• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 1995

We measured lagrangian currents in the coastal regions off east coast of Korea. The experiment sites are the Ulijin region where Polar Front of the East Sea is formed and the Ulgi region where coastal upwelling occurs frequently in summer. Each drifters are equipped with GPS receiver, and their trajectories are montiored by receiving the data transmitted from drifters through radio signal. The experiment with 'transmitting' GPS is very useful in monitering flows in coastal regions. Trajectories of drifters in the Uljin Polar Front region in October 1994 showed counterclockwise flow pattern. The flow pattern agrees with the SST distributions obtained from NOAA-11 AVHRR image for the same period. The lagrangian trajectories of drifters at 5m and 15m depths in the Ulgi region for normal period of April 1995 showed that the currents at the top 15m layer are almost uniform and their magnitude is 29cm/s. However, the currents, measured by KORDI, during the upwelling period of June 1994 showed that the currents at 5m depth were 1.2 times stronger than those at 15m depth. The current pattern in the Ulgi upwelling region agrees with the horizontal and vertical distributions of seawater temperature measured by NFRDA at the same period.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.57-64
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose the automatic detection method for individual region separation using panorama image. Finding areas that contain individual teeth is one of the most important tasks in automating 3D models through individual tooth separation. In the conventional method, the maxillary and mandibular teeth regions are separated using a straight line or a specific CT slide, and the tooth regions are separated using a straight line in the vertical direction. In the conventional method, since the teeth are arranged in a curved shape, there is a problem that each tooth region is incorrectly detected in order to generate an accurate tooth region. This is a major obstacle to automating the creation of individual tooth models. In this study, we propose a method to find the correct tooth curve by using the jawbone curve which is very similar to the tooth curve in order to overcome the problem of finding the area containing the existing tooth. We have proposed a new method to accurately set individual tooth regions using the feature that individual teeth are arranged in a direction similar to the normal direction of the tooth alignment curve. In the proposed method, the maxillary and mandibular teeth can be more precisely separated than the conventional method, and the area including the individual teeth can be accurately set. Experiments using real dental CT images demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.461-462
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• 2006

A single-gap and single-gamma transflective liquid-crystal (LC) display using patterned vertical alignment (PVA) mode was designed. In the device, a vertical electric field drives a vertically aligned LC to tilt down to optimize polarization efficiency. Electrodes of transmissive and reflective area were patterned $22.5^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$ with respect to the polarizer so that a tilt-down direction of the LC director was $22.5^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$ in the reflective and transmissive regions, respectively. In the device, the cell gap was the same for both regions, and the gamma curve matched each other in both regions because tilt angle of LC director was the same according to the applied voltage. Moreover, the dark state was irrespective of the cell retardation value at normal direction, which was highly important in massive fabrications. The switching principle and electro-optic characteristics of the device are reported herein.

• Mycobiology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.429-439
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• 2018

To develop a convenient promoter analysis system for fungi, a null-pigment mutant (NPG) of Aspergillus nidulans was used with the 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) gene, npgA, which restores the normal pigmentation in A. nidulans, as a new reporter gene. The functional organization of serially deleted promoter regions of the A. nidulans trpC gene and the Cryphonectria parasitica crp gene in filamentous fungi was representatively investigated to establish a novel fungal promoter assay system that depends on color complementation of the NPG mutant with the PPTase npgA gene. Several promoter regions of the trpC and crp genes were fused to the npgA gene containing the 1,034-bp open reading frame and the 966-bp 3' downstream region from the TAA, and the constructed fusions were introduced into the NPG mutant in A. nidulans to evaluate color recovery due to the transcriptional activity of the sequence elements. Serial deletion of the trpC and crp promoter regions in this PPTase reporter assay system reaffirmed results in previous reports by using the fungal transformation step without a laborious verification process. This approach suggests a more rapid and convenient system than conventional analyses for fungal gene expression studies.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2031-2048
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• 2021

Not only can air pollution reduce the overall competitiveness of tourist destinations, but also changes tourists' travel decisions, thereby affecting the tourism flows. The study presents a machine learning method to analyze how the haze pollution puts spatial effect on tourism flows in China from 2001 to 2018, and reveals the regional differences in heterogeneity among eastern, central, and western China. Our investigation reveals three interesting observations. First, the Environmental Kuznets Curve of the impact of haze pollution on tourism flows is not significant. In the eastern and western regions, the interaction between haze pollution and domestic tourism flows as well as inbound tourism flows shows an inverted U-shaped curve respectively. Second, there is an significantly positive spillover effect of tourism flows in all of the eastern, central, and western regions. As to the intensity of spillover, domestic tourism flows is higher than that of the inbound tourism flows. Both of the above figures are greatest in the eastern. Third, the Chinese haze pollution mainly reduces the inbound tourism flows, and only imposes significantly negative direct effects on the domestic tourism flows in the central region. In the central and eastern regions, significantly negative direct effects and spillover effects are exerted on inbound tourism.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.579-586
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• 2010

A genomic DNA fragment encoding a putative maltooligosyltrehalose synthase (NfMTS) for trehalose biosynthesis was cloned by the degenerate primer-PCR from cyanobacterium Nostoc flagelliforme. The ORF of NfMTS was 2,799 bp in length and encoded 933 amino acid residues constituting a 106.6 kDa protein. The deduced amino acid sequence of NfMTS contained 4 regions highly conserved for MTSs. By expression of NfMTS in E. coli, it was demonstrated that the recombinant protein catalyzed the conversion of maltohexaose to maltooligosyl trehalose. The $K_m$ of the recombinant enzyme for maltohexaose was 1.87 mM and the optimal temperature and pH of the recombinant enzyme was at $50^{\circ}C$ and 7.0, respectively. The expression of MTS of N. flagelliforme was upregulated, and both trehalose and sucrose contents increased significantly in N. flagelliforme during drought stress. However, trehalose accumulated in small quantities (about 0.36 mg/g DW), whereas sucrose accumulated in high quantities (about 0.90 mg/g DW), indicating both trehalose and sucrose were involved in dehydration stress response in N. flagelliforme and sucrose might act as a chemical chaperone rather than trehalose did during dehydration stress.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.283-297
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• 1999

Purpose: To compare radiographic images of Digora/sup (R)/ system and Ektaspeed Plus film obtained from normal adults. Materials and methods: Storage phosphor plate(SPP) was placed in a film holder behind Ektaspeed Plus film package without lead foil. The effect of film on SPP was studied in a separate in vitro experiment. Forty-seven sets of images were prepared for the evaluaton. The regions of interest(ROI) for evaluation were designated at seven sites including normal anatomical structures. The image quality for each ROI was evaluated on enhanced and unenhanced storage phosphor(SP) images and Ektaspeed Plus film. Results: Two film-SPP configurations showed significantly different gray levels at each step of the aluminum step wedge(p<0.05). The contrasts were comparable. Enhanced SP images were significantly superior to unenhaned images and film in all anatomical sturctures(p<0.01). The differences between unenhanced SP images and film were significant(p<0.05) except root canal and cortical bone on alveolar crest. For anatomical items. there were statistically significant difference among five observers(p<0.05). Conclusions: The image quality of enhanced SP images were superior to Ektaspeed Plus film. and Digora system is potentially applicable to clinical diagnosis.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2004

The supplementation of mulberry leaves, with the aim of yield, enhancement using vitamins, minerals and other compounds have generally been attended from 1990s and many researches have been conducted. More than 30 different compounds from complementary nutrients have been analyzed and in different regions where different climates various results have been achieved. This review has attempted to discuss the results of different works on enrichment of mulberry leaves with supplementary compound. Generally the most effects of these compounds are in the regions where productive parameters are low. In the areas that follow a normal pattern in economical parameters the enrichment of the leaves havent have significant economical effects.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 1994

Using 2 to 4 day-old postnatal rats, primary brain cell cultures were made from various brain regions (substantia nigra, hippocampus, striatum, and nucleus accumbens). Whole-cell patch clamp technique was used for electrophysiological studies. Neurons cultured from substantia nigra were characterized more in detail to test whether these cultured neurons were appropriate for physiological studies. Immunocytochemical and electrophysiological properties of these cultured neurons agreed with those from other in vivo or in vitro studies suggesting that cultured neurons maintained normal cytological and physiological conditions. Modulation of ionic channels through dopamine receptors were studied from brain areas where dopamine plays important roles on brain functions. When neurons were clamped near resting membrane potential (-74mV), R(+), R(+)-SKF 38393, a specific D$_1$receptor agonist, activated cultured striatal neurons, and dopamine itself produced biphasic responses. Responses of cultured hippocampal neurons to dopamine agonists were kinds of mirror images to those from striatal neurons; D$_1$receptor agonists inhibited hippocampal neurons but quinpirole, a D$_2$receptor agonist, activated them. Neurons cultured from nucleus accumbens were inhibited by dopamine.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.270-273
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• 2007

In this paper, a SAR-despeck1ing approach of adaptive iteration based a Bayesian model using the lognormal distribution for image intensity and a Gibbs random field (GRF) for image texture is proposed for noise removal of the images that are corrupted by multiplicative speckle noise. When the image intensity is logarithmically transformed, the speckle noise is approximately Gaussian additive noise, and it tends to a normal probability much faster than the intensity distribution. The MRF is incorporated into digital image analysis by viewing pixel types as states of molecules in a lattice-like physical system. The iterative approach based on MRF is very effective for the inner areas of regions in the observed scene, but may result in yielding false reconstruction around the boundaries due to using wrong information of adjacent regions with different characteristics. The proposed method suggests an adaptive approach using variable parameters depending on the location of reconstructed area, that is, how near to the boundary. The proximity of boundary is estimated by the statistics based on edge value, standard deviation, entropy, and the 4th moment of intensity distribution.