• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.413-421
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• 2005

블록 내 이적이란 컨테이너를 선박에 싣는 적하 작업을 효율적으로 수행하기 위하여 유혹 시간에 여기저기에 흩어져 있는 대상 컨테이너들을 적하 순서에 맞춰 몇 개의 베이로 모으는 작업이다. 이적 작업을 가능한 일찍 완료하기 위해서는 블록 내의 설치된 여러 대의 트랜스퍼 크레인들을 모두 활용하는 것이 유리하지만, 이적 계획 수립 시 크레인들 간의 간섭을 효과적으로 고려하지 못하면 상당한 작업 지연이 발생할 수 있다. 특히, 상호 교차가 불가능한 크레인들을 이용하여 이적을 수행하고자 하는 경우에는 이러한 간섭에 의한 지연이 보다 빈번히 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 교차가 불가능한 크레인들 간의 간섭을 고려하여 개별 컨테이너를 취급할 크레인의 선정과 작업 순서를 결정하는 휴리스틱을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션 실험 결과 본 제안 방안이 다양한 환경에서 간섭에 의한 지연을 효과적으로 줄일 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-28
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• 2012

The Extension Program accountability will continue to be an influential force to develop agriculture and rural area. As we incorporate new approaches into our service program and respond to new domains of knowledge, we must also consider how our assessment strategies may need to change in order to meet local and other external standards. The main purpose of the study was to be what the best way of Extension Service is set farmers' educational needs met and to be what kind of methodologies and role of Extension system should provide for their faced problem solving effectively. The major results of the study on Farmers' needs toward Korean Extension Services are summarized as follows. First, it is observed that, when the farmers' perceptions were analyzed, the most ranked by the farmers' needs was "having nice extension workers to get advice and solve their problems on the farm in all at once." Farmers had especially more positive attitudes in the categories of interest and careers in ag-technology. To do services level up, the headquarter of Rural Development of Administration must be work with local branches to effectively deliver their missions and educational objectives to target crops and farmers group. And farmers were strongly needed "a specialized service team will be organized" to work closely with operating services for ag-products processing, packing and marketing. The recommendations were made by: farmers' needs should be identified and announced by computer networking development to solve their problems faster. Also, provincial and county level service members should have a chance to working at research institute or related work places with their incentives, which system will be easer to meet farmers' needs and deal with their problems so that the systematic approaches should be managed and recorded their educational attendings, education contents and even their farming corporations. Finally, Agricultural Extension Service should be met to general ag-technology literacy and be balanced with knowledge of other industries and be competitive service with better values in non-agricultural sectors.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제8B권5호
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• pp.579-586
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• 2001

디지털 워터마킹이란 영상이나 비디오, 오디오, 텍스트 등의 저작물에 잘 식별되지 않은 표시를 삽입하여 저작권을 보호하는 방법으로 소유권자의 동의 없이 저작물을 배포, 복사되는 것을 방지하는 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 MPEG 기반의 압축된 영상에 저작권 보호를 위한 시스템의 구현을 위하여 휘도신호에 웨이블릿을 이용한 워터마크 키의 삽입과 추출에 대하여 연구한다. 우선, 원 이미지를 이산 웨이블릿 변환을 이용하여 주파수 영역으로 분해한다. 이 때, RSA(Rivest, Shamir, Aldemen) 공개키(public key)의 암호화 대상을 VLC(variable length coding) 파라메터의 RUN으로 하였다. 이웃하는 RUN파라메터 사이의 높은 연관성은 이미지 전체에 영향을 미치기 때문에 비밀키(private key)를 소유하지 않은 비인가자의 불법적인 행위를 막을 수 있다. 실험 결과, DCT기반의 저주파 대역에 대한 직접적인 암호화 방식〔13〕보다 더 적은 키를 삽입시키면서 오히려 더 높은 왜곡과 위치가 이동된 이미지를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 고속전송을 위해 넓은 대역폭을 사용하는 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiflex)시스템에서 심각한 주파수 선택적 페이딩 환경에서도 강한 특성을 갖는 FE(Frequency Estimation) 채널 추정 기법을 제안하였다. 시간적으로 천천히 변화하는 채널에서 주로 사용하는 채널추정기법은 상관도가 높은 심볼간 데이터를 이용하는 DDCE(Decision Directed Channel Estimation)기법이 있다. DDCE는 주파수 비선택적인 환경에서는 높은 이득을 보이지만 시스템 대역폭이 증가함에 따라 심각한 주파수 선택적 페이딩 환경이 되어 데이터의 신뢰도가 떨어지면 에러 플로우 현상이 일어나게 된다. 제안한 방법인 FE 기법은 주파수 선택적 페이딩 채널에서 OFDM의 부반송파간의 상관관계를 이용하여 목표 주파수에서의 채널 추정감을 인접 부반송파의 채널 추정값들의 평균으로 적응시켜주어 이득을 얻는다. FE 기법은 DDCE처럼 데이터를 이용하지 않고 프리엠블만을 이용하기 때문에 데이터의 신뢰도와 관계된 전송율과 다중 경로 수에 독립적이다 본 논문에서 제안한 FE 기법은 DDCE의 에러 플로우가 발생한 넓은 대역폭을 가진 시스템에서도 이득을 얻을 수 있어 심각한 주파수 선택적 페이딩 환경에서 유용하다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2013

English native listeners have a tendency to treat strong syllables in a speech stream as the potential initial syllables of new words, since the majority of lexical words in English have a word-initial stress. The current study investigates whether Korean (L1) - English (L2) late bilinguals perceive strong syllables in English continuous speech as word onsets, as English native listeners do. In Experiment 1, word-spotting was slower when the word-initial syllable was strong, indicating that Korean listeners do not perceive strong syllables as word onsets. Experiment 2 was conducted in order to avoid any possibilities that the results of Experiment 1 may be due to the strong-initial targets themselves used in Experiment 1 being slower to recognize than the weak-initial targets. We employed the gating paradigm in Experiment 2, and measured the Isolation Point (IP, the point at which participants correctly identify a word without subsequently changing their minds) and the Recognition Point (RP, the point at which participants correctly identify the target with 85% or greater confidence) for the targets excised from the non-words in the two conditions of Experiment 1. Both the mean IPs and the mean RPs were significantly earlier for the strong-initial targets, which means that the results of Experiment 1 reflect the difficulty of segmentation when the initial syllable of words was strong. These results are consistent with Kim & Nam (2011), indicating that strong syllables are not perceived as word onsets for Korean listeners and interfere with lexical segmentation in English running speech.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the relative distances among English front vowels in a message produced by 47 Korean and American speakers in order to better instruct pronunciation skills of English vowels for Korean English learners. A Praat script was developed to collect the first and second formant values(F1 and F2) of eight words in each sound file which was recorded from an internet speech archive. Then, the Euclidean distances were measured between the three vowel pairs: [i-ɛ], [i-ɪ], and [ɛ-æ]. The first vowel pair [i-ɛ] was set as the reference from which the relative distances of the other two vowel pairs were measured in percent in order to compare the vowel sounds among speakers of different vocal tract lengths. Results show that F1 values of the front vowels produced by the Korean and American speakers increased from the high front vowel to the low front vowel wih differences among the groups. The Korean speakers generally produced the front vowels with smaller jaw openings than the American speakers did. Secondly, the relative distance of the high front vowel pair [i-ɪ] showed a significant difference between the Korean and American speakers while that of the low front vowel pair [ɛ-æ] showed a non-significant difference. Finally, the Korean speakers in the higher proficiency level produced front vowels with higher F1 values than those in the lower proficiency level. The author concluded that Korean speakers should produce the front high vowels distinctively by securing sufficient relative distance of the formant values. Further studies would be desirable to examine how strong the Korean speakers' English proficiency correlate with the relative distance of target words of comparable productions.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was performed to screen target-specific inhibitors of ${\beta}$-catenin/TCF signaling whose functional activation plays an important role in early events in carcinogenesis. Methods: To investigate the activation or suppression of ${\beta}$-catenin/TCF transcription, we established a transiently transfected cell line with a constitutively active ${\beta}$-catenin mutant gene whose product is not degraded. This cell line was also co-transfected with luciferase reporter gene constructs containing either an optimized (TOPflash) or mutant (FOPflash) TCF-binding element. We investigated cytotoxic effects using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium salt (MTS) assay. To find effective inhibitors of ${\beta}$-catenin/TCF signaling from medicinal herbs, the crude extracts of 99 types of medicinal herbs were screened using a luciferase assay system in HEK-293 and SH-SY5y cells. Results: At a concentration of $50{\mu}g$/ml, extracts of Angelica koreanae radix, Cannabis sativa semen, Ephedrae intermedia Schrenk radix, and Vitis rotundifolia fruit showed the following inhibitory effects on ${\beta}$-catenin/TCF signaling: $40{\pm}5.6%$, $23{\pm}6.1%$, $8{\pm}5.1%$, and $22{\pm}9.8%$ in ${\beta}$-catenin-activated HEK-293 cells and $9{\pm}4.7%$, $39{\pm}8.1%$, $39{\pm}6.4%$, and $42{\pm}10.1%$ in ${\beta}$-catenin-activated SH-SY5y cells, respectively. Crude extracts of E. radix were isolated by silica gel column chromatography, and two non-polar fractions of these extracts showed inhibitory effects on ${\beta}$-catenin/TCF signaling. Conclusions: In this study, we established a transiently transfected cell line as a screening system and found that various medicinal herb extracts had inhibitory effects on ${\beta}$signaling.

• 복식
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.49-66
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• 2003

In the relationship between post-modern feminism and the body. the body of women, which has been taken as 'other' by dominant arguments, has escaped from the fixed idea at post-modern times and the post-modern feminists tried to escape from the taste of the times about body image that was prevalent in the former times.'The taste of the times' here means the fixed physical form of ideal women's body by the educational custom, and it includes the educational prescription which establishes the docile body of women. This kind of educational custom aims at the perfect and permanent restriction on size, shape, desire, attitude and movement as well as on the overall demeanor and each part of the body. And the custom produces 'dependent and trained'. that is, inferiorized women's body. Hence, this paper points out that the feminity as a fixed Physical form should be overcome in order to move forward, and as one part of the effort, it attempts to analyze the designs which deformed and distorted women's body in 1990s. This research indicates that the work, which tries to deviate the fantasized and casted women's mystery, has been closely connected with the expression of 'non-separate bodies' and 'irregular body shapes' in 1990s, which aims at escaping from the fixation of women's body Image. Therefore, it is concluded that the target design trend of this research, which expressed the deformation and perversion of the body, provides the anti-these against the ideal body image of women and the these of feminity. which have been reproduced in various methods and patterns throughout the public and the culture on the whole by expressing the refusal and deviation of the existing women's body image through the post-fixation of the body pattern.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.361-365
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• 2005

This study was conducted to obtain the acute information of the oral dose toxicity of Polycan - originated from Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001 (half of the dry material is -1,3/1,6-glucans), a UV induced mutant of A. pullulans, having various pharmacological effects, in male and female mice. In order to calculate $50\%$ lethal dose $(LD_{50})$, approximate LD and target organs, test article was administered twice by oral gavage to male and female ICR mice at total 1000, 500 and 250mg/kg. The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored during 14 days after dosing. As the results, we could not find any mortalities, clinical signs, changes in the body weight and gross findings. The results obtained in this study suggest that the Polycan is non-toxic in mice and is therefore likely to be safe for clinical use. The L050 and approximate $(LD_{50})$ in mice after single oral dose of Polycan were considered over 1000 mg/kg, respectively.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.108-108
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• 2001

Axin2/Conductin/Axil and its ortholog Axin are negative regulators of the Wnt signaling pathway, which promote the phosphorylation and degradation of ${\beta}$-catenin. While Axin is expressed ubiquitously, Axin2 mRNA was seen in a restricted pattern during mouse embryogenesis and organogenesis. Because many sites of Axin2 expression overlapped with those of several Wnt genes, we tested whether Axin2 was induced by Wnt signaling. Endogenous Axin2 mRNA and protein expression could be rapidly induced by activation of the Wnt pathway, and Axin2 reporter constructs, containing a 5.6 kb DNA fragment including the promoter and first intron, were also induced. This genomic region contains eight Tcf/LEF consensus binding sites, five of which are located within longer, highly conserved non-coding sequences. The mutation or deletion of these Tcf/LEF sites greatly diminished induction by ${\beta}$-catenin, and mutation of the Tcf/LEF site T2 abolished protein binding in an electrophoretic mobility-shift assay. These results strongly suggest that Axin2 is a direct target of the Wnt pathway, mediated through Tcf/LEF factors. The 5.6 kb genomic sequence was sufficient to direct the tissue specific expression of d2EGFP in transgenic embryos, consistent with a role for the Tcf/LEF sites and surrounding conserved sequences in the in vivo expression pattern of Axin2. Our results suggest that Axin2 participates in a negative feedback loop, which could serve to limit the duration or intensity of a Wnt-initiated signal.