• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.237-240
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• 2020

This is the report of sacroiliac luxation in a Holstein-Friesian cow, describing the progression of the sacroiliac luxation from the onset of its development with changes in estradiol (E2) and serum chemistry. The high estrogen concentration was assumed to be a predisposing factor of the disease that relaxed the pelvic muscles and a secondary slippery finally caused the sacroiliac luxation. The E2 was present at levels four times higher in the cow with sacroiliac luxation (167 pg/mL) than in normal cows. Above normal levels of creatinine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase were also observed in cow with sacroiliac luxation.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.635-638
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• 1999

Manufacturing TGV-Korea, international standards and TGV-standards should be strictly applied in order to insure the normal operation and the safety of passengers in a train service. This paper presents a development of 800W DC-DC converter for the reading lamp of TGV-korea. The converter is designed for satisfying the regulations of international standards and TGV-standards regarding the burning-in test, the vibration test, the electro-magnetic emissions test, etc. As an experimental result, the maximum efficiency is obtained as 92.3[%] at normal input voltage and output power.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2005

During the recent decade, the new data about normal neurochemical system development have been accumulated very much. Based on these new data, the up-to-date theory and hypothesis have been developed. These development of this field results from the technological/methodological development which increase the sensitivity, specificity and validity of neurochemical research. Especially, molecular technological development support the recent neurochemical development. In this review article, the authors described the recent research findings in the field of normal neurochemical development of neurotransmitter system in animal and human. Most of child psychiatric disorder, especially neuropsychiatric developmental disorders (ADHD, Autism, Tourette's disorder, MR etc) seem to have underlying neurochemical developmental problems in the pathophysiological basis. So, the data on the normal ontogeny of neurotransmitter system can be the most valuable resources for the research on the etiology of the diverse child psychiatric disorders.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.199-215
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• 2014

Owing to the development of the notion of normal adjacency of a digital product [9], product properties of digital topological properties were studied efficiently. To equivalently represent a normal adjacency of a digital product, the present paper proposes an S-compatible adjacency of a digital product. This approach can be helpful to understand a normal adjacency of a digital product. Finally, using an S-compatible adjacency of a digital product, we can study product properties of digital topological properties, which improves the presentations of the normal adjacency of a digital product in [9] and [5, 6].

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2013

Toxic effects of arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) has been investigated using the sea urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus) germ cell and pluteus-larvae. The gametotoxic and embryotoxic effects of As and Cr on H. plucherrimus were each investigated at 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100. Spawning was induced by 0.5 M KCl solution and the normal fertilization and embryogenesis rates were performed for 10 min and 64 hrs after fertilization, respectively. The normal fertilization and embryogenesis rates in the control condition (not including As and Cr) were greater than 94% and 93%, respectively. The fertilization rate was not significantly changed compared with control but embryogenesis rate was significantly decreased with concentration-dependent manner. As and Cr reduced normal embryogenesis rates and a significant reduction occurred at concentration greater than 6.25 ppb (P<0.01) and 25 ppb (P<0.05), respectively. The lowest-observedeffect- concentration (LOEC) of normal embryogenesis rate in As and Cr were each 6.25 and 25 ppb, respectively. From these results, normal embryogenesis rate of H. pulcherrimus have toxic effect at greater than the 6.25 ppb concentration of As and 25 ppb concentration of Cr in marine ecosystems. These results suggest that the normal embryogenesis rates of H. pulcherrimus are very useful test method for the toxicity assessment of heavy metal as As and Cr in marine ecosystems.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.136-142
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• 2012

Acute toxicity test of heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Zn) were examined using the hatching rates of fertilized eggs in the oliver flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Eggs were exposed to Cd, Cu, Zn (0, 10, 100, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000 ppb) and then normal hatching rates were investigated after 48 h. The normal hatching rates in the control condition (not including Cd, Cu and Zn) were greater than 80%, but suddenly decreased with increasing of heavy metal concentrations. Cd, Cu and Zn reduced the normal hatching rates in concentration-dependent way and a significant reduction occurred at concentration grater than 1000, 100, 100 ppb, respectively. The ranking of heavy metal toxicity was Zn>Cu>Cd, with $EC_{50}$ values of 584, 1015 and 1282 ppb, respectively. The no-observed-effect-concentration (NOEC) and the lowest-observed-effect-concentration (LOEC) showed each 100 and 500 ppb of normal hatching rates in exposed to Cu and Zn. The NOEC and LOEC of normal hatching rates in Cd were 500 ppb and 1000 ppb, respectively. From these results, the normal hatching rates of P. olivaceus have toxic effect at greater than the 100 ppb concentrations in Cu, Zn and the 500 ppb concentrations in Cd in natural ecosystems. These results suggest that biological assay using the normal hatching rates of P. olivaceus are very useful test method for the acute toxicity assessment of a toxic substance as heavy metal in marine ecosystems.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2014

Objective: To investigate the association of individual follicular fluid (FF) leptin and adiponectin levels with the quality of the corresponding oocyte and embryo. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 67 women who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with 89 FF samples. FF and the corresponding oocyte was obtained from a single dominant preovulatory follicle at the time of oocyte retrieval. Concentrations of leptin and adiponectin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in an individual follicle. The oocyte quality, fertilization rate, and corresponding embryo development were assessed. Results: The FF level of leptin was significantly associated with body mass index (r=0.334, p<0.01). The FF adiponectin level was significantly higher in the normal fertilization group than the abnormal fertilization group (p=0.009) in the non-obese women. A lower FF leptin level was associated with a trend toward mature oocytes, normal fertilization, and good embryo quality, although these relationships were not statistically significant. The leptin:adiponectin ratio of FF did not differ significantly according to oocyte and embryo quality. The quality of the oocyte and embryo was not associated with the FF leptin level tertile. However, the normal fertilization rate was positively associated with FF adiponectin level tertile. There was a trend towards improved oocytes and normal fertilization rates with the lowest tertile of the FF leptin:adiponectin ratio, but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our results suggest that a high FF adiponectin concentration could be a predictor of normal fertilization. However, the FF leptin concentration and leptin:adiponectin ratio is not significantly related to oocyte maturity and corresponding embryo development.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 1984

This study was undertaken to investigate the general attitude toward science and scientific inquiry behavior of underachiever at the junior high school level. In this study, underachiever was defined as the one who is below the minimum acceptable performance level because of his/her deficiencies in prerequisites but who has the capability to reach the required mastery level in normal classroom. For the identification of the underachiever, IQ test and achievement test in science which were developed by the investigators were used. The attitude test which was to measure the general attitude toward science and scientific inquiry behaviors of the underachiever was also developed by the investigators. The tests were given to 250 1st grade junior high school students in one experimental school. Out of 250, 55 underachievers were identified. For the study, 55 underachievers with 57 normal students were compared. The findings of this study showed that there were significant differencies between underachievers and normal students in both attitude toward science and scientific inquiry behavior. They can be summarized as follows; 1. Awareness on science by underachievers was minimal compared to normal students. 2. Compared to normal students, there was a tendency by underachievers to think the influence of science on their real life is remote. 3. Underaschievers were less positive, less voluntary and were less persistent in science activities than normal students. 4. Underachievers were less interested in science than normal students. These findings showed us that there were significant relation between the attitude and achievement level. This suggests that fostering attitude toward science and scientific inquiry behavior is needed for the improvement of achievement level of underachievers.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.102-127
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to analyze a current trend of and relating factors on profitability of the Korean Public Corporation Medical Centers(KPCMCs, hereinafter, hospitals) in Korea. There are 34 hospitals in Korea as of 2004. Among these hospitals some are red ink hospitals, others are black inks in terms of profitability. Data were collected by Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI) Statistics for Hospital Management 2000-2002 and Ministry of Health and Welfare(MOHW) financial data of public hospitals which was planned to coordinate public health care services roadmap in the long run. The samples are 32 hospitals. Profitability was measured in the aspect of profit rate with normal profit to total assets, and normal profit to gross revenues as dependent variables in respective. Independent variables were classified by general factors, i.e., location, intern/resident training, period of opening, number of beds, and managerial factors(current ratio, fixed ratio, liability to total assets, total assets turnover, personnel costs, materials cost, administrative cost), and finally factors related to patient treatment(average length of stay, bed occupancy rate, admission ratio of outpatients). The methods of analysis are correlation and multiple regression analysis. This study shows firstly, a lot of hospitals are optimal current ratio. Hospitals in upper 100% current ratio are 81.2%. And the personnel cost in total costs are high. Secondly, the trend of normal profit to gross revenues of hospitals are deteriorating gradually. And lastly, as a result of multiple regression analysis, the factors had on significant effect on normal profit to total assets are fixed ratio(+), liability to total assets(-), bed occupancy rate(+), admissions of outpatients(+), etc. And the factors had on significant effect on normal profit to gross revenues are current ration(+), fixed ratio(+), personnel cost(-), administrative expenses(-), admissions of outpatients(+), etc. In conclusion, to improve the profitability of hospitals, the efforts to reduce personnel cost and average length of stay might be needed. And also beds utilization rate need to be increased.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.06a
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• pp.16-18
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• 1997