• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.94-104
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the spatial variation in land use and topographic effects on water quality at the Geum river watershed in South Korea, using the ordinary least squares(OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. Understanding the complex interactions between land use, slope, elevation, and water quality is essential for water pollution control and watershed management. We monitored four water quality indicators -total phosphorus, total nitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand, and dissolved oxygen levels - across three land use types (urban, agricultural, and forested) and two topographic features (elevation and mean slope). Results from GWR modeling revealed that land use and topography did not affect water quality consistently through space, but instead exhibited substantial spatial non-stationarity. The GWR model performed better than the OLS model as it produced a higher adjusted $R^2$ value. Spatial variation in interactions among variables could be visualized by mapping $R^2$ values from the GWR model at fine spatial resolution. Using the GWR model, we were able to identify local pollution sources, determine habitat status, and recommend appropriate land-use planning policies for watershed management.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 2016

Purpose: Up to 90% of pancreatic cancer patients suffer from neuropathic pain. In a palliative care setting, pain control in pancreatic cancer patient is one of the major goals. Ketamine is a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, effective in neuropathic pain. Additionally, there have been studies about the opioid sparing effect of ketamine. This study was held in the palliative care unit among pancreatic cancer patients to determine the factors related to ketamine use and the opioid sparing effect. Methods: The medical records of pancreatic cancer patients admitted to St. Mary's hospital palliative care unit between January, 2013 and December, 2014 were reviewed. Patients were divided into 2 categories according to ketamine use. Also, opioid use before and after ketamine use was compared in the ketamine group. Results: Compared to the non-ketamine use group, patients in the ketamine group required a higher dose of opioid. The total opioid dose, daily opioid dose, number of daily rescue medications, and daily average rescue dose were statistically significantly higher in the ketamine group. The opioid requirement was increased after ketamine administration. Conclusion: In this retrospective study, ketamine was frequently considered in patients with severe pain, requiring higher amount of opioid. Studies about palliative use of ketamine in a larger number of patients with diverse types of cancer pain are required in the future.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.120-128
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• 2015

In this paper, Residential roof top photovoltaic system with 9.9 kW design is proposed. The system composed of 200 Watts solar array 33 panels connecting in series 10 strings and parallels 3 strings which have maximum voltage and current are 350 V and 23.8 A. The 10 kW sinusoidal grid-connected inverter with window voltage about 270-350 is selected to convert and transfer DC Power to AC Power at PCC (Point of Common Coupling) of power system following to utility standard. However the impact of fluctuation and uncertainty of weather condition of PV may decrease the voltage stability and voltage collapse of power system. In order to solve this problem the energy storage such 120 V 1200 Ah battery bank and 30 kVAR capacitor are designed for voltage stability control. The other expensed for installing the system such battery charger, cable, accessories and maintenance cost are concerned. The economic analysis by using investment from money loan with interest about 7% and use own money which loss income of deposit about 3% are calculated as 671,844 and 547,044 for PV system with energy storage and non energy storage respectively. The solar energy from PV is about 101,616 Bath per year which evaluated by using the value of $5kWh/m^2/day$ from average peak sun hour (PSH) of the Thailand and 6.96 Bath/kWh of Feed in Tariff Incentive. The payback periods of four scenarios are proposed follow as i) PV system with energy storage and use loan money is 15 years ii) PV system with no energy storage and use loan money is 10 years iii) PV system with energy storage and use deposit money is 9 years iv) PV system with energy storage and use deposit money is 7 years. In addition, the other scenarios of economic analysis such no FIT support and other type of economic analysis such NPV and IRR are proposed in this paper.

• Forest Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.181-191
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• 2018

This study was carried out in the teaching and research forest of the University of Dschang in Belabo, with the aim of analysing land-cover and land-use changes as well as carbon stocks dynamic. The databases used are composed of three Landsat satellite images (5TM of 1984, 7ETM + of 2000 and 8OLI of 2016), enhanced by field missions. Satellite images were processed using ENVI and ArcGIS software. Interview, focus group discussion methods and participatory mapping were used to identify the activities carried out by the local population. An inventory design consisting of four transects was used to measure dendrometric parameters and to identify land-use types. An estimation of carbon stocks in aboveground and underground woody biomass was made using allometric models based on non-destructive method. Dynamic of land-cover showed that the average annual rate of deforestation is 0.48%. The main activities at the base of this change are agriculture, house built-up and logging. Seven types of land-use were identified; adult secondary forests (64.10%), young secondary forests (7.54%), wetlands (7.39%), fallows (3.63%), savannahs (9.59%), cocoa farms (4.28%) and mixed crop farms (3.47%). Adult secondary forests had the highest amount of carbon ($250.75\;t\;C\;ha^{-1}$). This value has decreased by more than 60% for mixed crop farms ($94.67\;t\;C\;ha^{-1}$), showing the impact of agricultural activities on both forest cover and carbon stocks. Agroforestry systems that allow conservation and introduction of woody species should be encouraged as part of a participatory management strategy of this forest.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.103-116
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• 2003

As the globalization become the main stream in our world, there is no exception also on the cultural section. And we are En the midst of this rapid transition. In the case of advertising market, we opened to those agencies in abroad in the early year of 1990 and now completely opened. On this thesis, the multinational corporation advertising was studied and researched by empirical case study. The main topic is the value expression in the advertising creativity viewed on the cultural level. The multinational corporations that have an eminent, powerful brands produces much of goods wend widely with their powerful brands and extend their marketing activities to abroad. For example, those non-alcoholic beverages, pharmaceutical products, cosmetics, electronic appliances, vehicles, sports shoes, clothes are their main exports, and they broaden the product category, market size to the global market. They also use an expert marketing skill accumulated for a long time. The advertising activities is one of the useful method to extend their global market abroad enhacing continuously brand value. And much of the multinational corporation's advertising are suspected of negative effects that advertisements works on a tool which curies so called uniformed ideology - various ruling ideology - with commercial messages. These advertising affect an developing country's moral value, life style, social value, and others. And they weaken those developing country's unique tradition, culture by putting their own ideology. Those who have a critical position on the advertising activities have been careful in judging it's effects. The result of this study which of the value system is expressed in the multinational corporation's advertisements are; First, the self - esteem value is classified by western value, and it was founded out much more in the domestic corporation's advertisements then multinational ones. Second, the security value system is classified by western value system, and it's outcome was much the same as former one. Consequently, the multinational corporation's advertisements have less of an western value expression relative to korean advertisements. Those outcomes may infer that the multinational corporations prefer to an compromise creative strategy in korea for avoiding cultural conflicts.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.168-174
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• 2014

It was conducted to evaluate the control efficacy of Bordeaux mixture on pepper anthracnose in vitro and in vivo. The suppressive efficacy of Bordeaux mixture on mycelial growth and spore germination of Colletotrichum acutatum was investigated on PDA, cellophane membranes and pepper fruits, respectively. Furthermore, its control value was evaluated on detached pepper fruits inoculated with C. acutatum by wound and non-wound inoculation method, and in fields. The mycelial growth of C. acutatum JC24 was inhibited by 90.0% on PDA amended with $937{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of Bordeaux mixture. While the spore germination of C. acutatum JC24 was inhibited perfectly on cellophane membranes treated at $187{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of Bordeaux mixture, that on fruits inoculated with the pathogen by wound inoculation and non-wound inoculation method was inhibited by 88.1% and 91.3%, respectively. Although the control value on fruits treated with $937{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of Bordeaux mixture was 17.6% in wound inoculation method, it was 58.8% in non-wound inoculation method. In fields, when Bordeaux mixture was sprayed five times at 14 day-intervals, it showed 55.7% and 61.7% of control value in 2012 and 2013, respectively. We think Bordeaux mixture was able to use as an eco-friendly organic farming material to control pepper anthracnose based on the above-mentioned results.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2013

Due to the popularization of digital high-performance capturing equipments and the emergence of powerful image-editing softwares, it is easy for anyone to make a high-quality counterfeit money. However, the probability of detecting a counterfeit money to the general public is extremely low. In this paper, we propose a counterfeit money detection algorithm using a general purpose scanner. This algorithm determines counterfeit money based on the different features in the printing process. After the non-local mean value is used to analyze the noises from each money, we extract statistical features from these noises by calculating a gray level co-occurrence matrix. Then, these features are applied to train and test the support vector machine classifier for identifying either original or counterfeit money. In the experiment, we use total 324 images of original money and counterfeit money. Also, we compare with noise features from previous researches using wiener filter and discrete wavelet transform. The accuracy of the algorithm for identifying counterfeit money was over 94%. Also, the accuracy for identifying the printing source was over 93%. The presented algorithm performs better than previous researches.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.7 no.1 s.23
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• pp.83-92
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• 2005

Maturity method is a non-destructive method for estimating in-place concrete strength as a function of time and temperature. The main objective is to use maturity method determining joint sawing and traffic opening time for whitetopping construction in Korea. Another objective is to investigate the influence of air temperature in the correspondence to slab temperature and maturity value. For determining the joint sawing and traffic opening time, thermachron i-button and strain gage were inserted in the fresh concrete in the slab and a maturity value was calculated at desired times. In-place strength was then estimated from a pre-established relationship between maturity values and compressive strength. The results showed that there are significant differences between the estimated strength obtained from maturity curve and in-place concrete strength. The reasons are that the gain of in-place concrete strength was influenced by several factors in the field such as curing conditions, air temperature, and wind speed etc. Also, the results showed that air temperature had significant influence on slab temperature and maturity value The slopes of maturity curves exponentially decrease as air temperature decreases. This means that maturity value sharply dropped as air temperature decreases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.4583-4586
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• 2016

Background: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, with a pathognomonic chromosomal translocation t (11;14). Prognosis is uniformly dismal but there is a paucity of information on MCL from India. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analysed clinicopathological information on all treated patients with MCL at our centre. STATA 14.0 was used for analysis. Survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Cox's proportional hazards method. Statistical significance was defined as a P value of < 0.05. Results: Fifty-one patients with MCL were reviewed. The median age at presentation was 57.0 years. Extranodal involvement was seen in 39.0 (74.0%) while bone marrow positivity at presentation was found in 27.0 (54.0%). Initial treatment was chemotherapy with or without rituximab. Patients receiving rituximab-based therapy (n = 24) had 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) of 21.0 (88.0%), compared with 14.0 (61.0%) for those not receiving rituximab (n = 23, P = 0.036). Twenty-three patients were alive with a median follow-up of 20.7 months (range 2.5-89.2). PFS at 1 and 2 years was 51.0% and 27.0%, and overall survival (OS) 78.0% and 72.0%, respectively. Use of more than 2.0 lines of therapy, use of bendamustine-rituximab, and high TLC (>10,000.0/cu.mm) significantly affected PFS. Conclusions: In our experience, MCL patients from north India have an early age at presentation. When treated with regimens including rituximab results in an improved response rate and PFS. This study provided comprehensive insights into the treatment of MCL in a developing country.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.382-388
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• 2016

When Flat Panel Display (FPD) is made with backlight module, such as LED TV, it inherently suffers from the non-uniform backlight luminance problem that results in un-even brightness distribution throughout the TV screen. If the luminance of each pixel location of a TV screen as a function of the driving voltage can be measured, it can be used to compensate the non-uniformity of the backlight module. We use a carefully calibrated imaging system to take pictures of a TV screen at different levels of brightness and generate the compensation functions for the driving circuitry to correct the luminance level at each pixel location. Making use of the fact that the luminance of the screen is normally brightest at around the center of the screen and gradually decreases toward the border of the screen, the luminance of the whole TV screen is approximated by a mathematical function of the pixel locations. The parameters of the function are computed in the least square sense by the values of both the pixel luminance sent from the driving circuit and the grayscale value measured from the image taken by the imaging system. To justify the correction system, a simple second order polynomial function is used to approximate the luminance across the screen. When the driving circuit voltage is corrected according to the measured function, the variance of the screen luminance is reduced to one tenth of the one measured from the un-corrected TV screen.