• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2010

In this study, the effects of HP4060, a pomegranate extract, on Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats were investigated. SD rats used in the experiment were divided into 3 groups: a control group, 100 mg HP4060/kg rat powder fed group, and 25 mg HP4060/kg rat liquid fed group. After 20 days of administration, the changes of the brain neurotransmitters were measured. The data showed that the concentration of the serotonin and the norepinephrine were increased, whereas that of the epinephrine was decreased in HP4060 administered groups. In addition, the improving effect of HP4060 on depression symptom of menopause women were shown by increased immobility time of the SD rates in a separate experiment. The uterus weight of HP4060 fed groups were also shown to be increased. In order to monitor toxic effect of HP4060, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels were measured, and the results showed that no significant difference in GOT and GPT levels among experimental groups implying no significant toxic side effects of HP4060. According to these results, it seems clear that HP4060 may improve symptoms of hot flush and depression caused by menopause without significant level of toxic effects.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.230-235
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• 1992

The conformational analysis has been done for catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine) in the cationic and di-anionic states. The species responsible for adsorption on silver metal surface is anionic deprotonated at hydroxyl groups of catechol moiety, i.e., di-anionic states of catecholamines. This was deduced from Fourier-transform Raman spectra of sodium salts of catecholamines. High resolution proton NMR (400 MHz) spectra of catecholamines in basic and neutral $D_2O$ solution show that the conformations of norepinephrine and epinephrine in the di-anionic states are preferred in gauche, but not for dopamine in the di-anionic state. However the energy difference between trans and gauche of catecholamines in the protonated cationic states is small enough to rotate freely through C-C bond in ethylamine moiety. The conformational calculations using an empirical potential function and the hydration shell model (a program CONBIO) show consistent with above experimental results. The calculations suggest that the species of catecholamines adsorbed on silver metal surface would be in favor of the gauche conformations.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1710-1713
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• 2004

This study was Investigated to prove the effect of Gamidojeok-san (Jiaweidaochi-san) on the hypertension. After administer Gamidojeok-san (Jiaweidaochi-san) extract to SHR(Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat) for 5 weeks, we examined changes of blood pressure, pulse rate, aldosterone and catecholamine in serum. Results : Following results were obtained; Gamidojeok-san(Jiaweidaochi-san) showed significant antihypertensive effect. Gamidojeok-san(Jiaweidaochi-san) decreased pulse rate but insignificant. Gamidojeok-san(Jiaweidaochi-san) showed a significant decrease in the aldosterone. Gamidojeok-san(Jiaweidaochi-san) was ineffective on the dopamine. Gamidojeok-san(Jiaweidaochi-san) decreased the norepinephrine but insignificant. Gamidojeok-san(Jiaweidaochi-san) showed a significant decrease in the epinephrine. These results indicate that Gamidojeok-san(Jiaweidaochi-san) can be used in hypertension. Further study will be needed about the functional mechanism and etc..

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제97권4호
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• pp.423-430
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• 2008

산림의 건강 기능은 여러 인자에 의하여 수행된다. 본 연구는 산림의 건강물질 중의 하나라고 알려진 음이온의 건강 효과를 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 본 연구는 12명의 대학생집단을 피험자로 하여 실험군과 비교군으로 무작위 할당한 후 실험을 진행하였다. 실험군에 속한 피험자들에게는 음이온 (2,001,000 ion/cc)에 노출시키고 인지능력 테스트와 생리적인 변화의 측정을 위하여 채혈을 실시하였다. 자료의 분석결과 음이온에 노출된 실험군에서는 비교군에 비하여 긍정적인 생리적 변화가 발견되었다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.343-351
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• 2014

굴 부착기 유생의 부착 유인 효과를 조사하기 위하여 6종류(serotonin, ${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, methyl bromide)의 신경전달물질을 채묘기질에 직접 처리하여 굴 부착기 유생의 부착 유인 효과를 조사하였다. 조사결과 평균 채묘율는 각각 $29.1{\pm}2.2%$, $29.1{\pm}2.2%$, $19.2{\pm}2.1%$, $11.0{\pm}1.2%$, $15.2{\pm}0.9%$ 및 $42.7{\pm}2.7%$로 MB 처리구에서 가장 높은 결과를 보였고, norepinephrine 처리구에서 유의적으로 가장 낮은 결과를 보였다 (P < 0.05). 채묘기질 $cm^2$당 부착밀도와 부착빈도는 ${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid와 methyl bromide 처리구에서 각각 $1.97{\pm}1.42$ 및 $2.37{\pm}1.86$ 마리/$cm^2$로 가장 높은 부착밀도를 보였다 (P < 0.05). 본 실험결과 굴 인공종묘배양장 등에서 부착기 유생의 부착요율을 높이는데, ${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid와 methyl bromide를 이용하면 효과적일 것으로 보인다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2013

굴 부착기 유생의 부착 유인 효과를 조사하기 위하여 6종류 (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, serotonin, ${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid, norepinephrine, epinephrine, methyl bromide)의 신경전달물질을 채묘기질에 직접 처리하여 굴 부착기 유생의 부착 유인 효과를 조사하였다. 조사결과 평균 채묘율는 각각 $29.1{\pm}2.2%$, $35.4{\pm}2.0%$, $19.2{\pm}2.1%$, $11.0{\pm}1.2%$, $15.2{\pm}0.9%$ 및 $42.7{\pm}2.7%$ 로 MB 처리구에서 가장 높은 결과를 보였고, norepinephrine 처리구에서 유의적으로 가장 낮은 결과를 보였다 (P < 0.05). 채묘기질 $cm^2$당 부착밀도와 부착빈도는 ${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid와 methyl bromide 처리구에서 각각 $1.97{\pm}1.42$ 및 $2.37{\pm}1.86$ 마리/$cm^2$로 가장 높은 부착밀도를 보였다 (P < 0.05). 본 실험결과 굴 인공종묘배양장 등에서 부착기 유생의 부착요율을 높이는데, ${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid와 Methyl bromide를 이용하면 효과적일 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.97-113
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• 1998

교감신경계는 광범위한 각종 기능의 항상성 조절에 결정적인 역할을 하고 있으며, 저산소증, 출혈, 통증 등에 따른 스트레스 반응에 의해 자극되어 심박출량의 증가 및 조직으로 산소공급 향상을 위한 혈류 조절 반응이 나타나게 되나 주어진 환경에 따라 반응 정도는 다양하게 보고되고 있다. 고농도의 $N_2O$로 인해 발생된 저산소혈증 상태에서 혈역학적 변화가 저산소혈증을 발견하는 지표로서 유용한 지를 관찰하기 위해 본 실험에서는 마취후 기계적 환기를 시행한 한국산 잡견에서 고농도의 $N_2O$를 이용하여 흡입산소농도를 점진적으로 감소시킬 때 발생된 저산소혈증이 혈중 catecholarnine의 분비와 혈액 가스 및 혈역학적 변화를 비교 관찰하였다. Halothane으로 흡입 마취하여 기계적 환기를 시행한 뒤 10 마리의 한국산 잡견에서 21%, 15%, 10%, 5%의 산소를 5분씩 공급하여 혈역학상의 변화와 조직의 산소이용 상태 및 혈중 catecholamine치를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 조절호흡의 결과, 실험견은 등탄산성 저산소혈증이 초래되었으며 흡입산소농도의 감소 정도에 따라 동맥혈 및 혼합정맥혈의 산소분압 및 포화도가 감소되었고, 산소섭취율이 증가함에 따라 동정맥혈 산소함량의 차이는 증가하였으며 동시에 심박출량이 증가하는 대상성 반응을 보였다. 중심 정맥압은 10%와 5%의 흡입산소농도에서 측정치가 유의하게 증가되었고, 평균 폐동맥압은 10%와 5%의 흡입산소농도에서 각각 55% 및 82% 증가되었으며 폐혈관저항도 각각 76%, 95%로 유의하게 증가되었으나 전신혈관저항의 변화는 유의성이 없었다. 실험견에서 혈중 norepinephrine, epinephrine 및 dopamine의 대조치는 각각 $141.4{\pm}94.4$ pg/ml, $172.6{\pm}130.1$ pg/ml, $151.1{\pm}282$ pg/ml이었다. 15% 산소 흡입 시 norepinephrine, epinephrine 및 dopamine치는 모두 유의한 증가를 나타내기 시작하였고 dopamine은 10% 흡입산소농도에서 가장 많이 증가하였으나 5% 흡입산소농도에서는 오히려 감소되었고 60%의 흡입산소로 재산소화하는 동안 대조치 수준으로 회복되었다. 이에 비해 norepinephrine은 15%의 흡입 산소농도에서 74% 증가한 후 저산소혈증이 심화될수록 더욱 증가하는 양상이 계속되었다. Epinephrine은 대조치에 비해 15% 산소 흡입시 29% 증가하였으나 10% 및 5% 흡입산소농도에서 각각 382%, 350% 증가되었다. 60%의 흡입산소로 재산소화하였을 때는 norepinephrine과 epinephrine치는 감소되었으나 대조치보다는 여전히 증가되어 있었다. 이상의 결과로 볼때 마취후 고농도의 $N_2O$에 의한 저산소 가스 흡입은 혈중 catecholamine의 농도를 증가시키나 심혈관계 및 교감 신경계의 반응을 매우 둔화시키는 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 임상 마취에서 환자에게 고농도의 $N_2O$를 흡입시켜 저산소혈증이 초래되는 경우 혈압 및 맥박수의 변화는 저산소혈증을 발견하는 지표로 유용하지 않은 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.171-182
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the effect of kangaroo care on body weight, physiological responses and behavioral states in premature infants. The subjects were 32 premature infants, fifteen for the kangaroo care group and seventeen for the control group, who hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit at a university-affiliated hospital. The kangaroo care was applied 8 times during the twenty five days with 40 minutes for each session. The kangaroo care provides the skin-to-skin contact during which a premature infant wearing a diaper and a hat is placed on its mother's chest. As for the measures, body weight was measured everyday. The levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine and 17-OHCS were measured twice, before beginning the first intervention and after finishing the last intervention. While each session of the care is undergoing, such physiological responses were measured periodically as heart rate, respiration rate, oxygen saturation, core temperature and skin temperature. The results were as follows : 1. The weight gain was significantly greater in the kangaroo care group than that in the control group during the period of performing the kangaroo care. 2. No significant difference was revealed between the two groups in heart rate, respiration rate, oxygen saturation and core temperature. The kangaroo care group also showed significant increases in the skin temperature. 3. The differences in the levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine and 17-OHCS were not significant between the kangaroo care and the control groups. The level of norepinephrine in the two groups was significantly increased over time. 4. Sleep pattern changed significantly in the kangaroo group from a very restless sleep to a very quiet sleep. These results suggest that kangaroo care is an effective nursing intervention for premature infants in gaining weight, achieving stable physiological responses and facilitating a quiet sleep.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.51-65
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• 1990

The purpose of the present study was to examine the hemodynamic responses, especially in arterial and skin blood flows, in conjunction with the changes of plasma catecholamine levels as an indirect marker of adrenergic tone during the early stage of head-down tilt (HDT), and to evaluate the early physiological regulatory mechanism in simulated weightlessness. Ten mongrel dogs, weighing8\;{\sim}\;14\;kg, were intravenously anesthetized with nembutal, and postural changes were performed by using the tilting table. The postural changes were performed in the following order: supine, prone, HDT $(-6^{\circ}C)$ and lastly recovery prone position. The duration of each position was 30 minutes. The measurements were made before, during and after each postural change. The arterial blood flow $({\.{Q}})$ at the left common carotid and right brachial arteries was measured by the electromagnetic flowmeter. Blood pressure (BP) was directly measured by pressure transducer in the left brachial artery. To evaluate the peripheral blood flow, skin blood flow $({\.{Q}})$ was calculated by the percent changes of photoelectric pulse amplitude on the forepaw, and skin temperature was recorded. The peripheral vascular resistance (PR) was calculated by dividing respective mean BP values by ${\.{Q}}$ of both sides of common carotid and brachial arteries. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f) and PH, $Po_{2},\;Pco_{2}$ and hematocrit of arterial and venous blood were also measured. The concentration of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine was measured by radioenzymatic method. The results are summarized as follows: Tilting to head-down position from prone position, HR was initially increased (p<0.05) and BP was not significantly changed. While ${\.{Q}}$ of the common carotid artery was decreased (p<0.05) and PR through the head was increased, ${\.{Q}}$ of the brachial artery was increased (p<0.05) and PR through forelimbs was decreased. ${\.{Q}}$ of the forepaw was initially increased (p<0.05) and then slightly decreased, on the whole revealing an increasing trend. Plasma norepinephrine was slightly decreased and the epinephrine was slightly increased. f was increased and arterial pH was increased (p<0.05). In conclusion, the central blood pooling during HDT shows an increased HR via Bainbridge reflex and an increased ${\.{Q}}$ of the forepaw and brachial ${\.{Q}}$, due to decreased PR which may be originated from the depressor reflex of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors. It is suggested that the blood flow to the brain was adequately regulated throughout HDT $(-6^{\circ}C)$ in spite of central blood pooling. And it is apparent that the changes of plasma norepinephrine level are inversely proportional to those of ${\.{Q}}$ of the forepaw, and the changes of epinephrine level are paralleled with those of the brachial ${\.{Q}}$.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2010

Tremors are trembling movements and are seen in association with alcoholic intoxication, certain drugs, thyrotoxicosis, multiple sclerosis, hysteria, and nervous tension. Dental fears, such as, pain, drill, unknown, dependency, helplessness, mutilation and oral change, induce the neuroendocrine response (release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, etc). The clinical manifestations of epinephrine or other vasopressor overdose include : anxiety, tenseness, restlessness, throbbing headache, tremor, perspiration, weakness, dizziness, pallor, palpitation and respiratory difficulty. Signs of local anesthetic overdose appear clinically whenever the anesthetic level in the blood rises to an appropriate level in an individual. The clinical signs of moderate overdose levels include : talkativeness, apprehension, excitability, slurred speech, tremor and muscular twitching. This is a case report about the severe tremor care after the endodontic treatment under right mandibular block anesthesia in a 56-years old female patient.