• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

In this study, column tests using relatively uniform Jumunjin sand media were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of calcium polysulfide (CaS_x, CPS) in removing high concentration of Zn²⁺ in groundwater. The injected CPS solution reacted rapidly with Zn²⁺ in artificial groundwater and effectively reduced Zn²⁺ by more than 99% through metal sulfide precipitation. Since the density (d = 1.27 g/cm³ ) of CPS solution was greater than that of water, CPS solution settled down rapidly while capturing Zn²⁺ and formed stable CPS layer similar to dense nonaqueous phase liquid. Mass balance analysis on Zn²⁺ in CPS solution suggested that CPS solution effectively reacted with Zn²⁺ to form metal sulfide precipitates except for high groundwater seepage velocity of 400 cm/d. With greater groundwater seepage velocity, injected CPS did not completely dissolve at the CPS-water interface, but a partially-misible CPS layer continuously moved and reacted with Zn²⁺+ in the direction of groundwater flow. Since hydraulic conductivity (K_h) decreased slightly due to the generated metal precipitates in the inter-pores of media, injection of CPS solution should be optimized to prevent clogging. As evidenced by both XRF and SEM/EDS results, ZnS precipitates were clearly observed through the reaction between the CPS solution and Zn²⁺. Further study is warranted to evaluate the feasibility of CPS to remove high-concentration heavy metalcontaminated groundwater in complex and heterogeneous media.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2010

The partitioning tracer method is to estimate the residual saturation of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) in soils by analyzing tracer's retardation induced by the reversible partitioning of tracer with NAPL. This study is to estimate the residual diesel saturation in soils using the partitioning tracer method. Two-dimensional soil box was used to represent the 2-dimensional flows of groundwater and tracer solution in the saturated aquifer, and the soil box was filled with soil and then saturated with water. The residual diesel saturation was induced in saturated soil, and the partitioning tracer method was applied. The results from batch-partitioning experiment indicated that the diesel-water partitioning was linear with respect to tracer's concentration, and the partition coefficient of tracer between diesel and water was measured by their linearities. The groundwater flow in the saturated aquifer was simulated in the 2-dimensional soil box, and the residual diesel contamination was visually identified. The results from the partitioning tracer method with or without diesel in soils confirmed that 4-methyl-2-pentanol, 2-ethyl-1-butanol and 1-hexanol, can be used as a detecting method for diesel contamination. By the accuracies of estimations for diesel contamination using the partitioning tracer method, 2-ethyl-1- butanol showed the highest accuracy with 83%.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2009

The redox characteristics of 2-arylaldehydehydrazono-3-phenyl-5-substituted-2, 3-dihydro-1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles (1a-h) have been investigated in nonaqueous solvents such as 1, 2-dichloroethane (DCE), dichloromethane (DCM), acetonitrile (AN), Tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at platinum electrode. Through controlled potential electrolysis, the oxidation and reduction products of the investigated compounds had been separated and indentified. The redox mechanism had been suggested and proved. It had been found that all the investigated compounds were oxidized in two irreversible one-electron processes following the well-known pattern of The EC-mechanism; the first electron loss gives the corresponding cation-radical which is followed by proton removal from the ortho-position in the N-phenyl ring forming the radical. The obtained radical undergoes a second electron uptake from the nitrogen in the N = C group forming the unstable intermediate (di-radical cation) which undergoes ring closure forming the corresponding cation. The formed cation was stabilized in solution through its combination with a perchlorate anion from the medium. On the other hand, these compounds are reduced in a single two-electron process or in a successive two one-electron processes following the well known pattern of the EEC-mechanism according to the nature of the substituent; the first one gives the anion-radical followed by a second electron reduction to give the dianion which is basic enough to abstract protons from the media to saturate the (C = O) bond.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.50-54
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• 1994

흐름주입법에 의하여 분광광도법으로 몇 가지 가벼운 란탄족 원소를 정량하였다. Chromeazurol S는 양이온 계면활성제인 DTAB존재하에서 란탄족 이온과 착물을 형성한다. Tris 완충용액(pH 10.5)에서 이 착물의 최대흡수파장은 650 nm 에서 655 nm범위이고 몰흡광계수는 약 $1.8{\times}10^5\;L mol^{-1}cm^{-1}$였다. FIA에 의한 Nd(III), Eu(III) 및 Sm(III)의 검정곡선은 0.1 ~ 0.6 ppm에서 직선관계를 보였고, 이 검정곡선의 상관계수(${\gamma}$)는 0.9993이였다. 검출한계(S/N)는 Nd(III)과 Eu(III)에 대하여는 10 ppb이고, Sm(III)에 대하여는 20 ppb였다. 상대표준편차는 시료 0.4 ppm에 대하여 약 ${\pm}$1.2%이고, 시료의 분석 속도는 약 $50hr^{-1}$였다.

• 분석과학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.97-101
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• 2002

Co(II)착물들을 세자리 Schiff base-NOIPH, 네자리 Schiff base-$NOTDH_2$ 및 $TNBPH_4$ 로부터 합성하였으며, 이 착물들의 산화-환원 과정 mecanism을 지지 전해질로서 0.1 M TBAP를 포함한 DMF용액에서 작업전극으로 유리질 탄소전극을 사용하여 순환 전압-전류법과 펄스 차이 전압-전류법에 의해서 알아 보았다. [Co(II)$(NOIP)_2$]와 [Co(II)(NOTD)$(H_2O)_2$] 착물의 환원은 Co(III)/Co(II)의 반응이 비가역적으로 진행되고 Co(II)/Co(I)의 반응이 준가역적으로 진행되는 일전자의 2단계반응이 확산 지배적으로 일어났다. 반면에 [$Co(II)_2$(TNBP)] 착물의 환원반응은 $Co(II)_2$가 Co(II)/Co(I)로 진행되는 준가역적이며 일전자 일단계의 반응이 확산지배적으로 일어났다.

• 공업화학
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.320-325
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 재래식 및 마이크로파 합성법을 통하여 비수계 유기용매인 diethanolamine을 용매로 하여 초산니켈 수용액과 히드라진 수화물로부터 니켈 분말을 합성하였다. X선 회절분석, 주사 전자현미경 분석, 열분석 및 X선 광전자 분광기 분석등을 통하여 마이크로파의 비열적 효과 및 반응 조건이 니켈분말의 합성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 재래식 합성과 비교해보면, 마이크로파를 이용한 합성에서 마이크로파의 비열적 효과에 기인하여 상대적으로 응집이 적게 일어나고, 입자 크기는 작고, 입도 분포는 균일하였다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 1992

착물들의 자기성과 스펙트라의 성질은 d 궤도 함수의 퇴화에 대한 분열과 자외선 가시 분광학적 방법으로 비수용액 속에서 조사하였다. 10Dq의 에너지 크기는 착물들의 스펙트라와 결합에너지 그리고 스핀상태로부터 얻어졌다. 전기화학적 거동은 순환전압 전류법에 의해 측정하였다. 이들의 환원 피크는 Ag/AgCl 전극으로 20mV/s에서 $[(C_6H_5)3_P]_2Pd(II)(CH_3COO)_2$는 $E_{pc1} = -1.32 V,\;E_{pc2} = -1.56 V$이고, 그리고 $[(C_6H_5)_3Pd]_2Pd(II)Cl_2$에서는 $E_{pc1} = -1.74 V,\;E_{pc2} = -1.88 V$로 일전자 비가역적인 과정이었다. 그러나 $Ni^{2+}$ 착물에서는 환원성으로 되지 않았다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2005년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.6
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• pp.324-327
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• 2005

An electrophoretic display using $TiO_2$ particles is the most promising candidate because it offers various advantages such as ink-on-paper appearance, good contrast ratio, wide viewing angle, image stability in the off-state and extremely low power consumption. The core technology of electrophoretic display is the dispersion controlling of $TiO_2$ nano particles in nonaqueous solution. To prepare an ink for electronic paper using electrophoretic properties of $TiO_2$ nano particles, cyclohexane with low dielectric constant and transparency, polyethylene for producing polymer coating layer which reduces apparent gravity of $TiO_2$, and $TiO_2$ powders were mixed together by planetary-mill. The zeta-potential value of $TiO_2$ particles in cyclohexane was measured about -40mV, but was measured over -110mV by dispersant attached to polyethylene-coated $TiO_2$ surface. Prepared electronic ink was filled in cross patterned micro-wall with $200{\mu}m$ in width and $40{\mu}m$ in height on ITO glass designed by photolithography. The response time of electronic paper evaluated by mobility of $TiO_2$ particle between micro-walls was measured 0.067sec, but the drift velocity from reflectance wave form during reverse from of electronic ink was measured 0.07cm/sec.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.195-200
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• 1993

The neutral, reduced, and oxidized 2,2-trans isomers of $Rh_2(ap)_4$ (ap=2-anilinopyridinate) were investigated with respect to dioxygen binding in $CH_2Cl_2$ containing 0.1 M tetrabutyl-ammonium perchlorate. $Rh_2(ap)_4$ binds dioxygen in nonaqueous media and forms a $Rh^{II}Rh^{III}$ superoxide complex, $Rh_2(ap)_4(O_2)$. This neutral species was isolated and is characterized by UV-visible and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and cyclic voltammetry. It can be reduced by one electron at $E_{1/2}$ = -0.45 V vs. SCE in $CH_2Cl_2$ and gives ${[Rh_2(ap)_4(O_2)]}^-$ as demonstrated by the ESR spectrum of a frozen solution taken after controlled potential reduction. The superoxide ion in ${[Rh_2(ap)_4(O_2)]}^-$ is axially bound to one of the two rhodium ions, both of which are in a +2 oxidation state. $Rh_2(ap)_4(O_2)$ can also be stepwise oxidized in two one-electron transfer steps at $E_{1/2}$ = 0.21 V and 0.85 V vs. SCE in $CH_2Cl_2$ and gives ${[Rh_2(ap)_4(O_2)]}^+$ followed by ${[Rh_2(ap)_4(O_2)]}^{2+}$. ESR spectra demonstrate that the singly oxidized complex is best described as ${[Rh^{II}Rh^{III}(ap)_4(O_2)]}^+$ where the odd electron is delocalized on both of the two rhodium ions and the axial ligand is molecular oxygen.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.489-501
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• 1997

일정한 전류하에서 내방사선성이 우수한 2-vinylnaphthalene(2-VN)과 methylmethacrylate(MMA)의 전기중합을 탄소섬유 표면 위에서 실시하였다. 단량체의 용해도 증대를 위해 N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF)를 용매로 사용하고, 질산나트륨을 전해질로 하여 전기중합을 실시하였다. 탄소섬유-2VN/MMA의 프리프레그 제조는 1:1 비율의 공단량체 용액 조성하에서 실시되었다. 본 전기중합 실험에서는 전류 밀도, 공단량체 농도, 전해질 농도와 반응시간에 따라 탄소섬유 표면에서 얻어지는 수율을 열중량분석기(TGA)로 측정하였다. 600~800mA/g 전류밀도에서 50wt%의 최대 수율을 얻을 수 있었으며, 800mA/g 이상에서는 수율이 급격히 감소하였다. 농도에 따라 수율이 증가하였지만 전해질 농도에는 영향이 없었다. 초기반응시간 약 30분 동안에 20wt%의 빠른 수율증가가 관찰되었다. 최대 수율을 얻을 수 있는 최적 조건하에서 제조된 프리프레그를 이용하여 탄소섬유 복합재료를 제조하였으며 $^{60}Co$ $\gamma$-ray 조사 전후의 표면형태학적 변화를 통해 내방사선성을 조사하였다.