• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 전기설비
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• pp.25-26
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• 2006

An electrical fault is defined as any abnormal condition caused by reduction in the insulation strength between energized conduction parts and ground or any grounded part of an electrical system. Failure of solid insulation can be caused by excessive mechanical tension being applied on the insulation, harsh service environment, aging, and also by corona phenomena. The number of empty houses during normal working hours is rising. As a result, the number of uninspected electric installation for general use is increasing. To define the potential risk of the electric installation, measurement of leakage current has been getting considered, but because the measured leakage current value also contained leakage current by capacitance, the measured value can not be adapted to absolute reference to the installation. Therefore, in this paper, the correlation between the condition of electric installation and leakage current were analyzed.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2021

Smart Grid Network (SGN) is a next generation electrical power network which digitizes the power distribution grid and achieves smart, efficient, safe and secure operations of the electricity. The backbone of the SGN is information communication technology that enables the SGN to get full control of network station monitoring and analysis. In any network where communication is involved security is essential. It has been observed from several recent incidents that an adversary causes an interruption to the operation of the networks which lead to the electricity theft. In order to reduce the number of electricity theft cases, companies need to develop preventive and protective methods to minimize the losses from this issue. In this paper, we have introduced a machine learning based SVM method that detects malicious nodes in a smart grid network. The algorithm collects data (electricity consumption/electric bill) from the nodes and compares it with previously obtained data. Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifies nodes into Normal or malicious nodes giving the statues of 1 for normal nodes and status of -1 for malicious -abnormal-nodes. Once the malicious nodes have been detected, we have done a trust evaluation based on the nodes history and recorded data. In the simulation, we have observed that our detection rate is almost 98% where the false alarm rate is only 2%. Moreover, a Trust value of 50 was achieved. As a future work, countermeasures based on the trust value will be developed to solve the problem remotely.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2020

Objectives: The present study reports a case of chronic anemia patient who was significantly improved after taking Nokyongdaebo-tang (NYDBT) Methods: A 48-year-old male patient diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) visited the Daejeon Korean medicine Hospital of Daejeon University on June 2018. The patient was treated with Korean medicine for 23 months including acupuncture, herbal medicine and Sasang constitutional medicine prescription. Improvement of anemia was assessed by changes of Hemoglobin value. Laboratory analysis was used to evaluate the safety of treatment. Results: Chronic anemia has significantly improved since taking NYDBT on 9 days (2019.12.09-2019.12.17). The Hb value has been maintained in the normal range since it first entered the normal range on January 18, 2020. The patient had become transfusion-free and this condition persisted for 6 months after stopping the transfusion. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the therapeutic potential of Sasang constitutional medicine for chronic anemia as a personalized medicine.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of vitamin E on the cadmium contents of bone and on the calcium and phosphorous contents of the blood, urine and feces. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 100$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to one normal group and three cadmium poisoned groups. The cadmium poisoned groups consisted of a vitamin E free diet (Cd-0E) group; a 40 mg vitamin E /kg diet (Cd-40E) group; and a 400 mg/kg diet (Cd-400E) group. Experimental animals were maintained on their respective diets for 20 weeks and were simultaneously administered 50 ppm $Cd^{2+}$ dissolved in the drinking water. At the end of the trial, the average hematocrit value in the Cd-0E group was 28.13% lower than in the normal group. However, the average hematocrit value in the Cd-400E group was significantly higher than in the Cd-0E and Cd-40E groups. WBC levels in the cadmium-poisoned groups were lower than in the normal group, but Cd-400E group levels were significantly higher than in the Cd-0E and Cd-40E groups. The contents of calcium of tibia has no significant difference between normal group and cadmium exposed group at $10^{th}$ week After 20 weeks, the calcium contents of the tibia in the Cd-0E and Cd-40E groups were lower than in the normal group by 25.5% and 22.1 %, respectively, although the calcium contents of the tibia in the Cd-400E group were higher than in the normal group. After 10 weeks, the calcium contents of the femur in the Cd-0E and Cd-40E groups were 19.25% and 15.45% lower than in the normal group, respectively, but the calcium contents of the femur in the Cd-400E group were at the same levels as in the normal group. The levels of calcium in the femur after 20 weeks were similar to the 10-week levels. Calcium levels of the urine in the Cd-0E and Cd-40E groups were 3.92 fold and 2.92 fold higher, respectively, than in the normal group, but levels in the Cd-400E group were significantly lower than in either the Cd-0E group or the Cd-40E group. Calcium levels of the feces in cadmium-poisoned groups were significantly higher than in the normal group, although levels in the Cd-400E group were significantly lower than in the Cd-0E and Cd-40E groups. Phosphorous levels of the blood in the Cd-0E group were 17% lower than in the normal group, although levels in the Cd-400E group were significantly higher than in the Cd-0E group. Phosphorous levels of the urine in the Cd-0E and Cd-40E groups were significantly higher than in the normal group, while Cd-400E group levels were found to be at the same level as in the normal group. Cadmium contents of the tibia in the Cd-40E and Cd-400E groups were 13% and 17% lower, respectively, than in the Cd-0E group. Regarding cadmium levels in the femur, only the Cd-400E group achieved lower levels (10% lower) than the Cd-0E group. In conclusion, vitamin E supplementation resulted in a suppression of the release of calcium from bone, and a reduction in the excretion of calcium via the urine and feces, thus having a normalizing effect on calcium metabolism in rats with chronic cadmium poisoning.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 1999

This study was performed to evaluate the anesthetic effects of the epidural administration of tiletamin-zolazepam and lidocaine to rats. Blood pressure, heart rate, respiratoty rate and blood chemistry were examined according to the time lapse, after the administration of tiletamine-zolazepam, lidocaine or saline. The results obtained were as follows. 1, Tiletamine-zolazepam group revealed fast anesthesia onset time (p＜0.01) and also revealed prolonged ambulation time compared with lidocaine group (p＜0.01). 2. In the effects of blood pressure, tiletamine-zolazepam group revealed significantly higher value than lidocaine group or saline group, and revealed the highest value at 20 minutes after administration. According to the time lapse, blood pressure of tiletamine-zolazepam group was recovered and showed similar value with lidocaine group and control group at 90 minutes after administration. 3. In the effects of heart rate, tiletamine-zolazepam group revealed significantly lower value than lidocaine group or saline group and revealed the lowest value at 30 minutes after administration, and recovered similar value with pre-administration at 90 minutes after administration. 4. In the effects of respiratory rate, lidocaine group revealed significantly lower value at 30 minutes administration compared with 0 and 60 minutes after administration (p＜0.01). Tiletamine-zolazepam group also revealed significantly lower value at 30 minutes compared with 0 and 60 minutes after administration (p<0.01). The changes at 60 minutes after administration, lidocaine group revealed lower value than saline or tiletamine-zolazepam group, and tiletamine-zolazepam group revealed similar value with 0 minutes. 5. In the effects of tidal volume, lidocaine group revealed significantly lower value than saline group (p＜0.001) and tiletamine-zolazepam group also revealed lower value than saline group, at 30 minutes after administration. The values at 60 minutes after administration, revealed similar results with that of 30 minutes after administration. 6. In the blood chemistry, the values of alanine transminase (ALT), aspartate transminase(AST) and creatinine did not reveal significant results at 60 minutes after administration. The values of ALT at 60 minutes slightly decreased compared with pre-administration, and revealed normal level.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.1015-1020
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• 2021

본 연구는 2020년 1월부터 2021년 6월까지 부산지역 일개 의료기관을 방문하여 골다공증 검사를 시행한 환자 중 특별한 질환이 없는 건강한 폐경 후 여성 113명의 검사 결과지를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 연구 목적은 폐경 여성의 BMI(신체질량지수)가 골밀도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였으며 저체중(BMI<18.5) 환자의 요추부와 대퇴부의 분석결과 유의확률(p-value) 0.000으로 나타났으며 정상체중(18.5≦BMI<23.0) 환자의 요추부에서 유의확률(p-value)은 0.025, 대퇴부의 유의확률(p-value)은 0.012로 나타났다. 과체중(23.0≦BMI<25.0) 환자의 요추부의 유의확률(p-value)은 0.021, 대퇴부의 유의확률(p-value)은 0.034로 나타나 상관 관계가 확인되었다. 그러나 고도비만(30.0≦BMI<40.0) 환자의 요추부 유의확률(p-value)은 0.127, 대퇴부의 유의확률(p-value)은 0.093으로 요추부와 대퇴부 모두에서 유의확률 p>0.05로 나타나 BMI와 골밀도의 상관 관계가 없음을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.115-132
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• 1969

The normal physiological values of Korean mongrel dogs were studied, comparing them with foreign references, on the basis of control physiological data measured on 110 cases out of the dogs submitted to the experiments in our department. The hemodynamic measurements varied widely between the both limits of reported normal control data, with the mean value of heart rate $140.4{\pm}26.6$/min., and both the systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures $137.2{\pm}31.7$mmHg and $104.7{\pm}14.4$ mmHg, as well as the venous pressure of $9.11{\pm}2.18$ cm.$H_2O$. Hematologically, the number of red blood cells $4,571,000{\pm}767,000$per cu.mm., the amount of hemoglobin $11.57{\pm}3.74$ gm/dl and the hematocrit $37.3{\pm}7.2$ per cent, were equally the values a little lower than the reported normal means. However, the white blood cells were within the reported normal limits both in number, $10,384{\pm}4,877$ per cu. mm and their differential counts with slightly broader ranges of variation. The platelet count was $149,800{\pm}47,000 $per cu. mm and was also far below the normal, while the coagulation time $9.03{\pm}2.69$min. and the prothrombin time $13.17{\pm}6.52$sec were within normal limits, though a little prolonged. The serum electrolytes, Na $146.6{\pm}10.44$mEq/L.,K $4.46{\pm}0.84$mEq/L., CI $118.3{\pm}7.88$mEq/L. and Ca $11.45{\pm}5.62$mg./dl, and the blood glucose level of $94.9{\pm}31.79$mg./dl were essentially not different from the reported normal values. The serum proteins, total protein $7.15{\pm}1.41$gm/dl., albumin $4.09{\pm}0.77$gm./dl. and globulin $3.18{\pm}0.88$gm/dl. were included near the higher limits of the reported normal levels. The thymol turbidity 0.1-3.04 units were normal in 10 cases, and the cephaline flocculation was within normal range except 2 cases out of 26 dogs, showing two positive in 24 hours. And the nitrogen series, NPN $34.61{\pm}10.29$mg/dl. and BUN $12.77{\pm}6.37$mg./dl. were normal. It may be concluded that from the point of view of hereby measured physiological data compared with the foreign references, the Korean mongrel dogs have a compatible laboratory data with only the special regards to their tendency toward anemia in red blood cell series.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2009

Objectives : We tried to investigate the effects of Panax Ginseng Radix pharmacopuncture and Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture on human body with the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in adult man. As well as we tried to investigate how safe Panax Ginseng Radix and Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture on the the human being. Methods : We investigated on 44 healthy volunteers consisted of 16 subjects in Panax Ginseng Radix pharmacopuncture group, 13 subjects in Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture group and 15 subjects in Normal Saline. We ruled out subjects who wasn't stable by rest, with in the limit of normal heart beat(60-120cycle/min). Study form was a randomized, clinical trial. Each group was injected Panax Ginseng Radix pharmacopuncture, Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture and Normal Saline $0.2m{\ell}$ at $GB_{21}$(Kyonjong). We measured HRV on 7 times : before and after injection per 5 minutes during 30 minutes. The SPSS 13.0 for windows was used to analyze the data by the paired t-test(in the group) and Anova test(among the groups) were used to verify the result. Results : 1. After Panax Ginseng Radix pharmacopuncture injection, SDNN was significantly high, pNN50 was significantly low, Ln(TP) was significantly high, Ln(VLF) was significantly high, Ln(LF) was significantly high at 30 minutes. 2. After Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture injection, Complexity was significantly low, Ln(VLF) was significantly high at 30 minutes. 3. HRV-index made a significant difference between the Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture and normal saline at 5 minutes(p=0.02). 4. There wasn's any pain the injected region and whole body, rubefaction, uredo, nausea, vomiting, colic, headache, dizziness within 24 hours. Measured data and mean value of Mean-HRV was within normal range. Conclusions : The results suggested that and Panax Ginseng Radix pharmacopuncture in healthy adult man tended to activate the vagus nervous system within normal range.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.379-390
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate clinical and cephalometric characteristics of patients with anterior open bite and mandibular condylar resorption. Total of 45 subjects were recruited from the patients who visited the Department of Oral Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital in 2006 for treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction. After taking patient's history concerning temporomandibular joint dysfunction, clinical examination was performed and panoramic, transcranial, and lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained. The cephalometric data were compared to those of normal Korean population. The results were as follow: 1. Clinical characteristics 1) Female was 4.6 time more prevalent than male, and 82.2% of the subjects were in second and third decade. 2) Angle's Class I occlusal type was 51%, Class II was 29%, and Class III was 20%. 3) The mean value of the overjet and overbite were 3.2mm and -1.1mm, respectively. 4) Most of the patients had parafunctional oral habits. 2. Cephalometric characteristics 1) SNA showed no significant difference between condyle resorption and normal group. However, in female resorption group, SNB was lesser and ANB was greater than those in normal group. 2) SN-GoMe and FMA increased in resorption group. 3) Palatal plane angle did not show significant difference between resorption and normal group. 4) Total posterior facial height was significantly smaller and total anterior facial height showed no significant increase as compared with those of the normal group. 5) Mandibular body length did not show any significant difference between resorption and normal group.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권9호
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• pp.1313-1317
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• 2013

With increasing demand of power, the equipment of power system is enlarging and the absolute capacity is going up. As a result, when a fault occurs, the fault current is consistently increasing. Therefore, I suggested some solution for limiting the fault current more efficiently. This study shows the characteristics of superconducting limiting elements and normal conducting elements combined with a transformer. We performed a short-circuit test about the fault current by using SCR switching control system operated from a CT. When short circuit accidents happened in the secondary side of a transformer, fault currents flowed and a SCR switching control system was operated. It resulted in a decrease of the fault current in the limited elements of third winding connected in parallel. For this test, we used YBCO thin films and normal conducting elements as the limited elements. Within a cycle, a superconducting fault current limiter with YBCO thin films reduced more than 90% of fault current because the resistance of superconducting elements sustainedly grew. On the other hand, the limiter with normal conductors limited as much as a set value because its resistance characteristic was linear. Consequently, in case of the limiter with superconductor, limiting range of the circuit was wide but the range of protective detection was undefined. In contrast, as for the limiter with normal conductors, limiting range and protection duty were appropriate.