• 생태와환경
• /
• 제51권1호
• /
• pp.135-147
• /
• 2018

In order to investigate the runoff characteristics of nonpoint source pollutants in the Lake Doam watershed, water quality and flow rate were monitored for 38-rainfall events from 2009 to 2016. The EMC values of SS, COD, TN and TP were in the range of 33~2,169, 3.5~56.9, 0.09~7.65 and $0.06{\sim}2.21mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. As a result of analyzing the effect of rainfall factor on the nonpoint source pollutant load, EMCs of SS, COD and TP showed a statistically significant correlation with rainfall (RA) (p<0.01) and SS showed highly significant correlation with maximum rainfall intensity (MRI, R=0.48). The load ranges of SS, COD, TN and TP were 10.4~11,984.6, 1.1~724.4, 0.6~51.6 and $0.03{\sim}22.85ton\;event^{-1}$, respectively, showing large variation depending on the characteristics of rainfall events. The effect of rainfall on the load was analyzed. SS, COD and TP showed a positive correlation, but TN did not show any significant correlation. The annual load of SS was the highest with $88,645tons\;year^{-1}$ in 2011 when rainfall was the highest with 1,669 mm. The result of impact analysis of nonpoint source pollution reduction project and land-use change on runoff load showed that pollutant load significantly reduced from 2009 to 2014 but SS and TP loads were increased from 2014 to 2016 due to increase in construction area. Therefore, we suggested that nonpoint source pollution abatement plan should be continued to reduce the soil loss and pollutants during rainfall, and countermeasures to reduce nonpoint source pollution due to construction need to be established.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제19권7호
• /
• pp.907-915
• /
• 2010

Agriculture nonpoint pollution source is a significant contributor to water quality degradation. To establish effective water quality control policy, environpolitics establishment person must be able to estimate nonpoint source loads to lakes and streams. To meet this need for orchard area, we investigated a real rainfall runoff phenomena about it. We developed nonpoint source runoff estimation models for vineyard area that has lots of fertilizer, compost specially between agricultural areas. Data used in nonpoint source estimation model gained from real measuring runoff loads and it surveyed for two years(2008-2009 year) about vineyard. Nonpoint source runoff loads estimation models were composed of using independent variables(rainfall, storm duration time(SDT), antecedent dry weather period(ADWP), total runoff depth(TRD), average storm intensity(ASI), average runoff intensity(ARI)). Rainfall, total runoff depth and average runoff intensity among six independent variables were specially high related to nonpoint source runoff loads such as BOD, COD, TN, TP, TOC and SS. The best regression model to predict nonpoint source runoff load was Model 6 and regression factor of all water quality items except for was $R^2=0.85$.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.750-757
• /
• 2008

This study is conducted to characterize and evaluate delivered pollutant loads of point and nonpoint source on the upper watershed of lake paldang. The study area consists of 12 watersheds in Namhan-river and Kyungahcheon, which are approximately 80% of total area of Namhan-river and Kyungahcheon. Based on daily delivered loads from watersheds, 61% of $BOD_5$, 81% of T-N and 70% of T-P were from nonpoint sources, suggesting that delivered loads of nonpoint pollutants be crucial to water quality. On the other hand, 78% of $BOD_5$, 92% of T-N and 87% of T-P as delivered load were from nonpoint sources in an upper watershed of Namhan-river, while 48% of $BOD_5$, 70% of T-N and 57% of T-P as delivered load were from nonpoint sources in a lower watershed of Namhan-river, suggesting higher dependency of point sources than upper watershed of Namhan-river. In the characteristic of delivered loading pollutants from point and nonpoint pollution sources, delivered load of nonpoint pollutants differed significantly by seasonal flow, and as though discharged load of point pollutants were yearly uniform, delivered load of point pollutants was found to be flow-dependent because its delivery ratio was changed.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.452-457
• /
• 2008

Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is caused by rainfall moving over and through the ground. As the runoff moves, it picks up and carries away various pollutants from NPS. The discharge pattern of NPS pollutant loads is affected by the distribution of the rainfall during the year. This study analysed relationship between the rainfall event and the stream flow rate, and estimated the rainfall discharge ratio on the specific design flow which can be used as nonpoint discharge coefficient for the estimation of NPS pollution load. It is considered that nonpoint discharge coefficient can be effectively used for the calculation of NPS pollution load at the time of water quality modelling for the management of Total maximum daily load (TMDL).

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.860-870
• /
• 2010

Long term monthly monitoring data showed that the water quality of streams flowing into Lake Paldang has been improved by various strategy for water. However, the effect of quality on Lake Paldang is still insufficient because of nonpoint source from watershed. In order to evaluate quantifying methods for pollution source and make a suggestion on improvements, Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was constructed by using data set from the water quality and streamflow monitoring network in the Kyoungan watershed for Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). Load duration curve (LDC) based on the result of the Kyoungan watershed SWMM indicated that the water quality criterion on $BOD_5$ was often exceeded in up-stream than down-stream. From flowrate-load correlation curve, SS load significantly increased as streamflow increases. 75.3% of streamflow and 62.1% of $BOD_5$ loads is discharged especially in the zone of high flows, but monitoring data set didn't provide proper information about the conditions and the patterns associated with storm events. Therefore, it is necessary to acquire representative data set for comparing hydrograph and pollutograph through monitoring experimental watershed and to establish methods for quantifying point and nonpoint source pollutant loads.

• 한국관개배수논문집
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.283-292
• /
• 2006

The characteristics of nonpoint source pollutant loads in upstream of Nakdong River were studied through analysis of pollutant loads of 10 sub-watersheds divided based on administrative district. The discharge and pollutant concentration of each sub-watershed were collected from Nakdong-River Water Research Institute and Daegu Regional Environmental office, respectively. Pollution items analysed in this study were BOD, T-N and T-P. The delivery loads of the nonpoint source pollutions of each sub-watershed were calculated after analysing the concentration of the pollution of each site. Several points were found from the results. Firstly, in general, city areas including Sangju, Andong showed higher degree of nonpoint pollution than country areas including Cheongsong, Yeongyang. The sub-watersheds located upstream side, such as Yeongju, Bonghwa, Necessarily show better water quality than the sub-watersheds located downstream side, such as Mungyeong, Uiseong. This result indicates that a given pollution condition within the watershed can be more sensitive than location factor to the level of water quality. Secondly, the delivery load and area of watershed were not necessarily correlated in the sense of water quality, while the discharge was shown to be highly correlated to the delively load of pollution. Lastly, sewage and waste caused from population and livestock, as well as landuse factor, were found to significantly contribute to the water pollution. Alternative solutions for controlling pollution source, therefore, should be provided to meet target levels of water quality in these regions.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제62권1호
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 2020

The objective of this study was to assess the livestock nonpoint source pollutant impact on water quality in Namgang dam watershed using the HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran) model. The input data for the HSPF model was established using the landcover, digital elevation, and watershed and river maps. In order to apply the pollutant load to the HSPF model, the delivery load of the livestock nonpoint source in the Namgang dam watershed was calculated and used as a point pollutant input data for the HSPF model. The hydrologic and water quality parameters of HSPF model were calibrated and validated using the observed runoff data from 2007 to 2015 at Sancheong station. The R² (Determination Coefficient), RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient), and RMAE (Relative Mean Absolute Error) were used to evaluate the model performance. The simulation results for annual mean runoff showed that R² ranged 0.79~0.81, RMSE 1.91~2.73 mm/day, NSE 0.7~0.71 and RMAE 0.37~0.49 mm/day for daily runoff. The simulation results for annual mean BOD for RMSE ranged 0.99~1.13 mg/L and RMAE 0.49~0.55 mg/L, annual mean TN for RMSE ranged 1.65~1.72 mg/L and RMAE 0.55 mg/L, and annual mean TP for RMSE ranged 0.043~0.055 mg/L and RMAE 0.552~0.570 mg/L. As a result of livestock nonpoint pollutant loading simulation for each sub-watersehd using the HSPF model, the BOD ranged 16.6~163 kg/day, TN ranged 27.5~337 kg/day, TP ranged 1.22~14.1 kg/day.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.61-69
• /
• 1999

1. 방동저수지 상류 5개 토지이용별 유출수량과 수질조사를 실시하고 비점오염원 원단위를 산정 하였다. 산지에서 SS 84kg/ha/년, BOD 4.2kg/ha/년, COD 15kg/ha/년, T-P 0.1kg/ha/년, T-N 1.1kg/ha/년으로 배출부하원단위가 가장 작았다. 거주지역에서 SS 319kg/ha/년, BOD 34kg/ha/년, COD 98kg/ha/년, T-P 5.6kg/ha/년, T-N 8.7kg/ha/년으로 배출부하 원단위가 가장 많았다. 2. 비점오염원은 강우-유출과 관련이 있어 전체 비점오염원의 약 46%가 7~8월에 유출되며, 건기인 10월에서 4월까지는 연간 총량의 약20%, 5월에서 9월까지는 약80%가 유출된다. 3. 유기물질인 SS, BOD, COD는 거주지역에서, 영양물질인 T-N은 논 밭지역에서 T-P는 논 밭 거주지역 및 방목지에서 많이 유출되고 있다. 4. T-N, T-P 등 영양물질이 농지에서 많이 유출되어 저수지와 같은 폐쇄수역에 부영양화로 인한 수질악화의 원인이 된다. 비점오염원이 우기에 집중배출되어 공공수역에 큰 오염원으로 작용하므로 도시하천을 이용한 비점오염원 관리방안과 비점오염원 발생원 저감방안을 적극 추진하여야 한다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.474-480
• /
• 2017

This study was to estimate the reduction effect of nonpoint source pollutants according to the rainfall intensity and drainage of infiltration grate inlet. Soil infiltration flow was measured on-site and SS load by the filter part was calculated by the experimental data in laboratory reactor test. Soil infiltration flow was measured to be about $1m^3/hr$ in soil condition saturated with water. The filter part of the infiltration grate inlet was a hydraulic equipment unhindered by soil infiltration on the bottom of the storage tank, because the infiltration flow was measured to be about $3m^3/hr$ continuously in the closing infiltration hole condition. Infiltration flow and SS load were over about $1m^3/hr$ and 1.71 kg according to laboratory results by the filter part using the artifical sample. Therefore, the above values could be presented as the limitted value to start the reduction of filtration effect. Reduction efficiencies of SS load by the filter part for the rainfall intensity were about 87 % at 5 mm/hr and about 61 % at 10 mm/hr in consideration of one infiltration grate inlet got the drainage area about $200m^2$. The reduction efficiency of nonpoint source pollutants was very effective in the first flush rainfall. However, the reduction efficiency by rainfall density was higher than by flow.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2008년도 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
• /
• pp.437-440
• /
• 2008

In recent years, pollution load calculation has become a topic for research that resulted in the development of numerous GIS modeling methods. The existing pollution method for nonpoint source (NPS) can not be indentified and calculated the amount of the pollution precisely. This research shows that the association of typical pollutant concentrations with land uses in a watershed can provide a reasonably accurate characterization of nonpoint source pollution in the watershed using Expected Mean Concentrations (EMC). The GIS based pollution assessment method is performed for three pollutant constituents: BOD, TN, and TP. First, the runoff grid by means of the precipitation grid and runoff coefficient is estimated. Then, the NPS pollution loads are calculated by grid based method. Finally, the final outputs are evaluated by statistical technique. The results illustrate the merits of the approach. This model verified that GIS based method of estimating spatially distributed NPS pollution loads can lead to more accurate representation of the real world.