• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.48 no.5
• /
• pp.525-529
• /
• 2016

Twenty-nine pepper products commercially available in the market were collected and investigate for contamination levels. Pepper products purchased from traditional markets had a degree of contamination of $10^6-10^7CFU/g$ aerobic bacteria, $10^4-10^5CFU/g$ Bacillus sp., and less than $10^2CFU/g$ yeast and molds. Organic pepper showed a degree of contamination of $10^4$ aerobic bacteria, $10^2-10^3$ Bacillus sp., and less than $10^1$ yeast and molds. Intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment of 10 min (1,000 V, 5 pps and 4 cm sample-to-lamp distance) showed a bacterial death rate of 1.45-1.55 log for whole peppers, and of 0.8-0.85 log for black and white pepper powder. The sterilization rate using IPL was higher than that using other non-thermal sterilization methods, such as ozone treatment or low-pressure discharge plasma sterilization, indicating that the IPL sterilization method may find potential application in the industry. However, further studies may need to be conducted to enhance the effect of sterilization.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.38 no.1 s.246
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 2005

It has been known that pulsatile flow is physiologic and more favorable to tissue perfusion than nonpulsatile flow. The purpose of this study is to directly compare the effect of pulsatile versus nonpulsatile blood flow to renal tissue perfusion in extracorporeal circulation by using a tissue perfusion measurement system. Material and Method: Total cardiopulmonary bypass circuit was constructed to twelve Yorkshire swines, weighing 20$\~ $30 kg. Animals were randomly assigned to group 1 (n=6, non pulsatile centrifugal pump) or group 2 (n=6, pulsatile T-PLS pump). A probe of the tissue perfusion measurement system $(QFlow^{TM}-500)$ was inserted into the renal pa­renchymal tissue. Extracorporeal circulation was maintained for an hour at a pump flow of 2 L/min after aortic cross-clamping. Tissue perfusion flow of the kidney was measured at baseline (before bypass) and every 10 minutes after bypass. Serologic parameters were collected at baseline and 60 minutes after bypass. Result: Baseline parameters were not different between the groups. Renal tissue perfusion flow was substantially higher in the pulsatile group throughout the bypass (ranged 48.5$\~$ 64 in group 1 vs. 65.8$\~$88.3 mL/min/100 g in group 2, p=0.026$\~$ 0.45) The difference was significant at 30 minutes bypass $(47.5{\pm}18.3\;in\;group\;1\;vs.\;83.4{\pm}28.5$ mL/min/100 g in group 2, p=0.026). Serologic parameters including plasma free hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine showed no differences between the groups at 60 minutes after bypass (p=NS). Conclusion: Pulsatile flow is more beneficial to tissue perfusion of the kidney in short-term extracorporeal circulation. Further study is suggested to observe the effects to other vital organs or long-term significance.