• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.409-417
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• 2019

In this study, a $480m^3/day$ pilot device was constructed through laboratory experiments based on the Ministry of Environment manual. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of CSO treatment and backwashing characteristics by applying the pilot device to the field. The purpose of this study was to acquire the basic data necessary for the design and operation management of the real scale filtration type non-point pollution control system. The filtration was conducted while maintaining the linear velocity of 20m/hour. The CSO treatment efficiencies of the pilot devices were 0.4-76.1%(mean 49.0 %), SS 51.4-91.6%(mean 77.8%), COD 22.2-59.4% (mean 38.3%) and TP 14.5-52.6%(mean 38.1%),respectively. The correlation coefficient between SS and the turbidity of influent water was 0.90, higher than that of CSO. To operate the treatment system effectively, the turbidity can be easily measured in real time as the monitoring item is the most appropriate because SS is the main target substance of the non-point source. As a result of analyzing the adsorbent treatment characteristics of PP filter material applied to this pilot device, the average particle diameter range of influent was $4.6-40.1{\mu}m$(mean $21.2{\mu}m$) and the treated water was $0.9-24.5{\mu}m$(mean $6.4{\mu}m$), respectively. Particles of approximately 10m or less are leached out, and so it is necessary to compensate for the raw water containing micro particulate matter.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

This study was carried out to understand the water quality characteristics of the initial stormwater runoff and the origin of soluble pollutants according to various rainfall conditions from a non-point source reducing facility. The water sample from this study was collected among 10 collection facilities in the G-drainage area. Specifically, five of the collection points including #1, #5, #8, #9, and #10 were reported with unknown water inflow even during non-rain conditions. The leakage characteristics of non-point pollutants from the collection facilities were then able to identify accordingly. The water quality characteristics of the stormwater runoff from the collection facilities were strongly affected by the amounts of rainfalls. The average concentrations of EC, BOD, TOC, and TN during non-rain were found to be higher than their concentrations during rain; on the other hand, the average concentrations of DO were found to be lower than its concentrations during rain. In addition, the distribution of organic components existing in the effluent of collection facilities were identified based on the dissolved organic matter analysis. In summary, the stormwater runoff was highly affected by pollutants flowing from the surrounding environment, and the amounts of hard-to-decompose humic substances were greatly increased in the collection facilities due to rain.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.99-110
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• 2023

Non-point source (NP) pollutants in an agricultural landuse are discharged from a large area compared to those in other land uses, and thus effective source control measures are needed. To develop appropriate control measures, it is necessary to quantify discharge load of each source and evaluate the degree of water quality improvement by implementing different options of the control measures. This study used Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) to quantify pollutant discharge loads from different sources and effects of different control measures on water quality improvements, thereby supporting decision making in developing appropirate pollutant control strategies. The study area is the Gyeseong river watershed in Changnyeong county, Gyeongsangnam-do, with agricultural areas occupying the largest proportion (26.13%) of the total area except for the forest area. The main pollutant sources include chemical and liquid fertilizers for agricultural activities, and manure produced from small scale livestock facilities and applied to agriculture lands or stacked near the facilities. Source loads of chemical fertilizers, liquid fertilizers and livestock manure of small scale livestock facilities, and point sources such as municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), community WWTPs, private sewage treament plants were considered in the HSPF model setup. Especially, NITR and PHOS modules were used to simulate detailed fate and transport processes including vegitation uptake, nutrient deposition, adsorption/desorption, and loss by deep percolation. The HSPF model was calibrated and validated based on the observed data from 2015 to 2020 at the outlet of the watershed. The calibrated model showed reasonably good performance in simulating the flow and water quality. Five Pollutants control scenarios were established from three sectors: agriculture pollution management (drainge outlet control, and replacement of controlled release fertilizers), livestock pollution management (liquid fertilizer reduction, and 'manure management of small scale livestock facilities) and private STP management. Each pollutant control measure was further divided into short-term, mid-term, and long-term scenarios based on the potential achievement period. The simulation results showed that the most effective control measure is the replacement of controlled release fertilizers followed by the drainge outlet control and the manure management of small scale livestock facilities. Furthermore, the simulation showed that application of all the control measures in the entire watershed can decrease the annual TN and TP loads at the outlet by 40.6% and 41.1%, respectively, and the annual average concentrations of TN and TP at the outlet by 35.1% and 29.2%, respectively. This study supports decision makers in priotizing different pollutant control measures based on their predicted performance on the water quality improvements in an agriculturally dominated watershed.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.37-58
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• 2013

In recently, the low impact development(LID) is discussed at various fields being related to urban stormwater, non-point source pollution, and quality of life. It is understood as an integrated development tool to induce sustainable development with various value-social, economic, and aesthetic. As concerning the development of waterfront area, the low impact development is interested in environmental planning. But the planning process and factors are not considered in precedent research. This study has two purposes. The one is to understand the planning process and factors of low impact development from literature review. The other is to apply the planning factors using case study and to know the effect of low impact development as the simulation plan. The simulation plan is based on some landuse planning. It is divided into the setting the region for environmental protection and the function of public facilities, spatial planning for enlarging permeable area, and spatial planning for circulation of water. The simulation model uses the LIDMOD2. The 14 planning factors of low impact development is applied to case region. And the effect is about 7~10 percent in reduction of nonpoint source pollution and surface runoff.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.440-447
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• 2007

This paper is dealing with recent hot issues related with copper toxicity and its criteria, which was caused by a new government policy relocating some industries discharging priority-water quality pollutants from the watershed of Han River to other regions. Author is not interested in arguments between two sides of anti- and pro-policy but would like to go over status of copper pollution and its management and regulatory policy in Korea. From the data of published Research Journals and Reports, it can be concluded that copper is very common metal not only in the effluent from publically owned wastewater treatment plants, but also as a non-point source pollutant in the rainfall runoff. In addition, there have been very few studies personal interests, not by National Fund Basis. In order to enforce a new regulation, national-wide macro and micro-mass balance work of heavy metals should be performed in advance. In particular, background concentration and measurement errors have to be clearly defined before a new standard or criteria is established. The new standard has to be acceptable in terms of the best available technology and cost.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.980-987
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• 2012

Nonpoint source pollution causes leaks and overtopping, depending on the state of the sewer network as well as aggravates the pollution load of the aqueous water system as it is introduced into the sewer by wash-off. According, the need for efficient sewer monitoring system which can manage the sewage flowrate, water quality, inflow/infiltration and overflow has increased for sewer maintenance and the prevention of environmental pollution. However, the sewer monitoring is not easy since the sewer network is built in underground with the complex nature of its structure and connections. Sewer decontamination mechanism as well as pipe network monitoring and fault diagnosis of water network system on system analysis proposed in this study. First, the pollution removal pattern and behavior of contaminants in the sewer pipe network is analyzed by using sewer process simulation program, stormwater & wastewater management model for expert (XP-SWMM). Second, the sewer network fault diagnosis was performed using the multivariate statistical monitoring to monitor water quality in the sewer and detect the sewer leakage and burst. Sewer decontamination mechanism analysis with static and dynamic state system results showed that loads of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) during rainfall are greatly increased than non-rainfall, which will aggravate the pollution load of the water system. Accordingly, the sewer outflow in pipe network is analyzed due to the increased flow and inflow of pollutant concentration caused by rainfall. The proposed sewer network monitoring and fault diagnosis technique can be used effectively for the nonpoint source pollution management of the urban watershed as well as continuous monitoring system.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.330-337
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• 2018

The Korean Eutrophication Index($TSI_{ko}$) was estimated using water quality monitoring data of eight main sites in the SoOoak River watershed. The environmental characteristics of rivers were classified and evaluated using the $TSI_{ko}$ for each factor calculated by COD, T-P, and Chl-a. There is a good condition for the algae to grow due to shallow water depth, inflow of non-point source pollution during rainfall, influx of sewage treatment effluent and increase of residence time. It shows trophic state more than mesotrophication year round. Especially, in case of Chuso point, which is the inflow point of Daecheong Lake, the water quality deteriorated due to hydraulic characteristics and showed the eutrophic state. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the measures to improve the water quality through the precise monitoring of SoOak River.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.469-482
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• 2018

This research has developed the criteria and index for systematically and objectively assessing the quality of river water by fixing the various factors that affect Gyeongin ARA waterway's water quality through analysis with the Delphi Technique and analytic hierarchy program (AHP) Method. Based on the results, the highest criteria are, in order of importance, physical and environmental factors 28%, administrative factors 26%, natural fixed factors 26% and finally, cultural and social factors 20%. The three dimensions of the criteria show that for the internal physical and environmental factors, the most important are the loss of self-purification capacity, and the external factors are Gulpocheon and the sludge deposit due to Gyulhweon-weir the bridge. The facility factor in management was affected by the coagulation and waste water disposal facilities. The problem for the policy and institutional factors was seen in the regulatory area. The aquatic ecology/ point pollution source for the natural fixed factors show that it is due to the polluted water of Gulpo-cheon and the living environment/ non-point pollution source is shown through the inflow water from other rivers. Cultural and social factors show that the economical causes were due to the cargo and passenger flight operations and the external factors of having a lack of sewage treatment equipment have an importance effect. In order to estimate the order of priority through logical evidence and objectivity, future research must be continued on the evaluation indexes to measure the specific methodology and technique needed to improve the Gyeongin ARA Waterway.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.6B
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• pp.653-663
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to establish a database of weather, hydrology, point source pollution management, reservoir release and tillage management for SWAT model evaluation of Anseongcheon watershed ($370.1km^2$, the upstream of Gongdo water level gauging station), and to use them for the following research of future climate and land use change impact on streamflow and stream water quality. It is expected that the database can achieve the practical analysis of current watershed hydrologic and environmental condition. The model calibration and validation were conducted using the constructed database. The model results showed that the tillage management affected the temporal shift of pollutant loads, and changed the flow pattern of pollutant transport through cultivation area. It was identified that the April and May irrigation water supply from the agricultural reservoir also affected the streamflow of downstream. The data application of pollutants treatment facilities and tillage management of cultivation area showed about 10% difference in the simulation results of stream water quality. The data establishment of agricultural reservoir operation, the tillage management of cultivated area within the watershed and the attributes inclusion of pollutants treatment facilities were proved to be important in SWAT model evaluation. The results of model setup in this study are expected for more reliable model application in the following research of future climate and land use change impact on hydrology and stream water quality of the study watershed.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1996

DRASTIC system developed by U.S.EPA, is widely used for assessing groundwater pollution potential The system can be applied to site selection of well or waste disposal, Ianduse planning for groundwater protection, and monitoring. In this study, GIS(Geographic Information System) was established hydrogeological database of DRASTIC system and cartographic modeling to asre:; regional groundwater pollution potential around Chungju Lake. Hydrogeological factors of the system were depth to water, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, slope and hydraulic conductivity. Risk of groundwater pollution to non -point source pollution, was also analyzed by incorporation of actual pollution sources(N, P) and DRASTIC system. The GIS data could be very quickly analysed hydrogeological characteristics of the study area by graphic user interface programs devel¬oped with AML(ARC Macro Language) of ARC/INFO.