• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.14 no.1_spc
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• pp.409-414
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• 2008

The roles-grafting research is an approach to educational studies intended to graft five roles of supervisors, graduate students, teachers, principals and administrators. The approach is divided into four chained and cyclical aspects: drafting research blueprint, revising research blueprint, executing research blueprint and assessing performances. The approach maintains five basic principles: principles of inheritance, innovation, practicality, scientific basis and grafting. It is a paradigm of innovative research that has been developed in China that is worth a thorough investigation and extensive analysis.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.73 no.3
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• pp.259-269
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• 2020

In this paper, bending-stretching analysis of thick functionally graded piezoelectric rectangular plates is studied using the higher-order shear and normal deformable plate theory. On the basis of this theory, Legendre polynomials are used for approximating the components of displacement field. Also, the effects of both normal and shear deformations are encountered in the theory. The governing equations are derived using the principle of virtual work and variational approach. It is assumed that plate is made of piezoelectric materials with functionally graded distribution of material properties. Hence, exponential function is used to modify mechanical and electrical properties through the thickness of the plate. Finally, the effect of material properties, electrical boundary conditions and dimensions are investigated on the static response of plate. Also, it is shown that results of the presented model are close to the three dimensional elasticity solutions.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.496-501
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• 1999

Albinism is a phenomenon that color of the body surface is changed to white orfaint brown from the specific color to the species by difficiency of pigments due to mutation or disease. This study was undertaken to investigate the experimental basis on the appearance of albinism in cultured flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. The skin and muscle from the normal and albinic flounder were used by measuring contents of amino acid free amino acid. The results were summarized as follows: Contents of amino acid in theskin and muscle are different from normal and albinic flounder. Phenolic and sulfuric amino acids in the skin of normal flounder were 2 times those of albinic ones. Especially tyrosine contents of the skin in normal flounder were 24 times higher than those. Methionine was 26 times higher than those Phenylalanine was 1.6 times higher. In free amino aicd phosphoserine and phosphoethanolamine were a little higher than that ones. The melanin formation of the skin in flounder was affected by substrates such as phenolic amino acid and cofactor such as sulfuric amino acid.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-30
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• 1983

This study was to investigate the effect of functional pressures of the tongue and lips on the incisor relationship. The incisor relationship was devided into two categories; one is vertical relationship which is subdevided into open bite, normal overbite and deep bite on the basis of overbite, and the other is anteroposterior relationship which is subdevided into cross bite, normal overjet and large overjet on the basis of overjet. The functional tongue and lip pressures exerted to incisors were measured with subminiature pressure sense from the 99 subjects, 19 of normal overbite and overjet, 26 of open bite, 18 of deep bite, 17 of cross bite and 19 of large overjet with age of 17-20, and cephalograms were taken from the same subjects. Functional pressures were analyzed and correlated to craniofacial veriables. The results of present investigation led to the following conclusions. 1. There were no differences in functional and maximum pressures by the tongue and lips exerted to maxillary incisors between normal occlusion, open bite, deep bite, cross bite and large overjet. 2. Significant differences in functional and maximum pressures by the tongue and lips exerted to mandibular incisors have been shown to exist between open bite and deep bite, but no differences between cross bite and large overjet. 3. Equilibrium between tongue pressures and lip pressures did not exist. 4. Significant differences in the ratio of upper functional and maximum pressures to lower pressures of the tongue and lips exerted to upper and lower incisors have been shown to exist between open bite and deep bite, and no differences between cross bite and large overjet. 5, There was significant correlation between functional and maximum pressures exerted to mandibular incisors and craniofacial variables, but not significant correlation between functional and maximum pressures exerted to maxillary incisors and craniofacial variables.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.1
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• pp.315-323
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• 1997

This study attempts to determine the fundamental frequency level of male and female voices that Koreans perceive as normal. Seventy-three college students majoring in Speech Pathology participated in the study on a voluntary basis. The subjects listened to a male voice with fundamental frequency of 60 Hz, 80 Hz, 100 Hz, 120 Hz, 140 Hz, 160 Hz, 180 Hz, and 200 Hz, and a female voice with fundamental frequency of 140 Hz, 160 Hz, 180 Hz, 200 Hz, 220 Hz, 240 Hz, 260 Hz, and 280 Hz. The PSOLA (Pitch Synchronous Overlap). method and harmonic modeling method of speech signal were used to change pitch in the 20 Hz interval. The voices were presented in a random order to prevent listener bias. The results were as follows; Firstly, $46.6\%$ judged male voice with 120 Hz as normal, and $19.2\%$ judged 140 Hz as normal, and another $19.2\%$ judged 160 Hz as normal. Secondly, $50.7\%$ perceived female voice with 220 Hz as normal, and $32.9\%\;and\;30.1\%$ responded to 200 Hz and 240 Hz, respectively. The problems and recommendations for a future investigation are discussed.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.293-299
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• 2004

This paper is about the extraction of basis function for ECG signal processing. In the first step, it is assumed that ECG signal consists of linearly mixed independent source signals. 12 channel ECG signals, which were sampled at 600sps, were used and the basis function, which can separate and detect source signals - QRS complex, P and T waves, - was found by applying the fast fixed point algorithm, which is one of learning algorithms in independent component analysis(ICA). The possibilities of significant point detection and classification of normal and abnormal ECG, using the basis function, were suggested. Finally, the proposed method showed that it could overcome the difficulty in separating specific frequency in ECG signal processing by wavelet transform. And, it was found that independent component analysis(ICA) could be applied to ECG signal processing for detection of significant points and classification of abnormal beats.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 1980

This study was based on the study models of 32 subjects with normal occlusion, 40 with Class I malocclusion, 32 with Class II, Division 1 malocclusion and 38 with Class III malocclusion, aged 12 to 20 years (mean age 16.4 years). The purpose of present study was to define the difference between normal and malocclusion groups in maxillary dental arch and palate. On the basis of findings of this study, the following results were obtained. 1. The intermolar widths and the intercanine widths in Class II, Div. 1 malocclusion group were smaller than in normal occlusion group significantly. 2. The arch lengths measured in both Class I and Class II, Div.1 malocclusion groups were larger than in normal occlusion group. 3. The palates in Class I and Class II, Div. 1 malocclusion groups were longer and narrower than in normal occlusion, but the palates in Class III malocclusion group were shorter than in normal occlusion group significantly. 4. The palatal depths measured at level 1 in Class III malocclusion group were significantly higher than in normal occlusion and in Class II, Div. 1 group they were significantly higher than in normal occlusion at level 2 and 3. 5. The measurements of palatal areas at various levels showed no significant difference between malocclusion and normal occlusion groups. 6. The palatal indies 1 (palatal length / palatal width) measured in both Class I and Class II, Div. 1 malocclusion groups were significantly greater than in normal occlusion and the palatal indice 2 (palatal depth at level 1/palatal width) measured in all malocclusion groups are greater than in normal occlusion. 7. It was determined from findings of this study that the measurements of maxillary dental arch and palate were influenced to a considerable extent by the molar relationship.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.241-251
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• 2004

We propose two improved scalar multiplication methods on elliptic curves over $F_{{q}^{n}}$ $q= 2^{m}$ using Frobenius expansion. The scalar multiplication of elliptic curves defined over subfield $F_q$ can be sped up by Frobenius expansion. Previous methods are restricted to the case of a small m. However, when m is small, it is hard to find curves having good cryptographic properties. Our methods are suitable for curves defined over medium-sized fields, that is, $10{\leq}m{\leq}20$. These methods are variants of the conventional multiple-base binary (MBB) method combined with the window method. One of our methods is for a polynomial basis representation with software implementation, and the other is for a normal basis representation with hardware implementation. Our software experiment shows that it is about 10% faster than the MBB method, which also uses Frobenius expansion, and about 20% faster than the Montgomery method, which is the fastest general method in polynomial basis implementation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.40-45
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• 2008

This study describes tensile test results under room and elevated temperatures for AISI 304 stainless steel which is widely used for a airframe structural material. Tensile tests were conducted according to ASTM standards. Reliability analysis was conducted by using normal probability paper to evaluate A and B basis tensile strengths applicable to airframe structural design.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2017

One of the characteristics of the neurons that distinguishes them from other cells is their complex and polarized structure consisting of dendrites, cell body, and axon. The complexity and diversity of dendrites are particularly well recognized, and accumulating evidences suggest that the alterations in the dendrite structure are associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. Given the importance of the proper dendritic structures for neuronal functions, the dendrite pathology appears to have crucial contribution to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Nonetheless, the cellular and molecular basis of dendritic changes in the neurodegenerative diseases remains largely elusive. Previous studies in normal condition have revealed that several cellular components, such as local cytoskeletal structures and organelles located locally in dendrites, play crucial roles in dendrite growth. By reviewing what has been unveiled to date regarding dendrite growth in terms of these local cellular components, we aim to provide an insight to categorize the potential cellular basis that can be applied to the dendrite pathology manifested in many neurodegenerative diseases.