• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.451-457
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• 2009

컴퓨터그래픽스에서 다루어지는 대부분의 물체들은 메쉬 형태로 표현된다. 보다 다양한 형태로의 변형이나 현실감 있는 렌더링을 얻기 위해서는 정점에서의 올바른 법선벡터 계산이 필수적이다. 이에 대한 기존 연구들은 정점의 기하학적 특성을 단순하게 반영하는 가중치를 사용하였다. 본 논문에서는 국지적 기하학 특성을 종합적으로 반영하는 등각사상과 이웃 정점과의 상호관계를 연속적으로 표현할 수 있는 중간값 좌표계를 사용하는 방법을 제안한다. 논문에서 제시된 방법이 기존 다른 방법에 비해서 보다 정확한 법선벡터를 계산할 수 있음을 실험을 통해서 알 수 있다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1003-1013
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• 2016

This paper proposes a framework of superpixel-based vehicle detection method using plane normal vector in disparity space. We utilize two common factors for detecting vehicles: Hypothesis Generation (HG) and Hypothesis Verification (HV). At the stage of HG, we set the regions of interest (ROI) by estimating the lane, and track them to reduce computational cost of the overall processes. The image is then divided into compact superpixels, each of which is viewed as a plane composed of the normal vector in disparity space. After that, the representative normal vector is computed at a superpixel-level, which alleviates the well-known problems of conventional color-based and depth-based approaches. Based on the assumption that the central-bottom of the input image is always on the navigable region, the road and obstacle candidates are simultaneously extracted by the plane normal vectors obtained from K-means algorithm. At the stage of HV, the separated obstacle candidates are verified by employing HOG and SVM as for a feature and classifying function, respectively. To achieve this, we trained SVM classifier by HOG features of KITTI training dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed vehicle detection system outperforms the conventional HOG-based methods qualitatively and quantitatively.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.2242-2251
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• 1993

The mesh-based frictional contact model has been developed which does not rely on the spatial derivatives of the tool surface. Only points on the surface are evaluated from the description. which can then be simplified because of the relaxed demands placed on it. The surface tangents, normals, and corresponding derivatives at each finite-element node are evaluated directly from the finite-element mesh, in terms of the connecting nodal positions. The advantages accrue because there is no longer a need for a smooth tool surface to assure reasonable normals and derivatives. Furthermore, it can be shown that the equilibrium equations can only be properly written with a special normal derived from the mesh itself. The validity, accuracy, computation time, and stability of mesh-based contact model were discussed with the numerical examples of rounded flat-top and rough, flat-top rounded punch forming operations. Also, the forming process of a automobile inner panel section was simulated for testing the robustness of new contact model. In the discussion, the superiority of new model was examined, comparing with tool-based contact one.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.71.3-71.3
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• 2019

Previously we developed a method of coronal force-free field construction using vector potentials. In this method, the boundary normal component of the vector potential should be adjusted at every iteration step to implement the boundary normal current density, which is provided by observations. The method was a variational method in the sense that the excessive kinetic energy is removed from the system at every iteration step. The boundary condition imposing the normal current density, however, is not compatible with the variational procedure seeking for the minimum energy state, which is employed by most force-free field solvers currently being used. To resolve this problem, we have developed a totally new method of force-free field construction. Our new method uses a unique magnetic field description using two scalar functions. Our procedure is non-variational and can impose the boundary normal current density exactly. We have tested the new force-free solver for standard Low & Lou fields and Titov-Demoulin flux ropes. Our code excels others in both examples, especially in Titov-Demoulin flux ropes, for which most codes available now yield poor results. Application to a real active region will also be presented.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.1589-1596
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 CBP(coded block pattern) 및 colocated-MB(macro block)의 부호화 정보를 이용하여 인터모드 결정에 소요되는 계산량을 감소시키는 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 MB를 CBP 특성에 따라 best-CBP와 normal-CBP 로 나눈다. Best-CBP에서는 SKIP 모드 및 M-Type 모드일 확률이 통계적으로 96.3%이므로 인터모드 결정 과정에서 $8{\times}8$ 모드 계산을 제거한다. Normal-CBP에서는 SKIP 모드 및 M-Type 모드 결정에 colocated-MB의 부호화 정보와 MVcost(motion vector cost)를 이용하여 비트율-왜곡 치에 소요되는 계산량을 선택적으로 제거한다. 실험 결과, 제안한 방법은 전체 부호화 시간이 평균적으로 58.44% 감소되었으며, 움직임이 적은 영상에서 계산량 감소 효과가 우수함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.663-674
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• 2003

범프 매핑은 복잡한 모델링 과정 없이 기하 매핑을 통하여 땅콩 껍질의 돌기와 같은 객체 표면의 세밀한 부분을 표현해내는 기법이다. 그러나 이 기법은 법선 벡터 쉐이딩과 같은 상당한 복잡도를 가진 연산을 픽셀 당 처리해줘야 하므로, 이의 하드웨어 구현은 상당한 비용을 필요로 한다. 본 논문에서는 극 좌표계를 이용한 새로운 범프 매핑 알고리즘 및 하드웨어 구조를 제안한다. 이는 참조 공간으로의 변환을 위한 새로운 벡터 회전 방식과 연산이 최소화된 조명 계산 방식을 갖는 구조로, 기존의 구조에 비해 범프 매핑을 효과적으로 수행한다. 결과적으로 제안하는 구조는 범프 매핑에 필요한 연산 및 하드웨어를 상당량 줄였다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.673-679
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• 2021

The moment calculation in a truncated multivariate normal distribution is a long-standing problem in statistical computation. Recently, Kan and Robotti (2017) developed an algorithm able to calculate all orders of moment under different types of truncation. This result was implemented in an R package MomTrunc by Galarza et al. (2021); however, it is difficult to use the package in practical statistical problems because the computational burden increases exponentially as the order of the moment or the dimension of the random vector increases. Meanwhile, Lee (2021) presented an efficient numerical method in both accuracy and computational burden using Gauss-Hermit quadrature. This article introduces trunmnt implementation of Lee's work as an R package. The Package is believed to be useful for moment calculations in most practical statistical problems.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.670-684
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• 2015

The hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter (HCMLI) is a popular converter topology that is being increasingly used in high power medium voltage drives. The intricacy of the control technique for a HCMLI increases with the number of levels and due to fluctuating dc voltages. This paper presents a novel offline quadrant search based space vector modulation technique to synthesize a sinusoidal output from a dispersed pattern of voltage vectors due to different voltages in the auxiliary unit. Such an investigation has never been reported in the literature and it is being attempted for the first time. The method suggested distributes the voltage vectors for a reduced total harmonic distortion at minimal computation. In addition, the proposed algorithm determines the maximum modulation index in the linear modulation range in order to synthesize a sinusoidal output for both normal and abnormal vector patterns. It is better suited for a wide range of practical applications. It is particularly well suited for renewable source fed inverters which utilize large capacitor banks to maintain the dc link, which are prone to such slow fluctuations. The proposed quadrant search space vector modulation technique is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK and implemented using a Nexys-2 Spartan-3E FPGA for a developed prototype.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

In recent years, the research of 3D mapping technique in urban environments obtained by mobile robots equipped with multiple sensors for recognizing the robot's surroundings is being studied actively. However, the map generated by simple integration of multiple sensors data only gives spatial information to robots. To get a semantic knowledge to help an autonomous mobile robot from the map, the robot has to convert low-level map representations to higher-level ones containing semantic knowledge of a scene. Given a 3D point cloud of an urban scene, this research proposes a method to recognize the objects effectively using 3D graph model for autonomous mobile robots. The proposed method is decomposed into three steps: sequential range data acquisition, normal vector estimation and incremental graph-based segmentation. This method guarantees the both real-time performance and accuracy of recognizing the objects in real urban environments. Also, it can provide plentiful data for classifying the objects. To evaluate a performance of proposed method, computation time and recognition rate of objects are analyzed. Experimental results show that the proposed method has efficiently in understanding the semantic knowledge of an urban environment.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2011년도 제42회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1019-1020
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• 2011

This paper deals with torque analysis of axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) type eddy current brake (ECB) based on analytical field computation. On the basis of a magnetic vector potential and a two-dimensional (2-D) polar coordinate system, analytical solutions for normal and tangential flux density due to permanent magnet (PM) considering eddy current effect are obtained. And then, using derived analytical field solutions, braking torque and normal force characteristics according to rotor speed are also predicted. A three-dimensional (3-D) finite element (FE) analysis is employed to confirm the validity of analyses.