective use of IT in their tasks. Since the introduction of IT, organizational members have been using IT in their daily tasks, creating and recreating rules and resources according to their own methods and needs. That is to say, the adaptation process of the IT and outcomes are different among organizations. The previous studies on a diverse use of IT refer to the appropriation of technology from the social technology view. Users appropriate IT through not only technology itself, but also in terms of how they use it or how they make the social practice in their use of it. In this study, the concepts of institutional pressure, appropriation, participation of decision makers, and involvement of users toward the appropriation are explored in the context of the appropriation of the mobile electronic medical record system (M-EMRS) in particularly a hospital setting. Based on the conceptual definition of institutional pressure, participation and involvement, operational measures are reconstructed. Furthermore, the concept of appropriation is measured in the aspect of three sub-constructs-consensus on appropriation, faithful appropriation, and attitude of use. Grounded in the relevant theories to appropriation of IT, we developed a research framework in which the effects of institutional pressure, participation and involvement on the appropriation of IT are analyzed. Within this theoretical framework, we formulated several hypotheses. We developed a second order institutional pressure and appropriation construct. After establishing its validity and reliability, we tested the hypotheses with empirical data from 101 users in 3 hospitals which had adopted and used the M-EMRS. We examined the mediating effect of the participation of decision makers and the involvement of users on the appropriation and empirically validated their relationships. The results show that the mimetic, coercive, and normative institutional pressure has an effect on the participation of decision makers and the involvement of users in the appropriation of IT while the participation of decision makers and the involvement of users have an effect on the appropriation of IT. The results also suggest that the institutional pressure and the participation of decision makers influence the involvement of users toward an appropriation of IT. Our results emphasize the mediating effect of the institutional pressure on the appropriation of IT. Namely, the higher degree of the participation of decision makers and the involvement of users, the more effective appropriation users will represent. These results provide strong support for institutional-based variables as predictors of appropriation. These findings also indicate that organizations should focus on the role of participation of decision makers and the involvement of users for the purpose of effective appropriation, and these are the practical implications of our study. The theoretical contribution of this study is lies in the integrated model of the effect of institutional pressure on the appropriation of IT. The results are consistent with the institutional theory and support previous studies on adaptive structuration theory.

• 법제연구
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• 제44호
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• pp.33-62
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• 2013

이 논문에서는 최근 단행된 정부조직 개편의 결과 탄생한 미래창조과학부와 방송통신위원회 등의 소관 법률의 가장 최상위의 ICT관련 법제의 정비와 아울러 기본법으로서의 성격을 갖는 ICT특별법에 담겨야할 헌법적 차원이 기본 문제와 몇 가지 쟁점들에 대해 이론적 실제적 차원에서 논의하였다. 정보통신기술의 발전은 인류의 생활방식을 혁명적으로 변화 시켰으며, 전지구적 차원의 네트워크 사회의 출현은 경제적 사회적 기회와 혜택을 제공 하였지만 동시에 도전과 위협의 이슈가 끊임없이 제기되고 있다. 기술발전에 따른 많은 장점에도 불구하고 디지털 혁명으로 인하여 인류가 누리게 된 인터넷 등 온라인 매체를 통한 사이버공간은 현실적으로 해결해야 할 많은 문제들이 있다. 전송기술의 발전으로 인한 표현의 자유의 통로 확대와 경제적 기획 창출이라는 긍정적인 측면을 보다 발전시켜 나가기 위해서는 정보화로 인한 따른 부작용을 최소화하려는 노력이 절실하게 필요하다. 첫째, ICT특별법은 역사적으로 방송통신융합을 넘어선 미디어의 융합시대에 적헙하도록 규범화되어야 한다. 향후 정보화와 정보통신 기술 및 콘텐츠의 개발과 아울러 미디어 분야에서도 경제적 발전과 아울러 언론의 자유를 수호라는 두 가지의 정책을 모두 달성할 수 있는 근거규정이 마련되어야 한다. 둘째, 규범구조적 측면에서는 정부의 행위들은 모두 경제발전과 정보의 자유라는 목표를 달성하기 위한 것이라는 점을 깊이 명심해야 한다. 따라서 정치적 차원에서 말끔하게 해결되지 못한 조직개편의 문제점을 규범적 관점 해소함으로써 소모적 갈등의 발생가능성을 최소화할 수 있도록 노력해야 한다. 셋째, ICT특별법은 미래부가 소관하는 정보통신분야, 유료 방송분야, 디지털미디어 콘텐츠 분야를 모두 포괄하는 내용의 기본법적 성격을 가지는 규범이어야 한다. 넷째, 기술적인 관점에서는 ICT융합으로 인해 발생하는 망중립성의 문제, 디지털 콘텐츠를 둘러싼 이해관계의 대립 등 다양한 문제점들을 해결할 수 있어야 한다. ICT특별법은 정보화를 통해 일방적으로 효율성이나 산업의 발전만을 추구하는 것이 아니라, 정보화가 국민의 삶의 질을 높이고 우리 사회의 민주화를 촉진할 수 있도록 제도의 설계와 구축하는 것을 목표로 하여야 한다. 향후 이번 ICT특별법의 입안과정에서 논의하고 있는 다양한 관점들을 참고하여 정보통신기술의 강국임과 동시에 정보인권분야에서도 한 발 앞서가는 계기가 마련되어야 한다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2008

이 연구의 목적은 한국어를 사용하는 성인에서 성별에 따른 비음도의 차이가 있는지 알아보고, 후천적 구개부 결손환자의 보철치료를 위한 기초자료로 사용을 위해 정상 비음도를 획득하는 것이다. 음성언어 표본으로 선정된 단순모음, 이중모음, 반복자음, 그리고 비음의 비율이 높은 문장, 비음의 비율이 중간인 문장, 비음의 비율이 낮은 문장에 대해 비음도의 평균과 표준편차를 구하고 남녀간의 차이가 있는지를 t-test와 Mann-Whitney test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 피실험자들은 서울 경기 지역에 거주하는 남자 15명과 여자 15명으로 구성되었고 이들 중 남자 피실험자들의 나이는 24세에서 38세까지 분포하였고 평균나이는 26.3세였다. 여자 피실험자들의 나이는 19세부터 33세까지 분포하였고 평균나이는 24.4세였다. 비음측정기 Nasometer II 가 실험에 사용되었다. 연구의 결과로 /이/ 모음을 포함하는 일부 반복 자음을 제외하고는 모음, 반복자음, 문장을 이용한 음성언어표본에서 남녀 간 비음도의 유의성 있는 차이가 발견되지 않았다. 비음측정기는 음성언어표본이 달라짐에 따라 비음도의 유의한 차이를 나타내었다.