• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

Transportation of goods by rail in border areas requires considerable time, money, and human resources. Therefore, in this study, a blockchain-based non-stop passing system is proposed to solve this problem. In this study, each transit station and train are designated as one network node, and the corresponding node participates in the blockchain network to record and verify data. In the process, we will design a blockchain network using Docker and design a network interface. Without changing the data and information generated in the existing legacy clearance system, it is possible to configure a blockchain network to ensure the integrity and reliability of the data and to minimize the consumption of time and human resources. The railroad non-stop passing system aims to change the existing legacy system to a blockchain-based non-stop passing system.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.70-74
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined whether 1) the motor inhibition response as cognitive-behavioral component is learning though a stop signal task using stop-signal paradigm, and 2) whether there is a difference in the learning degree according to imagery training and actual practice training. Methods: Twenty young adults (males: 9, females: 11) volunteered to participate in this study, and were divided randomly into motor imagery training (IT, n=10) and practice training (PT, n=10) groups. The PT group performed an actual practice stop-signal task, while the IT group performed imagery training, which showed a stop-signal task on a monitor of a personal computer. The non-signal reaction time and stop-signal reaction time of both groups were assessed during the stop-signal task. Results: In the non-signal reaction time, there were no significant intra-group and inter-group differences between pre- and post-intervention in both groups (p>0.05). The stop-signal reaction time showed a significant difference in the PT group in the intra-group analysis (p<0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant intra-group difference in the IT group and inter-group difference between pre- and post-intervention (p>0.05). Conclusion: These results showed that the motor inhibition response could be learned through a stop-signal task. Moreover, these findings suggest that actual practice is a more effective method for learning the motor inhibition response.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2020

This study investigated whether listeners' perceptual patterns varied according to base token selected for stimuli manipulation. Voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (F0) values were orthogonally manipulated, each in seven steps, using naturally produced words that contained a lenis (/kan/) and an aspirated (/k^han/) stop in Seoul Korean. Both native and non-native groups showed significantly higher numbers of aspirated responses for the stimuli constructed with /k^han/, evidencing the use of minor cues left in the stimuli after manipulation. For the native group the use of the VOT and F0 cues in the stop categorization did not differ depending on whether the base token included the lenis or aspirated stop, indicating that the results of previous studies remain tenable that investigated the relative importance of the acoustic cues in the native listener perception of the Korean stop contrasts by using one base token for manipulating perceptual stimuli. For the non-native group, the use patterns of the F0 cue differed as a function of base token selected. Some findings indicated that listeners used alternative cues to identify the stop contrast when major cues sound ambiguous. The use of the manipulated VOT and F0 cues by the non-native group was not native-like, suggesting that non-native listeners may have perceived the minor cues as stable in the context of the manipulated cue combinations.

• 음성과학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2006

This study explores whether Russian, known to have a process of syllable-final devoicing, reveals differences in vowel duration as a function of the underlying voicing of the coda stop. This paper also examines whether non-native speakers of Russian and English learn typical L2 values in vowel duration. The results indicate that vowels in Russian have a slightly longer mean duration before a voiced stop than before a voiceless stop (a mean difference of 9.52 ms), but in most cases the differences did not exhibit statistical significance. In English the mean difference was 60.05 ms, and the differences were in most cases statistically significant. All native Russian speakers of English produced larger absolute differences in vowel duration for English than for Russian, and all native English speakers of Russian produced smaller absolute differences for Russian than for English. More experienced learners seemed to achieve more native-like values of vowel duration than less experienced learners did, suggesting that learning occurs gradually as the learners gain more experience with the L2.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제46호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2003

This experimental study shows that, in reading of the English isolated words that are enumerated, the releasing of the word-final stop is employed for signaling enumeration in company with the well-known intonational pattern for it. Furthermore, this study tries to find the aspects of the releasing of the stops in the word-final positions, focusing on the association of the stop releasing/nonreleasing with i) the POA (Place of Articulation) distinction of the word-final stop, ii) the various qualities of the vowel before the final stop, and iii) the voice distinction of the stop in the word-final position.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.2828-2835
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 다양한 다중화 모형과 논스톱 포워딩 기능이 네트워크 서비스의 가용도에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석한다. 다중화 모형 중 no redundancy, 2N redundancy, N-way redundancy, N-way active redundancy 모형에 대한 확률적 리워드 네트(Stochastic Reward Net, SRN) 모델을 설계하고, 각각의 모형에 대해 논스톱 포워딩 기능을 추가한 SRN 모델을 설계한다. 확률적 페트리 네트 패키지(Stochastic Petri Net Package, SPNP)를 활용하여 설계한 SRN 모델의 가용도를 구한다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.214-217
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• 2017

An IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) device has an excellent current-conducting capability. It has been widely employed as a switching device to use in power supplies, converters, solar inverters, and household appliances or the like, designed to handle high power. The aim with IGBT is to meet the requirements for use in ideal power semiconductor devices with a high breakdown voltage, an on-state voltage drop, a high switching speed, and high reliability for power-device applications. In general, the concentration of the drift region decreases when the breakdown voltage increases, but the on-resistance and other characteristics should be reduced to improve the breakdown voltage and on-state voltage drop characteristics by optimizing the design and structure changes. In this paper, using the T-CAD, we designed the NPT-IGBT (non punch-through IGBT) and FS-IGBT (field stop IGBT) and analyzed the electrical characteristics of those devices. Our analysis of the electrical characteristics showed that the FS-IGBT was superior to the NPT-IGBT in terms of the on-state voltage drop.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1106-1109
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• 2012

팬/틸트 카메라와 같은 비정적인 카메라를 사용한 지능적 영상 감시 시스템들의 경우 정적인 카메라를 사용한 시스템에서보다 객체 추적의 안정성이 많이 떨어진다. 비정적인 환경에서 배경에 대한 모델링을 수행할 수 없기 때문이다. 본 레터에서는 팬/틸트 카메라를 사용하지만, 안정적인 객체추적을 위해 차영상을 얻을 수 있도록 동적 윤곽선모델을 stop/go방식과 연동하여 사용하는 방식의 팬/틸트 시스템을 제안한다. 제안한 시스템은 추적대상의 움직임으로 차영상을 몇 프레임밖에 얻지 못하는 상황에서도 추적대상에 대한 영역정보를 추출할 수 있고, 안정적인 추적이 가능하다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.1674-1683
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• 2003

Markovian 신호의 간섭(interruption)하에서 Stop­-and-­Wait ARQ protocol을 적용한 패킷 데이터 다중화기의 성능을 분석한다. 시스템 모델을 살펴보면 입력 프로세스는 Poisson 프로세스로, 출력 채널은 연속되는 시간 슬롯(slot)으로 분할되고 데이터 패킷은 이 슬롯 시간 동안에 전송된다. 이 시스템에서, 프레임 시간은 왕복 지연 시간으로 정의되었다. 이 모델에서 출력 채널은 Markovian 간섭에 의해 데이타 전송이 중단되는 blocking state와 간섭이 없는 non-­blocking state로 구분된다. Markovian 간섭신호를 고려하면서, 2개의 연속적인 프레임이나 slot사이에 버퍼 상태에 관한 관계식을 고려하여 전체적인 시스템이 분석되었다. 분석된 자료 값이 시뮬레이션과 비교적 잘 일치함을 확인하였다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집(III)
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• pp.473-478
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• 2003

The hydraulic buffer stop placed on the end of the railway brakes the train could not reduce the velocity sufficiently because of the braking system troubles or driver's mistakes. The hydraulic buffer stop is composed of 2 operating parts; hydraulic buffers and rail clamps. Hydraulic buffers brake trains non-destructively in low speed, otherwise rail clamps begin to work in higher speed. In this paper, The braking process of the hydraulic buffer stop is investigated by numerical methods. The hydraulic buffer is numerically analyzed and designed to absorb the kinematic energy of the train below 3.2km/h speed. The hydraulic buffer stop crushed by the train with 5km/h speed is analyzed by FEM package-PAM CRASH in order to obtain the stress profile in rail clamps and buffer stop frame.