• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.185-209
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• 2023

The air travel industry, which had shrunk with COVID-19, is gaining wings again. Accordingly, this study investigated whether non-verbal communication factors experienced through interaction with airline flight attendants for passengers who have traveled abroad within the past year through domestic airlines affect customer engagement and brand intimacy. A total of 285 samples were collected, and SPSS 28 and AMOS 26 programs were used to verify the reliability and validity of the research tool, the suitability of the model, and hypotheses. As a result of the empirical study analysis, it was confirmed that Paralanguage and Proxemics in non-verbal communication of flight attendants had a significant effect on customer engagement. Although it is different from the results of previous studies following changes in perspective after COVID-19, it once again confirmed the importance of airline crew communication in providing face-to-face services at the interface with passengers. In order to induce customer engagement, which is a new customer satisfaction management index. In addition, it was confirmed that customer engagement has a significant effect on brand intimacy. These results support the view that it is necessary to establish new customer management indicators of emotion and relationship marketing in the existing marketing centered on price reduction or securing loyalty. It was confirmed that interactions with flight attendants can contribute to customer engagement, and these results have important implications for those working in the air transportation industry.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.329-341
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the types of subjectivity on communication styles of nursing freshmen and explore their properties by using the Q Methodology. Fifty nursing freshmen of P sample classified 55 Q-statements into the normal distribution of 11 point scale. Data were collected from May to June, 2015 and analyzed by using PC-QUANL program. As a result, communication styles are identified as 'Open-interaction facilitator', 'Other-considerate listener', 'Tense-sensitive to criticism person', and 'Non-interactive observer'. Open-interaction facilitators proficiently use verbal and nonverbal expressions, openly disclosing themselves and facilitating interactions with others. Other-considerate listeners primarily consider others before themselves, with careful communication. Tense-sensitive to criticism persons are nervous, sensitive to criticism, and are distractive style, so they have difficulties in intimate interaction with others. Non-interactive observers are bystanders who observe others and feel indifferent to interactions, without any self disclosure. The result of this study will be used for developing communication educational programs for nursing freshmen.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.631-653
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• 2020

Sign language is a natural, visually oriented and non-verbal communication channel between people that facilitates communication through facial/bodily expressions, postures and a set of gestures. It is basically used for communication with people who are deaf or hard of hearing. In order to understand such communication quickly and accurately, the design of a successful sign language translation system is considered in this paper. The proposed system includes object detection and classification stages. Firstly, Single Shot Multi Box Detection (SSD) architecture is utilized for hand detection, then a deep learning structure based on the Inception v3 plus Support Vector Machine (SVM) that combines feature extraction and classification stages is proposed to constructively translate the detected hand gestures. A sign language fingerspelling dataset is used for the design of the proposed model. The obtained results and comparative analysis demonstrate the efficiency of using the proposed hybrid structure in sign language translation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.483-496
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to describe how Korean nurses overcome the language barrier while working in the U.S. hospital settings. Twelve Korean nurses living in New York metropolitan area were asked open-ended, descriptive questions to collect the data. The interviews were done in Korean. All interviews were audiotaped under the permission of the participants and were transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed using grounded theory analysis. The research process consisted of two phases. In the first phase 8 Korean nurses were interviewed and analyzed. In the second phase, further data were collected to verify categories and working hypotheses that were emerged from the first phase. The results of this study show that all Korean nurses experienced severe psychological stress such as confusion, anxiety, frustration, loss of self-confidence, embarrassment, guilt, depression, anger, and fear. Among the mode of communication such as listening, speaking, leading, and writing, they had the most difficulty in speaking. Speaking ability was especially important for them because of the emphasis of individualism and self-defense in the U.S. Among the verbal communication modes, non-face-to-face communications such as phone conversation and body language were the most difficu1t for them to overcome. It took at least 2 years for the participants to initially overcome the language barrier in U.S. hospitals. After 2-5 years they began to feel comfortable even in non-face-to-face communication. They could actively search for the better place to work after 5 years. They finally felt comfortable in English and in their job almost after 10 years. The factors that influenced the English improvement were ‘the years of clinical experience in Korea’, ‘the decade they came to the U.S.’ ‘coming to U.S. alone or with other Korean nurses’, ‘racial homogeneity or heterogeneity of the working unit’, and ‘the degree of social support’. The strategies Korean nurses used to overcome the language barrier included depending on the written communication, using ‘nunchi’, working and studying hard, and establishing good interpersonal relationships with co-workers. They also employed assertive behavior of the U.S., such as using more explicit verbal language and employing smiles and eye contact with others during the conversation. The results of the study may help Korean nurses and nursing students who try to work in U.S. hospital settings by understanding problems other Korean nurses faced, factors that influenced their English improvement, and strategies they used. They may also help U.S. nurses and administrators in developing and implementing efficient programs for newly employed Korean nurses by understanding major problems and feelings the Korean nurses experienced and strategies they used to overcome the language barriers.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 2003

As a means of overcoming the linguistic barrier between different languages in the Internet, a new sign-language communication system with CG animation techniques has been developed and proposed. In the system, the joint angles of the arms and the hands corresponding to the gesture as a non-verbal communication tool have been considered. The emotional expression, however, could as play also an important role in communicating each other. Especially, a comic expression is more efficient than real facial expression, and the movements of the cheeks and the jaws are more important AU's than those of the eyebrow, eye, mouth etc. Therefore, in this paper, we designed a 3D emotion editor using 2D model, and we extract AU's (called as PAU, here) which play a principal function in expressing emotions. We also proposed a method of generating the universal emotional expression with Avatar models which have different vertex structures. Here, we employed a method of dynamically adjusting the AU movements according to emotional intensities. The proposed system is implemented with Visual C＋＋ and Open Inventor on windows platforms. Experimental results show a possibility that the system could be used as a non-verbal communication means to overcome the linguistic barrier.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.43-84
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• 1978

미국에 이민 온 한 한국가정을(정씨 가족) 대상으로 세 번의 면담 (interview) 및 art session을 통해서 이 핵가족 및 확대가족을 다음과 같은 방법으로 분석하여 가족의 유형(family Pattern)과 관계된 이론적 모델(Theocratical model)을 理이해하고 변화되고 있는 Health Program에 있어 간호원이 "변화인자(change agent)"로써의 역활을 재발견하고자한다. 이러한 방법은 가족 및 간호과학에 새로운 접근법이며 간호의 영역이 얼마만큼 확대될 수 있는가를 나타내고 있다. (1) Toman의 Family Cnstellation 이론과 일치되는 점 및 일치되지 않는 점 (2) 한국인 핵가족에서 관찰된 비언어적 의사소통(non-verbal communication)및 이것과 Scheflen의 이론과의 관계 (3) family Theory Bowen의 "differentiation of self"와 "family projection Process"이론에 의한 분석 (4) 핵가족에서 관찰된 상호작용 유형(interactional pattern)을 분석 (5) Art Session을 통해서 관찰된 사항 및 Critique 결과적으로 이 핵가족은 사회적 가치관이 변화된데서 오는 갈등에 직면하고 있다. 우리 나라의 확대가족에서 강조된 경치관은 가족을 하나의 전체로써 보는 "우리 (we-ness)"였는데 이것은 일상사용하고 있는 언어에도 영향을 미치고 있는 것을 볼 수 있어 즉, "내 동생 (my sister)"이라고 하는 대신 "우리 동생 (our sister)"이라고 하는데 여기에서 언어가 뜻하는 의미와는 거리가 먼 것을 알 수 있다. 정씨 부부는 미국적 정치관을 인식해서 그들의 상호작용 유형을 긍정적이고 개방적인 토의방법으로(positive open-discuses) 접근해야 한다. 이 핵가족의 부부는 둘 다 유교사상이 강조된 가정에서 자라나, 이 부부가 결혼한지 오 년이나 되었으나 언어적 의사소통이 (verbal communication)굉장히 제한된 것을 쓸 수 있다. 인간의 경험들은 인간이 접하고 있는 사회와의 상호작용에 의해서 결정된다. 사회가 배화함에 따라서 가족도 변화할 것이다. "변화는 언제나 사회에서 부터 가족으로 온다. 이 변화는 절대 작은 단위에서 큰 단위로 오는 것이 아니다.…그러나 가족구조는(family structure) 환경이 변화함에 따라서 적응해야 한다."라고 Minuchin이 지적한 것 같이 정씨 부부가 직면하고 있는 여러 가지 갈등은 이 핵가족이 그들의 가치관 및 상호 작용유형을 변형(repattering) 시키므로써, 복잡하고 다양한 미국사회에서 성장할 수 있는 좋은 기회를 만들어 주고 있다. 세 번의 면담시간은 각 30분이었으나 Volume 생략한 것을 부기하여 둔다.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.267-275
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a medication self-management education program on medication awareness, communication with health care provider, medication misuse behavior, and blood pressure in elders with hypertension. Methods: The research design for this study was a non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental design. Participants were 23 elders for the control group, and 26 elders for the experimental group. The experimental group participated in the medication self-management education program which included the following, verbal education, 1:1 consultation, practice in medication self-management, and discussion over 5 sessions. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 program. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the experimental and control group for medication awareness, medication misuse behavior, and communication with health care providers. However, no significant difference was found between the two groups for blood pressure. Conclusion: The results indicate that the education program is effective in improving medication awareness and communication with health care providers and in decreasing medication misuse behavior. Therefore, it is recommended that this education program be used as an effective intervention for improving medication self-management for elders with hypertension.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.194-197
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• 2021

End-of-life assessments aim to help dying patients and their families plan clinical interventions in advance and prepare them for a peaceful end of life, in which the patient accepts life and death, and the family accepts the patient's departure. It is important to assess whether death is imminent within a few days, because critical hospice care is provided intensively during that period. The following five changes constitute objective evidence of the end of life: diminished daily living performance, decreased food intake, changes in consciousness and increased sleep quantity, worsening of respiratory distress, and end-stage delirium. As subjective evidence, it is suggested that sensitive perceptions of experienced nurses and the feelings of family members caring for patients should also be considered. When notifying a patient or family members that the end of life is approaching, the members of the multidisciplinary hospice team must communicate with each other, share accurate information, and provide consistent explanations. They must also listen to non-verbal communication in an empathic and supportive manner.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.365-372
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• 2015

Augmentative and Alternative Communication(AAC) is the widespread supporting plan to solve the communication problem of the people with communication disorder. AAC means various types of non-verbal communication methods that are used to augment or substitute the communications of using speech. With the increasing number of potential Korean AAC users, the demands for AAC are also increasing. In spite of the increasing demands, AAC is not being actively and practically used. In this paper, we implemented a web-based AAC board making system, where the board-makers (special educators and speech therapists) can create and share the customized boards to help the board-users (people with communication disorder). The web-based AAC board making system contributes to the application of AAC in many societies, such as hospitals, schools, companies, or anywhere the AAC intervention is needed.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.91-100
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• 2000

As non-verbal communication medium, clothing has various form to express the artist's statement, for example, flattened clothing. On this thesis, three flattened clothing are analyzed, these works convey the meanings, 1) tradition/ contemporary 2) cynical attitude about body 9) new concept to wear