• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.128-141
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the pain relief effect of lower abdomen warmer on primary dysmenorrhea patients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and whether the using of warmer can supplement or replace the drugs. Methods: 30 women with primary dysmenorrhea were assigned to treatment group (n=15) and control group (n=15). At 1st visit, the treatment group was provided with a wirless multiuse warmer and trained to use at least three times per menstrual cycle. The control group was not provided with the warmer, and both groups were provided with a menstrual diary and instructed to record their pain intensity and dose of analgesic every menstrual period. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used to assess the intensity of overall pain and the most severe pain during the menstrual period. And the total number of analgesic taken during menstruation and the average number of analgesic taken during a single dose were measured. Results: There was significant pain relief in the treatment group compared to before baseline, and there was a significant difference from the control group. In addition, there was no significant difference in the frequency of taking analgesic during the menstrual period between the treatment group and the control group, but the dose of analgesic was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group. Conclusions: This clinical trial showed that lower abdomen warmer would helpful in relieving primary dysmenorrhea and could help reduce the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2000

Inhibition of cyclooxygenase(COX), and thus prevention of the formation of prostaglandins, provided a unifying explanation of the therapeutic and toxic actions of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Recently, the discovery of the two isoforms of COX was made by molecular biologists studying neoplastic transformation in chick embryo cells. The constitutive enzyme, COX-1, is obviously responsible for the production of prostaglandins involved in housekeeping functions such as maintenance of integrity of the gastric mucosa, renal blood flow and platelet aggregation. The inducible form of COX (COX-2) is responsible for the formation of prostaglandins that pathologically affects inflammation, pain and fever. Clearly, all the experimental and clinical data support the hypothesis that the beneficial effects of NSAIDs are due to inhibition of the COX-2 enzyme, whereas the gastrotoxicity is due to inhibition of COX-1. The cox-2/COX-1 ratios of the NSAIDs in common use have been measured and compared with epidemiological data on their side effects. There is little evidence to suggest that one NSAID is clearly more effective than another, But substantial individual variability is present with respect to the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of these drugs: therefore it is essential to adjust the dosage and choose specific drug to the patient's response.

• 약학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 1982

This paper presents anti-inflammatory effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their copper complexes, and the change of content of copper in serum, liver, brain and edema foot induced by 1% carrageenan in rats, and also investigation of stomach hemorrhage. The results were as follows. 1. The content of copper decreased in liver and brain, however, the concentration of copper significantly increased in serum and edema site after carrageenan injection in rats. 2. The content of copper in serum and edema site was decreased after administration of anti-inflammatory drugs. 3. Edema inhibition rate of aspirin was, higher than that of copper (II) aspirinate, but edema inhibition rate of copper complex of naproxen was markedly higher than that of naproxen. 4. Hemorrhage of stomach of copper salicylate was higher than that of sodium salicylate, but hemorrhage of stomach of sodium naproxen was higher than that of copper naproxen.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2017

목적: 아라키돈산 대사물의 생합성을 억제하는 비스테로이드성 항염증제는 잠재적인 숙주조절제로 고려되고 있다. 이종설의 목적은 비스테로이드성 항염증제를 비외과적 치주치료와 병용하였을 때 치주질환자에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 데 있다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 관련된 연구를 확인하기 위하여 세 전자 데이터베이스를 검색하였다. Cochrane의 고찰 방법론에 따라 방법론적인 질, 임상 부착 수준과 탐침 깊이 변화량에 대한 평균 차이를 분석하였다. 결과: 총 12개의 연구의 방법론을 평가하였고 이중 9개의 연구에 대해 메타-분석을 시행하였다. 임상 부착 수준의 변화에 대한 평균차의 경우 모든 관찰기간에서 비스테로이드성 항염증제 군과 대조군간 유의차를 보이지 않았다. 가장 큰 평균차는 4주 때 0.30 mm로 나타났다(95% 신뢰구간 = -0.37 to 0.97). 탐침 깊이 변화에 대한 평균차는 6주 때 0.34 mm(95% 신뢰구간 = 0.29 to 0.40)로 유의차를 보였다. 결론: 이를 토대로 하였을 때 비스테로이드성 항염증제를 비외과적 치주치료와 병용하여 투여하였을 때 부가적으로 치료효과를 증대시킬 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.459-465
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• 2018

Most commercially available detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) require further processing to qualify for use in biomedical applications, as they often contain many impurities and exhibit poor dispersibility in aqueous media. In this work, DNDs are modified to improve purity and impart a high colloidal stability to the particles. The dispersive and adsorption properties of modified DNDs are evaluated in terms of the suitability of DNDs as carriers for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in transdermal delivery. The study of adsorption on strongly positively and strongly negatively charged DNDs showed their high loading capacity for NSAIDs, and a pronounced relationship between the drugs and the particles' charges. Experiments on long-term desorption carried out with DND/NSAID complexes indicate that the nanoparticles exert a sustained effect on the drug release process.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권11호
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• pp.936-941
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• 2010

The systematic approach to pharmacologic treatment is typically to begin with the safest, simplest, and most conservative measures. It has been realized that the more rapidly inflammation is under control, the less likely it is that there will be permanent sequelae. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the mainstay of initial treatment for inflammation. In addition, the slow-acting antirheumatic drugs (SAARDs) and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have efficacy of anti-inflammatory action in children with chronic arthritis. New therapeutic modalities for inflammation, such as etanercept and infliximab, promise even further improvements in the risk/benefit ratio of treatment. It is not typically possible at the onset of the disease to predict which children will recover and which will go on to have unremitting disease with lingering disability or enter adulthood with serious functional impairment. Therefore, the initial therapeutic approach must be vigorous in all children.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2019

Kounis syndrome is defined as the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome associated with vasoactive mediators, such as histamines in the setting of hypersensitivity and allergic reactions or anaphylactic insults. The condition can be caused by various drugs, foods, or environmental factors that cause allergic reactions. A 35-year-old male visited the emergency room with anaphylaxis accompanied by chest pain approximately 20 minutes after taking zaltoprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. After acute treatment for the anaphylaxis, the patient was stabilized and all symptoms disappeared, but the ischemic changes in the electrocardiogram and elevation of the cardiac enzymes were observed. The emergency cardiac angiography and echocardiography were all normal. The allergic reaction of this patient to zaltoprofen was believed to cause a temporary coronary arterial vasospasm, inducing Type 1 Kounis syndrome. Thus far, there have been case reports of Kounis syndrome caused by a range of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but there are no reports of the condition being caused by zaltoprofen. According to the pathophysiology, both cardiac and allergic symptoms must be solved simultaneously, so rapid treatment and diagnosis are needed. Doctors treating acute allergic reactions and anaphylaxis patients must check the cardiovascular symptoms thoroughly and consider the possibility of Kounis syndrome.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2015

Background & Object: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes ankylosis and deformation of axial joints. Since current medicine cannot cure the disease yet, alleviating pain and preventing deformation with medications are the main therapy for patients with AS. The key medications for these purposes include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) inhibitors. This study aims to analyze prescribing patterns of AS patients in South Korea. Method: National Patients Sample data compiled by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service from 2013 was analyzed. Patients with AS were identified with Korean Standard Classification of Diseases code-6, which was M45. The rates of prescription, discontinuation, and switching ingredients were calculated for each medication during 2013. Results: Total number of patients was 655, and most of them were male (n = 514, 78.5%). Of all age groups, the proportion of 30-40 year old patients was the greatest (35.1%). The most utilized drug class was NSAIDs (82.4%). Less than half of patients were prescribed $TNF-{\alpha}$ inhibitors (n = 212, 32.4%). Meloxicam, aceclofenac, and celecoxib were the most frequently prescribed NSAIDs. In case of $TNF-{\alpha}$ inhibitors, adalimumab, etanercept and infliximab were the top three most prescribed drugs. Although not recommended by the current practice guideline, significant proportions of patients were identified using disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Conclusion: Considering the current practice guideline and previous studies about the efficacy, the use of DMARDs should be reduced and medical insurance term in South Korea should be re-examined.

• 약학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1973

The pharmacological activities of paeoniflorin abtained from paeony roots, F$_M$100 from glycyrrhiza roots, crude saikosides from bupleurum roots, crude platycodin from platycodon roots, and bothj of ginsenoside Rb and ginsenoside Rg series from ginseng roots were investigated. Paeoniflorin, F$_M$ 100, crude saikosides, and crude platycodin exhibited sedative antipyretic, anlagesic and anti-ulcerative actions. In addition, crude saidosides and crude platycodin showed antitusaive and the potent anti-inflammatory action. An expectorant action was also observed with crude platycodin. These results coincided with the clinical applications of the aforementioned oriental medicinals. It also should be noted that crude saikosides nad crude platycodin are preferable to the other steroidal nad nonsteroidal drugs as an anti-inflammatory agent, because the drugs aggravate the digestive ulcer. In ginseng, G No3. and GNS frctions out of ginsenoside Rb series hsowed stimulant and antifatigue actions. The synergistic effects identified between paeoniflorin and F$_M$ 100 on the various pharmacological activities, have verified the reasonability of combined uses of two oriental drugs as Jakyak Gaqmcho-Tang.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.661-671
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• 2020

항암 요법의 실패의 주요 원인으로 암세포의 항암제에 대한 내성 획득이 잘 알려져 있다. 비스테로이드소염제(NSAID)는 항염증작용뿐만 아니라 항암제와의 병용요법으로 임상적인 암 치료 요법에 응용되고있다. 본 연구에서는 NSAIDs 인 celecoxib 및 이의 구조 유사체인 2,5-dimethyl celecoxib 그리고 ibuprofen의 인간 암세포에 대한 imatinib 및 TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) 세포 독성 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. NSAID는 TRAIL 및 imatinib에 각각 약제 내성을 나타내는 간암 세포와 백혈병 세포에서 이들 약물의 세포독성을 증강시키는 활성을 나타내었다. NSAID는 ATF4/CHOP의 발현 증강으로 소포체 스트레스 및 오토파지(Autophagy, 자가포식)를 유도하였다. 이로 인한 DR5 발현 증강과 함께 c-FLIP 발현 억제로 TRAIL의 세포독성을 증강시키는 기전을 나타내었다. NSAID로 유도되는 오토파지 활성은 imatinib-resistant CD44^highK562 백혈병세포의 imatinib 감수성을 증강시켰으며, NSAID는 이 세포에서 높은 발현을 나타내는 다양한 stemness-related marker 단백질의 발현 감소를 촉진시키는 활성으로 세포사멸을 유도하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 NSAID의 오토파지 유도 활성이 TRAIL과 imatinib의 세포 독성을 증강시키는 것으로서, NSAID와 이들 약물과 병용 처리방법은 인간 암세포의 TRAIL 및 imatinib 내성을 극복 시킴과 동시에 암세포에 이들 약물의 독성 부작용을 감소시킬 수 있는 낮은 농도의 처리를 가능하게 할 것으로 사료된다.