• KSTLE International Journal
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2001

The distribution of magnetic flux density of electro-magnetic chucks may clarify the clamping characteristics, which is strongly related to the machining efficiency and machining accuracy in surface grinding machine. Therefore the distribution of the normal and the tangential components of magnetic flux density have been analyzed theoretically. It appears that the normal component of magnetic flux density increases and the tangential component of magnetic flux density increases as the ratio of the separator width to the pitch, e/p decreases. The results seem to increase the stability and uniformity of normal component of magnetic flux density for the decreased e/p.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.29-35
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• 1992

The distribution of magnetic flux density of electro-magnetic chucks may clarify the clamping characteristics which are strongly related to the machining efficiency and machining accuracy in a surface grinder. Therefore the distribution of the normal and the tangential components of magnetic flux density has been analyzed theoretically. It appears that the normal and the tangential components of magnetic flux density increase as the ratio of the separator width to the pitch e/p decreases. The results seem to increase the uniformity and stability of normal component of magnetic flux density for the decreased e/p.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.489-492
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• 1997

Partial discharge characteristics of normal butyl acrylate grafted low density polyethylenes were investigated by an ultrasonic sensor made of ceramic piezoelectric material. It was found that the partial discharging activities in normal butyl acrylate grafted low density polyethylenes were considerably suppressed compared to those in plain low density polyethylene. It was found that acrylic acid grafted polyethylene was more effective than normal butyl acrylate grafted low density polyethylene.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.443-455
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• 1999

A simulation-based approach to estimating the probability of an arbitrary region under a multivariate normal distribution is developed. In specific, the probability is expressed as the ratio of the unrestricted and the restricted multivariate normal density functions, where the restriction is given by the region whose probability is of interest. The density function of the restricted distribution is then estimated by using a sample generated from the Gibbs sampling algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.396-403
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• 2008

We attempted to determine whether energy density would influence calorie intake via cognitive cues, as reflected by satiety. This experiment was designed using two different energy density levels of Kimbab: normal Kimbab (1.6 kcal/g) vs low-density Kimbab (1.0 kcal/g). 26 female college students participated in this study. The subjects ate Kimbab in the lab once a week for 2 weeks. Each week at noon, they were served 24 units of either normal or low-density Kimbab, and we determined the units, grams, and calories of the real & cognitive intake of Kimbab, and also analyzed the satiety rate after eating Kimbab. Our results demonstrated that the real calorie intake from the low-density Kimbab was significantly lower than that of the normal Kimbab (290.3 kcal vs 474.4 kcal, p<0.001), but we noted no significant differences in the units and grams of real and cognitive intake between the normal and low-density Kimbab. However, despite consuming 39% lower caloric intake, the subjects reported similar levels of satiety rates with the two different density levels of Kimbab, as they did not perceive themselves to have eaten more normal Kimbab than low-density Kimbab. Thus, this study provides evidence that the energy density of food is a crucial determinant of caloric intake, and supports the notion that the consumption of low energy-dense foods may result in a reduction of caloric intake without altering satiety.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.919-924
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• 2005

Fretting-wear caused by turbulence excitation for KSNP(Korea standard nuclear power plant) steam generator is investigated numerically. Secondary sides density and normal velocity are obtained by the thermal-hydraulic data of the steam generator. Because nonlinear finite element analysis is complex and time consuming, work rate is estimated by using linear analysis for simple straight 2-span tube. Wear volume and depth by using work rate calculation are estimated. Span length, secondary side fluid density and normal velocity are adopted to study the effects on the fretting-wear by turbulence excitation. When secondary sides density and normal velocity is increased, It turns out that secondary side density and normal gap velocity are very important paramater for fretting-wear phenomena of the steam generator.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.219-228
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• 2018

This study evaluated the effects of glycerol polyethylene glycol ricinoleate (GPGR) supplementation in different energy density diets on the growth performance, blood profiles, excreta gas emission, and total tract apparent retention (TTAR) of nutrients in broilers. A total of 544 one-day-old male Ross broilers were used in a 35-day trial. The broilers were allocated into one of four treatment groups in a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement with two levels of energy densities (a normal energy or decreased energy density) and GPGR (0 and 0.035%). From day 18 to 35, the GPGR supplemented and normal energy density diet groups showed a significantly improved (p < 0.05) body weight gain (BWG). Meanwhile, the GPGR supplemented diet group had a significantly reduced (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to that of the non-supplemented diet group. From day 0 to 35, the GPGR supplemented diet and the normal energy density diet groups had a significantly increased (p < 0.01) BWG and a reduced (p < 0.01) FCR. Moreover, GPGR supplementation tended to increase (p < 0.1) the TTAR of the dry matter (DM) compared with the non-supplemented diets. Likewise, the normal energy density diets had a significantly improved TTAR for the gross energy (GE) (p < 0.05) than that of the decreased energy density diets. No interactive effects were observed between the energy density and GPGR supplemented diets. In conclusion, both dietary GPGR supplementation and normal energy density diets had beneficial effects on the growth performance of broiler chickens without any adverse effects on blood profiles and excreta gas emission.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.49-58
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• 2013

Appropriate random variables and probability density functions based on statistical analysis should be defined to execute reliability analysis. Most studies have focused on only normal distributions or assumed that the variables showing non-normal characteristics follow the normal distributions. In this study, the reliability problem with non-normal probability distribution was dealt with using the convolution method in the case that the integration domains of variables are limited to a finite range. The results were compared with the traditional method (linear transformation of normal distribution) and Monte Carlo simulation method to verify that the application was in good agreement with the characteristics of probability density functions with peak shapes. However it was observed that the reproducibility was slightly reduced down in the tail parts of density function.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between nutritional status of iron and bone minernl density in premenopausal women. In the study, we classified the subjects into osteopenia (-2.5-I, n=29) groups according to their lumbar spine bone mineral density. Anthropometric measurements, dietary intake analysis and blood biochemistry measurements were performed on the subjects. The average ages of those in the osteopenia and normal groups were 22.2 yrs and 23.0 yrs, respectively, with no significant difference. The average body mass index (p<0.05) of those in the osteopenia group (19.6) was significantly lower than that of the normal group (21.3). The mean protein intake of those in the osteopenia group was significantly lower than that (p<0.05) the subjects in the normal group. The osteopenia group consumed a significantly lower amount of iron (p<0.05) and non-heme iron (p<0.05) compared to the normal group. The intakes of total food, vegetables and milk of those in the osteopenia group were significantly lower than those of the subjects in the normal group. The serum ferritin (p<0.001) level of those in the osteopenia group was significantly lower than those of the subjects in the normal group. In conclusion, a balance of iron status may be helpful in the prevention of bone mass loss in premenopausal young women.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.235-247
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• 1993

The predictive density function of a potential future observation and its first four moments are obtained in this paper to study the effects of a non-normal prior of the unknown mean of a normal population. The derived predictive density function is modified to study changes in utility curves, used to choose the optimum treatment from a given set of treatments, at a given level of stimulus due to slight deviations from normality of the prior distribution. Numerical illustrations are provided to exhibit some effectsl.