• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.193-195
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• 2006

In this study, we developed an active controlled ankle-foot orthosis(AAFO) which can control the dorsiflexion/plantarflexion of the ankle joint during gait to prevent foot drop and toe drag for paralysis patients. To prevent dropping foot after heel strike, ankle joint was actively controlled to minimize forefoot collision with the ground. It was also controlled to provide toe clearance and to help push-off during late stance. The 3D gait analysis was performed on two healthy subjects equipped with the developed AAFO to compare with the normal gait and the conventional AFO gait. In the developed AAFO gait, differently from the conventional AFO gait, significant push-off was observed during pre-swing and the maximum flexion moment during pre-swing phase was similar to that of normal gait. A remarkable dorsiflexion also occurred during initial swing. These results indicated that the developed AAFO could have certain clinical benefits to prevent foot drop for paralysis patients, compared to conventional AFOs.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2012

Purpose : The objectives of this study were to examine changes in gait parameters related to the COP and gait velocity resulting from the use of ankle foot orthosis, and to provide information for the prescription of ankle foot orthosis and gait rehabilitation training. Methods : We sampled a control group of 14 normal children of the same age as the spastic diplegia (spastic diplegia used ankle foot orthosis) and measured their COP at barefoot gait and their gait parameters at three gait velocities. Change in the COP according to the use of ankle foot orthosis measured one-way ANOVA and Gait parameters according to gait velocity used repeated measures ANOVA. Results : As a result of analyzing change in the COP it became close to that of normal children, and changes in gait parameters such as step width, stride length and stride time also became close to those of normal children. Conclusion : In conclusion, when spastic diplegia used ankle foot orthosis, their balancing ability was improved as a result of decreased change in the COP, and their changes in gait parameters also became close to those of the control group. These results show that the use of ankle foot orthosis improves spastic diplegia gait functions.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2010

The purpose of this study were to analyze the changes in kinematic and kinetic parameters and to find biomechanical benefits of Nordic Walking and normal gait performed under the same velocity. Nine participants(age: $26.73{\pm}3.28$ year, height: $182.45{\pm}4.62\;cm$, weight: $76.59{\pm}6.84\;kg$) was chosen. The velocity of gait was set by 5.75 km/h which was made by a Nordic Walking professional. The data were collected by using VICON with 8 cameras to analyze kinematic variables with 200 Hz and force platform to analyze kinetic variables with 2000 Hz. The results of this study were as follows. First, when compared with Normal gait, Nordic Walking group showed decreased Plantarflexion angle and ROM. Second, Nordic Walking group showed decreased knee flexion angle and ROM. Third, Nordic Walking group showed increased hip joint movement. Fourth, Nordic Walking group showed higher active GRF but decreased loading rate from delayed Peak Vertical GRF time and increased impulse. Fifth, Nordic Walking group showed longer ground contact time. Through this study, we found that Nordic Walking showed higher stability and efficiency during gait than normal gait and that Nordic Walking may help people who have walking difficulties.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 1999

In hemiplegic gait, walking speed is an important factor to evaluate treatment effect. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare kinematic variables during differant speed hemiplegic gaits. Six hemiplegic patients(47-69 years old) after stroke and age - matched six volunteers in good health(51-61 years old) were studied. The patients were sorted into two groups, depending on their self - speed of walking : fast speed group(3 patients, $0.74\pm0.14m/s$) and slow speed group(3 patients, $0.29\pm0.09m/s)$. The results were following. 1. In the hip joint, the fast group had lower mean value than normal but had similar pattern to normal. The slow group had continuous flexed pattern. 2. In the knee joint, the fast group had similar mean value and pattern to normal. The slow group had continuous flexed pattern. 3. In the ankle joint, the two group had dorsiflexed pattern. The fast group had similar pattern to normal. Thus, the fast group was similar gait pattern to normal.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.4001-4007
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• 2011

본 연구는 부목과 목발을 이용한 보행 시 에너지 소모 정도를 알아보고자 건강한 20대 여성 10명을 대상으로 4주간 정상보행, 부목보행, 부목 목발보행 시 각각의 운동강도, 환기량, 산소소모량, 호흡교환율, 칼로리 그리고 환기당량을 측정하였다. 부목의 무게는 평균 1.2 kg이었으며, 보행은 연구대상자들이 부목을 착용하고 가장 편안하다 고 느낀 2.74 km/h의 속도로 30분간 실시하였다. 실험결과 부목 목발보행이 정상보행과 부목보행에 비해 운동강도가 높았으며, 환기량과 산소소모량에서도 부목 목발보행이 정상보행과 부목보행에 비해 더 많았고 통계학적으로도 유의 하였다(p<0.05). 칼로리는 부목 목발보행이 정상보행과 부목보행에 비해 더 높았으나 통계학적으로 유의하지 않았으며, 호흡교환율과 환기당량에서도 세 조건 간에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.437-440
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• 2013

The cerebrospinal fluid tap test (CSFTT) is recommended as a key step in the diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). While there is no generally accepted evaluation period for ascertaining a CSFTT responder, a substantial number of patients are evaluated only once within 24 hours of the test for improvement in gait. We report an iNPH patient with a favorable response to shunt surgery, who was first judged a non-responder by this standard, though subsequently was judged a responder in virtue of repetitively testing gait over 7 days. A 68-year-old man presented with progressive impairment of gait, balance, and memory. He was diagnosed as iNPH with an Evans' ratio of 0.35. At first hospitalization, change in gait was evaluated 24 hours after the CSFTT. He didn't show any significant improvement and was judged as a non-responder. However, at the second CSFTT, we repetitively tested his change in gait over seven days. Forty-eight hours after the tap, he showed significant improvement in his gait. He was then confirmed as a responder. After the operation, the gait difficulties were almost fully resolved. Further studies developing the standard procedure of the CSFTT should be considered.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.573-581
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• 1998

Gait is a highly complex activity in which many variables can be observed and measured. Walking is a repetitious sequence of limb to move the body and to maintain stability. Normal gait is rhythmic and characterized by alternating propulsive and retropulsive motions of the lower extremities. Pathological gait patterns have four functional categories (deformity, muscle weakness, impaired control, pain). The purpose of this study was to assess the quantitive gait variables(the width of the base, length of a step, stride length, cadence, velocity) in patients with low back pain. Patients walked more slowly, took shorter steps and did not show the symmetrical gait patterns.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to describe and compare pint moments according to 6 types of gait methods during free speed. 15 volunteers(7 male, 8 female: mean age = 23.33 yrs.) participated and performed 6 types of gait methods. From the 3 types of pint moments of lower extremities(hip, knee, ankle and foot), the following results were made: 1. In left hip pint, the flexion-extension moment was not significantly different, but the adduction-abduction moment and rotation moment were showed different curves during stance phase. 2. In left knee pint, the flexion-extension moment was not significantly different, but the varus-valgus moment and rotation moment were showed different curves during stance phase. 3. In left ankle and foot the dorsiflexion-plantarflexion moment was not significantly different but the varus-valgus moment and rotation moment were showed different curves during stance phase. In conclusion, because weight loading gait with 10-20% of body weight were normal gait patterns, It was inferred that all weight loading gaits did not indicate noxious reactions of human body.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.453-458
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• 2001

The aim of this study is to present the basic reference data of age and specific gait parameters for Parkinson's Disease Patients. The basic gait parameters were extracted from 5 patients, 5 men and 65 years of age using VICON 512 Motion Analyzer. The temporal gait parameters and kinematic parameters is data of Parkinson's Disease Patients. The results were as follows; 1. The cadence, velocity, stride length decreased and single limb support period, double limb support period increased than normal adult in the temporal parameters. 2. The mean angles of joint pelvic tilt and hip, knee, ankle joint decreased than normal adult at kinematic characteristics on sagittal plane. 3. The mean angles of joint pelvic tilt and hip, knee joint has no difference than normal adult at kinematic characteristics on coronal plane. 4. The mean angles of joint pelvic tilt, hip joint no difference and internal, external rotation in ankle joint significantly decreased than normal adult at kinematic characteristics on transverse plane.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2014

In this paper, to quantitatively evaluate the degree of rehabilitation for the disabled of unilateral lower extremity, we compared the EMG pattern of normal and simulated abnormal gait. The EMG signal was measured at a rate of 1 kHz on the quadriceps and biceps femoris, the pressure sensor was attached to the sole in order to distinguish the gait cycle. Integrated EMG (IEMG) was obtained by the gait cycle, and classified four patterns that were the normal gait pattern, amplitude decrease pattern, reversed pattern, and irregular pattern. For comparison of the patterns, a curve fitting was performed using the trigonometric functions. The result of curve fitting, the method using a variable A that corresponds to the amplitude of the regression curve was able to distinguish the reverse pattern and remaining pattern. The coefficient of determination ($R^2$) representing coincidence of the pattern of the regression curve and EMG was confirmed the biggest value at the normal gait. Therefore, the degree of normal gait can be confirmed using the coefficient of determination. This results show that it is possible to quantitatively confirm the degree of unilateral lower extremity disabled rehabilitation, and it will be contributed to the study of efficient rehabilitation methods by objective analysis.