• 한국섬유공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국섬유공학회 1994년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.42-43
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• 1994

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1979

As the fabric merchandises become more diversified and the pre-condensates of resin are used in increasing amount to enhance the quality of so-called 'easy care' in such fabric goods, form-aldehyde, which is extricated from nonwoven fabrics, has posed problems. The result of the study conformed, firstly that the fusible bonded webs sold in the current market contained a considerable amount of formaldehyde, i.e. the minimum of 552$\mu$g/g and the maximum of 2,123$\mu$g/g. Secondly, formaldehyde fond in many of such fabric goods was unable to be removed completely even after washed for, three times. Thirdly, the degree of permeation of HCHO into other part of the fabric proved to be high and. when kept in a poly bag over 10days. the amount of formaldehyde tended to increase. Such experiment, therefore, demonstrates that the methods of delivery and storage employed in the current distribution structure must be thoroughly re-examined. The conclusion of this study shows that we should be more concerned with the adverse effects of formaldehyde for the health of consumers. let alone the increase of export of such merchandises.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.128-137
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• 2000

A range of suede-like samples were collected including woven fabric type, nonwoven fabric type, and natural suede(sheep). The surface textures of these suede-like fabrics are rather diverse and different from the plain filament type fabrics since there are a lot of fine surface free fiber ends. Physical and mechanical measurements were carried using the KES equipments. Based on the Kawabata-Niwa translational equation, primary hand values and THV were calculated. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed. Using glossmeter, the reflectance pattern was analyzed at different incidence and receiving angles. In order to capture the surface images of the specimens, a CCD camera and frame grabber connected to a PC were employed. The reflectance uniformity of the images was measured with line-profile analysis and standard deviation values of the profile of the images were calculated. After the multiscale wavelet transfermation, correlation among the transformed image was analyzed at each scale. The reflectance uniformity of the natural suede was better than that of nonwoven type suede, while that of woven type suede was the last among the selected three samples(natural suede, nonwoven type, woven type). The correlation analysis among images has shown the possibility of using the wavelet transformation of the images as one of the measures to detect similarities among the textured specimens.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2020

In this study, pre-treatment was performed on kapok, a hydrophobic fiber, to compare dyeability by hydrophilization. The pretreatment conditions of kapok fiber were used with different amounts of sodium oleate(NaO), a fatty acid-based anionic surfactant, and xanthan gum(XG) as a natural thickener. At this time, NaO and XG were separately or mixed treated with 0.01%, 0.1%, 1% aqueous solution at 80℃ for 30 min. Hydrophilicity through dyeing was confirmed using Sappan wood extract. Therefore, SEM observation was performed to investigate the surface change of kapok fiber according to the conditions. The surface color difference was also analyzed. Pretreated kapok fibers were made from nonwoven fabrics and the contact angles were measured to determine their hydrophilization. The surface of the fiber after pretreatment was found to be cracked when NaO and NaO were mixed with XG. The surface color was the highest in a^⁎ and K/S values after the simultaneous treatment of NaO and XG, followed by NaO pretreatment and XG pretreatment. The contact angle of kapok fiber made of nonwoven fabric was slightly lower at 300g/㎡ than the fabric weight of 150g/㎡. Such hydrophilized nonwoven kapok fiber are expected to be used in various fields.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.50-56
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• 1998

Nonwoven fabric was treated with chitosan solution to impart antimicrobial activities by pad-dry method. Antimicrobial activity was measured by Shake Flask Method. Two chitosans of different molecular weight(Mw) with similar degree of deacetylation(DDA) were used : ca. 1,800(chitosan oligomer : DDA 84%) and 180,000(DDA 86%). Chitosan oligomer displayed high antimicrobial activity against P. vulgaris at 0.01%, S. aureus and E. coli at 0.05% treatment concentration, shelving above 90% of reduction rate. Chitosan of Mw 180,000 was effective against S. aureus, E. coil and P. vulgaris at 0.05% treatment concentration, showing almost 100% reduction rate. While chitosan of Mw 180,000 shelved reduction rate above 75% against K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa at 0.5% treatment concentration, chitosan oligomer was not effective against them. Fabrics become stiffer and less air permeable as treatment concentration increases. Liquid strike-through time of the sample treated with 0.5% chitosan oligomer solution (3.0 sec) was comparable with a hydrophilic finished sample commercially available(2.6 sec).

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.464-469
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• 2005

In the nonwoven fabric filter bioreactor (NFBR), both the construction and the operation costs could be saved because a high concentration of microorganism can be maintained in the reactor as in the membrane bioreactor. However, the NFBR process has been investigated only under aerobic and/or anoxic conditions, In this research, a basic anaerobic treatment experiment was performed at $35^{\circ}C$ by feeding an airtight NFBR with a concentrated synthetic organic wastewater. The organic loading rate (OLR) of the NFBR was increased stepwise from $0.25kg\;COD/m^3-day$ to $0.77kg\;COD/m^3-day$ by gradually decreasing the hydraulic retention time from 20 days to 13 days. The results of the research showed that the best COD removal efficiency achieved at the OLR of $0.67kg\;COD/m^3-day$ with a value of 99.3%. The methane content of the produced gas was highest with a value of 61.2% at the OLR of $0.33g\;COD/m^3-day$. The highest methane production rate was $0.89g\;COD/m^3-day$ at the same OLR. The operation was terminated at the OLR of $0.77kg\;COD/m^3-day$ because of the deterioration in COD removal efficiency, gas production rate, and the methane content of the gas. Further researches are recommended for the NFBR to be employed for anaerobic treatment of organic wastewaters.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.156-160
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• 1997

침적식 부직포 막분리와 생물학적처리를 조립한 본 연구시스템을 합성폐수에 적용 실험한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 1. 부직포는 기존 여과막보다 공극이 크므로 부직포 모율을 하루정도 침적한 후 생물여과막이 형성된 후 처리수가 안정됨으로 장치의 설치후 하루이상 경과한 후 가동되어야 한다. 2. 수리학적 체류시간, 부하량등의 변화에도 유기물 제거율은 평균 $COD_{Cr}$ 86.0%, $COD_{Cr}$ 90.0%, BOD 95.2%를 나타내었으며, 유출수 SS은 평균 6.2mg/l이었다. 3. 플럭스는 운전 초기 및 높은 압력에서 감소율이 크게 나타났으며 흡입압 $21{\sim}25cmHg$(약 30kpa)에서 $0.124m^3/m^2day$로 안정되었다. 4. 본 시스템의 단위체적당 처리량을 증가시키기 위한 적정한 부직포막의 선정 및 막면의 증가와 부직포 표면의 생물여과막의 조절을 위한 계속적인 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.783-792
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• 2007

부직포 여과막 생물반응조의 질산화 성능을 파악하기 위하여 주입폐수의 암모니아 농도를 $54\sim1,400$ mg/L 그리고 알칼리도를 $43\sim10,480$ mg/L로 변화시키면서 약 11시간의 체류시간에서 641일간 실험을 실시한 결과 반응조의 MLSS농도는 최초의 2,650 mg/L 에서 830 mg/L까지 감소하였다가 최고 8,340 mg/L까지 증가함으로써 반응조의 용적부하는 $0.120\sim3.130$ kg $NH_3-N/m^3-day$의 범위에서 변하였으나 F/M 비는 $0.067\sim0.414$ kg $NH_3-N/kg$ MLSS-day의 적은 변화를 보였다. 각 실험단계별 평균 질산화 효율이 $35.2\sim100%$로서, 최대 질산화율은 2.970 kg $N/m^3-day$ 또는 0.489 g N/g MLVSS-day로 나타났다. MLVSS의 질산화미생물 분율은 최초의 7.1%에서 최고 100%까지 변하였으나 부직포 여과막에 형성된 생물막의 경우에는 2.2%의 매우 낮은 값을 보였다. 미생물 성장계수는 0.117 g VSS/g N removed로 그리고 알칼리도 소모량은 평균 7.08 g alkalinity/g NOx-N produced로 측정되었다. 이러한 실험결과로 보아 부직포 여과막 생물반응조가 고농도 암모니아 폐수의 질산화에 적합한 공법으로 판단된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.88-96
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• 2006

생물학적 폐수처리과정에서 폐활성슬러지가 적게 발생하도록 하는 방법 중 현재 그 효과가 가장 확실한 것은 반응조 내의 F/M비를 낮게 유지하는 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 반응조 내의 미생물 농도를 높게 유지함으로써 F/M비를 낮게 유지할 수 있는 부직포 여과막 생물반응조에 COD농도가 약 300 mg/L이고 SS를 함유하지 않는 합성폐수를 단속적으로 주입하는 실험을 반복하여 폐활성 슬러지의 감량화 가능성을 파악하였다. 실험 결과, 반응조내의 MLSS농도가 최고 31,010 mg/L까지 증가함으로써 F/M비는 최저 0.02 g COD/g MLSS-day까지 감소하였다. 그러나 MLSS의 내생분해계수 및 산소섭취율을 측정한 결과 MLSS농도가 증가함에 따라 MLSS의 활성도는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 폐수주입기간 중 반응조내의 MLSS증가 및 전체 실험기간의 물질수지에 근거한 평균 미생물 성장계수 값이 각각 0.148 및 0.139 g MLSS/g COD의 낮은 값을 보임으로써 본 연구에서 채택된 부직포 여과막 생물반응조가 잉여슬러지 발생량을 감량화시키는 데 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.517-519
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• 1998

보온 피복재 종류가 거봉 포도 유목의 월동시 동해방지, 노동력 절감 및 근두암종병 발생 억제에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 11월 하순에 흙속매몰, 보온덮개, 보온덮개+짚, 부직포, 부직포+짚 등의 보온 피복재를 달리하여 시험한 결과, 월동기간 중 흙속매몰, 보온덮개+짚 피복에서 최고와 최저 온도차가 각각 $2.8^{\circ}C$, $6.4^{\circ}C$로 작았으며, $-10^{\circ}C$ 이하시의 보온효과도 노지 기온에 비하여 5~7배 높았다. 발아는 보온덮개+짚, 부직포+짚에서 시작이 빨랐으며, 발아율도 흙속매몰에 비하여 각각 22%, 7% 높았다. 주지경, 절간장 그리고 신초장은 흙속매몰, 피복재+짚 처리에에서 굵거나 길었으며, 근두암종병 발생은 무피복에 비하여 피복처리에서, 피복처리 중에는 흙속매몰에서 가장 심하였다. 작업단계별 노동력 투하량은 흙속매몰(관행)에 비하여 보온재 피복에서 44~57% 절감되었다.