• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.644-672
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• 2019

Negative consequences incurred from employees' non-work-related computing (NWRC) have been one of the security-related issues in information intensive organizations. While most studies have focused on the factors that motivate employees to engage in NWRC, this study examines the mediating effect of moral beliefs on the relationship between sanctions and NWRC using a moral beliefs-based model. The research model posits that the formal (i.e., punishment severity and detection certainty) and informal sanctions (subjective norms and descriptive norms) enhance employees' moral beliefs against NWRC intention. From a cross-sectional scenario-based survey involving 176 employees working at banks in Mongolia, our results indicate that moral beliefs fully mediate the relationship between detection certainty/subjective norms and NWRC intention and act as a partial mediator in the relationship between descriptive norms and NWRC. The findings from this study present empirical evidence that both informal and formal sanctions could be an effective deterrent for NWRC intention through employees' moral beliefs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.663-672
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• 2004

Purpose: This study describes the ecological variables effect on child abuse potential and the results from a prevention program for parents with disabled children aiming at decreasing child abuse potential. Method: Data was collected from 30 parents with disabled preschoolers attending an early education center in a community. The program consisted of handouts, small group lectures, support group meetings on understanding the disabled child-parents relationship, communication skill improvement, non-punitive discipline techniques, and influences of child abuse. A non equivalent pre-post test design was employed. Result: Ecological variables, and parenting self-efficacy, had a significant effect on child abuse potential in parents with a disabled child. By regression parenting self-efficacy showed(27.1 %) child abuse potential. Both parenting self-efficacy and beliefs in corporal punishment directly related to (52.0%) child abuse potential in parents. The program was effective inbringing some positive changes on pareting self-efficacy beliefs in corporal punishment, and child abuse potential toward disabled children. However, marital discord was not significantly effected. Conclusion: Child abuse prevention programs should decrease thechild abuse potential in parents. Thus I recommend a child abuse prevention program development; for parents with disabled adolescents, and teachers in disabled child education.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.43
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• pp.246-269
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• 2000

This paper describes the results from a prevention program for low-income mothers of children under the age of 13 aiming at the positive change on parental attitudes toward their children, parenting satisfaction and attitudes toward the use of corporal punishment. The program duration was 8 weeks and consisted of two parts: parent education on understanding parent-child relationship, communication skill improvement, techniques of problem solving, non-punitive child rearing techniques; and the recognition and use of existing social support network including networking of the neighborhood resources. The pre-post test control group design was employed. The results are: the program is effective on bringing some positive changes on an three variables: parental attitudes toward their children, parenting satisfaction and attitudes toward the use of corporal punishment. Increased social support was found to have significant positive effect on the above variables except the attitudes toward corporal punishment. To decrease the risk factors as well as to increase the protective factors of child abuse, well designed parent education and social support program is recommended on every community level.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.329-347
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• 2012

Criminal media such as dramas and movies are growing in popularity. However, the effects of criminal media as well as its psychological mechanism are not clearly examined. Based on social learning theory (Bandura, 1978), past studies showed that arrest and punishment to the criminal in media have a suppressing effect. The present research examined the ironic possibility that media coverage of punishment could increase the audience's criminal intention and proposed the mediating role of counterfactual thinking in the effect. We hypothesized that when punishment was depicted as accidental rather than unavoidable in media coverage, perceived high mutability and counterfactuals focusing on the accidental factors could clarify the ways to commit the crime without being caught and subsequently increase future criminal intention. In this study, 95 college students read a story of plagiarizing either no, accidental, or inevitable punishment, and later asked to report their intention to plagiarize. An ANCOVA with participants' own history of plagiarism as a covariate found that the intention of plagiarism in future was significantly different. The results showed that the intention of plagiarism in the accidental punishment condition was higher than that in the inevitable punishment condition. Further, the intention of plagiarism in the accidental punishment condition was the same level with non-punishment condition. The findings suggest that whether criminals are caught or not is not enough to reduce criminal intentions of audience, but how criminals are caught matters.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2022

The view of not fully denying the application of accomplice regulations to non-punishable opponents has fallen into a formal and logical circular argument that only provides formal grounds for non-punishment and has failed to provide practical grounds. In addition, it can be said that it has a criminal policy problem contrary to the legal sentiment of the general public by not punishing the active government travel activities of non-punishable accomplices. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, it is necessary to respect the legislator's intention that general non-punishment accomplices can be punished if they exceed the 'minimum government travel commission'. Therefore, if an unpunishable accomplice acts at least within the act required to realize the constituent requirements, the application of the accomplice regulations shall be excluded, and the accomplice regulations shall be applied only if they exceed that extent. In addition, if the indispensable counterparty is a protected person or has no responsibility (possibility of expectation), it can be said that it has provided a practical basis for the inability to punish, so it can be understood as impossible to punish. This interpretation method is thought to be able to present concrete validity in marginal cases where the counterparty is more responsible by substantially presenting the basis for an unpunishable accomplice.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.912-923
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• 2015

In the results of analyzing Korean corrective action for what are required to be improved according to EU listing Korea as yellow-card non-cooperating third countries against IUU fishing, in order to establish advanced fishery order, it is thought that the following additional improvements are required. (1) The introduction of integrated management system of fishing vessel sailing route, fishing activity, fish catch, and inshore fishing vessel must be considered. (2) It is necessary to establish a system to cross check catch transaction, catch landing, and fish catch report submitted by fishing vessel. (3) Catch transshipment approval system shall be introduced. And a system of reporting and checking catch transshipment at sea shall be reinforced. (4) Punishment shall be strengthened to the extent of making people to perceive that loss due to punishment is larger than profit made from illegal fishing. (5) It shall be so improved that more than a certain percentage of all vessels with fish and fish products caught in waters outside Korea's judicial waters shall be arbitrarily chosen and searched besides a case of being suspected to be IUU fishing. In conclusion, on being listed by EU as yellow-card non-cooperating third countries against IUU fishing, Korean fishery management system shall be generally reexamined, and it shall serve as an occasion to exterminate IUU fishing and to advance fishery management system.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.81-120
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• 2018

To promote the aviation safety reporting system that is operated to enhance aviation safety and to utilize related information, it should first be preceded by standards for non-punishment and data protection. It is because the purpose of collection and analysis of aviation safety related data through the aviation safety reporting system is to prevent recurrence of accidents by investigating their causes through collection and analysis of diverse types of information related to aviation safety. Both mandatory and voluntary reporting systems are in operation for aviation safety under the current Aviation Safety Act. It is said that they were introduced to survey causes for accidents and to prevent recurrences. In fact, however, it is hard to expect active implementation of the reporting system for aviation safety unless the reporters are firstly exempted from punishment. Therefore, the system should be improved so that it can satisfy its purpose and the purposes of data collection concerning aviation safety through examination of the purposes of the reporting system. One of the matters that needs to be considered to promote the reporting system should be the scope of aviation safety hindrances presupposed under the current institution. The voluntary aviation safety reporting system differs from the systems of ICAO or the key advanced countries, including the USA and the UK as it limits the target accidents subject to reporting to minor aviation safety hindrances only. That being said, improvements should be made by requiring mandatory reporting of aviation safety hindrances based on their severity while recognizing a greater variety of aviation safety concerns like international standards. Safety actions and sharing of information based on collection and analysis of diverse data related to aviation safety will greatly contribute to enhance aviation safety as the purposes of the reporting system are to explore causes for accidents and to prevent their recurrences. What is most important in this regard is strict data protection and non-punishment principles; compliance with them should be secured. We can hardly expect the successful operation of the system unless the reporter is exempted from punishment and the relevant data is protected as promotion of voluntary reporting is an essential factor for enhancing the safety culture. Otherwise, the current system may induce hiding of relevant facts or data to evade punishment. It is true that the regulation for enhancing safety tends to have limitations or blind spots; nevertheless, it should still be enforced strictly and completely. Technological progresses and mistakes of operators appear in different forms based on individual cases. The consequential damages may amount to a truly severe level. Therefore, we have studied and suggested to the methods of activiation and amendments on the aviation safety reporting system, which is referred for one of the proactive safety management systems. The proposed improvement of the reporting system and introduction of non-punishment for collection of aviation safety data for deploying a preemptive prevention system would serve as the backbone for enhancing aviation safety in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.227-232
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• 2021

The 「Act on Special Cases concerning the Punishment of Crimes of Domestic Violence」 still has various problems in the legal system and enforcement process. Contrary to the original intention of the legislation, it is operated very passively in terms of state intervention and punishment of domestic violence actors in actual operation. Even if it is treated as a home protection case, if you look at the details of the protection disposition, there is a problem that the decision on the protection disposition is biased towards a specific type of protection disposition. In order to improve this, the need for cooperation and active intervention between state agencies is required. In addition, it is necessary to establish a legal basis for a request for personal protection by recognizing the status of a victim who reported domestic violence as a crime reporter. In addition, in order to secure the effectiveness of the protective disposition, it is necessary to strengthen sanctions for non-compliance or violations of the protective disposition.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2014

This paper proposes a payment-based power control scheme using non-cooperative game with a novel pricing function in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). The proposed algorithm considers the fairness of power control among second users (SUs) where the value of per SU' signal to noise ratio (SINR) or distance between SU and SU station is used as reference for punishment price setting. Due to the effect of uncertainty fading environment, the system is unable to get the link gain coefficient to control SUs' transmission power accurately, so the quality of service (QoS) requirements of SUs may not be guaranteed, and the existence of Nash equilibrium (NE) is not ensured. Therefore, an alternative iterative scheme with sliding model is presented for the non-cooperative power control game algorithm. Simulation results show that the pricing policy using SUs' SINR as price punishment reference can improve total throughput, ensure fairness and reduce total transmission power in CRNs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.365-374
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• 2023

Objectives: After the MSDS submission and non-disclosure review system was introduced in January 2021, there were compliance difficulties in the field. Accordingly, for the establishment of the MSDS system, the government intends to investigate what has been improved and what urgently needs to be improved in the future, and to suggest detailed improvement plans. Methods: The background and problems of urgent difficulties in the field handling chemicals were investigated, and realistic improvement plans were derived through review of other laws related to the MSDS system and overseas cases. Results: In order to guarantee the safety of the public while at the same time promoting corporate R&D, it is necessary to alleviate the non-disclosure screening system for chemical substances for R&D, and to improve the irrationality of failing to implement the non-disclosure screening system due to information on unclassified substances being circulated. For this reason, it seems necessary to ease the requirement to submit all ingredients. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen punishment to raise awareness so that health problems do not occur due to the harmfulness and danger of hidden substances among workers who handle chemical substances and downstream users due to false descriptions in MSDS. Conclusions: All members of our society, including chemical manufacturers/importers and handling companies, academia, civil society, and the government, each subject of chemicals, should take an interest in the entire process from production to disposal of chemicals and work together to prevent harm to the public.