• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.60-74
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• 2024

Due to the relative lack of concerns and research on organizational career development in startups, we study aimed to reveal the impact of shared leadership in startups on organizational career development through organizational commitment. The research method was an online survey targeting 200 startup members from April 11 to April 28, 2023, and a total of 195 copies were used in the final analysis. As a result of the study, first, among the shared leadership of startups, development and mentoring were found to have a positive impact on emotional commitment. Second, among the shared leadership of startups, planning and organizing, support and empathy were found to have a positive impact on continuous commitment. Third, planning and organizing, support and empathy had a positive impact on normative commitment. Third, among startups' shared leadership, planning and organizing, support and empthy had a positive impact on normative commitment. Fourth, emotional and continuous commitment were found to have a positive impact on improving career goals in organizational career growth. Fifth, emotional and continuous and normative commitment were each found to have a positive influence on the development of professional abilities in organizational career development. Lastly, emotional, continuous and normative commitment were all found to have a positive influence on the speed of promotion in organizational career growth. As a result, it is expected that the results of this study will be able to suggest shared leadership policy directions and goals for startups.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.210-228
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• 2024

Objective: Understanding the orofacial characteristics and growth patterns in children is essential for both orthodontics and research on children with orofacial abnormalities. However, a concise resource of normative data on the size and relative position of these structures in different populations is not available. Our objective was to aggregate normative data to assess the growth of the orofacial skeletal structures in children with a well-balanced face and normal occlusion. Methods: The MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched. Inclusion criteria included longitudinal and cross-sectional studies on cephalometric measurement of skeletal tissues and a study population ≤ 18 years with a well-balanced face and normal occlusion. Key study parameters were extracted, and knowledge was synthesized. A quality appraisal was performed using a 10-point scale. Results: The final selection comprised of 12 longitudinal and 33 cross-sectional studies, the quality of which ranged from good to excellent. Our results showed that from childhood to adulthood, the length of the cranial base increased significantly while the cranial base angle remained constant; both the maxilla and mandible moved forward and downward. The profile becomes straighter with age. Conclusions: Growth patterns in children with a well-balanced face and normal occlusion follow accepted theories of growth.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.38-48
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• 2007

Objectives : The K-ARS (Korean ADHD Rating Scale) is one of the most important assessment tool of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Korea. in this study, we presented detailed normative data on the K-ARS for school-aged children in Seoul metropolitan area to put it to practical use. Methods : The subjects were 2,397 students(1,223 boys and 1,174 girls, aged 6-12) from 4 elementary schools in Seoul, and one caretaker of each child completed the K-ARS for parents. Children who showed high scores of the K-ARS for parents were screened, and 2 child psychiatrists interviewed them to make a clinical diagnosis. We compared the mean scores of the K-ARS for parents between ADHD and normal group, and examined the percentage of correct classification. Results : There were some differences in score of the K-ARS for parents according to sex and age, so we presented continuous normative data with T score and subdivided cut-off points for ADHD screening. Interviews with child psychiatrists using DSM-IV criteria were performed to test diagnostic validity, and the difference in every the K-ARS for parents index between ADHD and normal group was significant(p<.001). Using 3 different cut-of points(80th, 90th, 93rd percentage), the accuracies of ADHD correct classification were 67.9, 72.2, 71.1% and all 3 canonical discriminants were significant (p<.05) between ADHD and normal group. Conclusion : The normative data and cut-off points on the K-ARS for parents are useful in screening ADHD children in Seoul metropolitan area.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.137-158
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• 2023

디지털화가 급속도로 진행되는 현대 데이터 사회에서 데이터 활용에 있어 데이터의 개방성과 더불어 신뢰성 및 공정성 확보 또한 강조되고 있다. 본 연구는 다차원적 관점에서 데이터 민주주의 개념을 정의하고 규범적 가치의 요소를 제시함으로써 데이터 민주주의 체계와 현황을 파악하고 평가할 수 있는 지표 개발과 선정에 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하는 것을 목표로 한다. 우선 데이터 민주주의의 논의를 위한 토대로써 Kneuer(2016)의 개념을 토대로 자유롭고 공평한 접근, e-참여, e-정부를 e-민주주의의 주요 요소로 제시하였다. 이러한 e-민주주의의 규범적 원리를 토대로 데이터 거버넌스의 질 향상을 위해 데이터 민주주의 개념의 이해 및 실제 적용을 위한 데이터 민주주의의 규범적 프레임워크 및 구성요소로 포용성과 형평성, 참여, 민주적 주권을 도출하였다. 본 연구에서는 데이터 민주주의 실천을 위한 데이터 리터러시의 중요성을 강조하고, 문헌정보학에서 데이터 민주주의의 규범적 프레임워크에 근거한 새로운 교육과정 개발 및 평가에 관한 연구를 후속 과제로 제시하였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.289-296
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• 1991

This research was intended to provide conceptual framework of clothing conformity by determining motivation types of clothing conformity and nonconformity, and their relation-ships. The responses of 714 fulltime employeed subjects from four different cities were analyzed. Business were was used as the situational stimulus. The literature study suggested three different motivation types of clothing conformity including Normative Conformity, Informational Conformity, and Identificational Conformity, and two different types of clothing nonconformity including Anticonformity and Independence. As the results of the empirical analysis, clothing conformity types were found to be Normative Conformity and Identificational Conformity. Clothing nonconformity types were found to be Anticonformity and Independence. Identificatinal Conformity correlated positively with Anticonformity and negatively with Independence, whereas Normative Conformity correlated negatively with Anticonformity and Independence.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.329-337
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• 1997

Normative models for explaning the career decision-making process are not sufficient to enable the career counselor to help a client understand and influence the factors affecting his career. Actually, the particular people and life events that are unpredictable and subject to chance often influence on career behavior. Therefore, it is needed the development of a models of career decision-making that recognizes both normative and chance influences. The focus in this article is on the development of career decision-making within various lift contexts and the recognition that individuals may prepare themselves to use unexpected opportunities in the career decision-making process.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.423-431
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• 2018

In this paper, we try to verify a normative module based house design procedure consisted of several sequential steps. The first step is to suggest formalization of designing so that we could clarify each phase and operation we are adopting in our design process. The second step is the clearing up the conceptual schema of traditional skills that we adopt and utilize from traditional Hanok framing techniques. The third step is to formulate adequate modular kits for the assembly of house design solutions for the schematic, conceptual and preliminary phases of designing. The fourth step is to implementing our ideas and methods to a proper computational platform such as Unity3D. The final step is to verify our symbolic descriptions of design formalization with the output of our experiments so that we have better understanding of design reasoning characteristics such as in house design.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2001

Dexterity is defined in the present study as interdigital manipulative skill or the fine manipulative movements of objects held between the thumb and fingers. The Grooved pegboard test has been used to evaluate dexterity requring visual-motor coordination. The purpose of this study was to standardize the completion time of the Grooved pegboard test in different age groups and gender. Normative values for the Grooved Pegboard Test was developed on the sample of 282 healthy volunteers (89 men and 183 women). Subjects were stratified according to gender and dominant hand and were subdivided into six groups by blocking. The results of this study were as follows: 1) There was a significant difference in completion time between dominant and nondominant hand in both men and women groups (p<.05). 2) There were significant differences in completion time between men and women group (p<.05) 3) There were significant differences in completion time among age groups (p<.05).

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.75-88
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• 2000

This study is based on the Ecological Design Theories related with the Urban space planning. The purpose of this study is to propose the Urban Space Design Method in consideration of Ecological Environment. To achieve this purpose, Normative Theory Study which means Logical Analysis of Ecological Theories in the new field of Ecological Urban Design, is done in accordance with the object of this study. This results derived of this study are as follows: 1. Six(6)-Ecological Urban Planning Elements related with the purpose of this study, are clarified these are Land-use planning, Transformation planning, Plants and Living-thing Ecological System planning, A Culture planning related with water, Energy and resource planning, and Urban-amenity planning. 2. Urban Space Design Method in consideration of Ecological Environment is porposed by means of the Normative theroy study analysis and contents analysis related with Ecological Urban planning which contain Ecological Planning Elements.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제85권3호
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• pp.360-371
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• 1996

산림휴양자원의 효과적인 관리를 위해서는 휴양지의 현재 관리상태를 평가하고 이를 토대로 지속적으로 관리할 수 있는 객관적이고 수량화된 평가기준의 설정이 필요하다. 규범적 접근방법은 이러한 평가기준을 설정할 수 있는 하나의 대안으로써, 학자들 사이에 이에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있으며 그 유용성 또한 강조되어 왔다. 본 연구는 1993년도에 지리산 국립공원내의 두 야영장(뱀사골 야영장과 제2야영장)을 이용하는 야영객들을 대상으로 실시한 현지설문조사를 토대로 수행되었다. 규범적 접근방법을 이용하여 8개 지표항목에 대한 평가기준을 설정하고 이를 토대로 현재 야영장 관리상태를 평가하였다. 뱀사골 야영장과 제2야영장에서 모두 소음시간과 쓰레기 버리는 행위에 대한 현재 상태가 본 연구에서 설정된 평가기준보다 좋지 않은 것으로 나타났으며, 무례한 행위, 텐트수, 야영객수, 급수시설을 이용하기 위해 기다리는 시간은 뱀사골 야영장에서만 평가기준보다 불량한 것으로 나타났다. 텐트사이의 거리와 화장실을 이용하기 위해 기다라는 시간에 대한 현재 상태는 두 야영장에서 모두 평가기준보다 양호했다. 본 연구는 규범적 접근방법이 평가기준설정을 위해 실질적으로 어떻게 이용될 수 있는가를 소개하고, 분석결과를 토대로 휴양자원 관리개선방안을 제시하였다.