• 농촌계획
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.143-157
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• 2010

This study provides a physical indicator of landscape that can be guidelines so as to evaluate landscape agricultural region for visual landscape planning, finds out the guideline for visual landscape planning lastly through examining importance of indicators and the preference of each indicator of landscape. The physical landscape indicators were derived from document study and questionnaire survey to evaluate visual landscape on landscape agricultural region. In addition, field study was conducted to examine and inspect the physical landscape indicator, managers' interview and photograph was took for evaluating the landscape simulation. Moreover, the important elements for visual landscape planning of landscape agricultural region, the importance of physical landscape indicator and the preferences of each indicator were derived by conducting questionnaire to experts and general publics. The physical landscape indicator guideline was established from the following procedures. In case of the land, flat area had higher preference than steep region. So, planning an agricultural area at a flat region with open space will be better than establishing an agricultural area on a steep region. In case of the kind of landscape crops, For the background of landscape agricultural region, the seashore type had the highest preference and mountain type and non-background type was followed in order. According to the study, facilities built with natural elements such as straw-roofed pavilion received high preference. Therefore, look-out shed and straw-roofed pavilion should be introduced in the landscape agriculture planning to select materials and colors to keep harmony with the nature. The result of this study could be used as a best choice for improving visual landscape of landscape agricultural region on selecting suitable land, facilities and so on. Moreover, the results of manager interview could be used as a useful tool in the management and formation of visual landscape. The landscape point evaluating visual landscape of landscape agricultural region could be used as a reference for establishing relative guideline for the direct payment program for rural landscape conservation and landscape agreement. In addition, it could be a useful reference to improve the general landscape and revitalize the rural area.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.1162-1169
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• 1999

Modern livestock production facilities face both challenges and opportunities with respect to sustainable manure management practices. Nutrient recycling is constrained by the size of modern livestock operations, the low nutrient density of liquid manures, and the spatial and temporal variability of manure nutrient concentrations. These constraints can and must be addressed or farmers will be increasingly drawn to nutrient wasting strategies such as anaerobic lagoons, wetlands, and other systems designed to treat and discharge nutrients to the environment. Intentional discharge of nutrients is difficult to justify in a sustainable agricultural production system, since replacing those nutrients through chemical fertilization requires considerable expenditure of energy. In contrast, there are several currently viable technologies which provide the homogenization and stabilization needed to successfully compete against chemical fertilizers, including composting, pelletization, and anaerobic digestion. Some of these technologies, particularly anaerobic digestion and composting, also open up increased opportunities to market the energy and nutrients in manure to non-agricultural uses. Future advances in biotechnology are likely to demonstrate additional options to transform manure into fuels, chemicals, and other non-agricultural products.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.264-272
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 국내 비도심 지역의 교통사고 저감을 위해 충청권을 대상으로 기존연구에서 수행된 관련 문헌 검토, 교통사고분석시스템 자료를 통한 요인분석 및 군집분석과 설문조사, 충청권 교통사고 특성을 분석하여 실정에 맞는 3가지 교통안전기술을 제안한 바에 이어, 실제 적용 가능한 교통안전시설물의 상세 설계 및 테스트베드 적용, 만족도 조사 및 기술개선에 초점을 맞추고 추가 연구를 수행하였다. 제안된 3가지 기술은 충청권 교통안전수준의 향상을 위한 교통안전시설물로서, 보행자 건널목 인식등, 교통약자 노견용 인식 등, 농기계 운행 안전 LED전광판이다. 각각의 기술은 기존 교통안전시설물의 비도심 지역에 적용시 발생가능한 빛 공해 및 제설작업 문제점을 보완하고, 태양광기반 자생기술로서 농촌지역의 교통안전에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

국제농촌지역은 국제적인 농산물 개방 여파, 대도시 인근지역 택지개발 및 산업시설 설치, 각종 레저산업의 유입등 비농업시설이 기존 농경지를 대체 개발하면서 다각적인 발전의 활로를 모색하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 개발속도에 비해 수질솬리는 상대적으로 뒤쳐지는 편이다. 이연구는 개발이 활발한 경기도 OO시 A저수지 유역 대표적인 비농업시설을 중심으로 지하수 및 하철수 시료를 채수하여, 비농업시설 설치운영이 농촌용수 수질에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 연구지역 내 비농업시설에 의한 수질오염은 적절한 처리시설 없이 하수가 A 저수지로무단 방류되는 지역과 공장밀집지역에서 발생했다. 배경수질 분석결과, 두 지역의 하철수 및 지하수에서 (Na+K)-Cl, Ca-(Cl, SO$_4$, Ca-Cl유형들이 나타나 외부 오염 물질의 유입을 보였다. 하수 무단방류지는 면소재지 발생하수가 하천수에 유입됨에 다라 COD, T-N, T-P 오염이 심각했고, 인접한 지하수는 하철수의 유도함양 결과, 화학비료 기원의 NO$_3$-N 오염이 진행 중이었다. 공장밀집지는 T-N, NO$_3$-N 오염이 심각했고, 공장지역 정화조 액상오수의 무단방류가 NO$_3$-N오염의 원이이었다. 축산시설개발지역에서는 가축분뇨에서 기원한 유기물이 하천수 및 지하수에 유입되어NO$_3$-N, Mn오염을 보였다. 농약은 골프장을 비롯한 전체 빈오시설 지역에서 불검출 되었고, SAR(Sodium Adsorption Ratio)-전기전도도 분석 결과,연구지역 용수를 관개용수로 사용 시 알칼리도 및 염도에 대한 위해가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 실버타운, 레저관광지, 골프장 주변 지역의 용수는 대체적으로 수질이 양호했다. 결론적으로 연구지역 내 수질 오염은 국지적인 비농업시설 설치지에서 발생하였으나, 이러나 오염수가 연구지역의 최종 집수지인 A저수지에 유입되면, 타 수계의 청정수와 혼합 희석에 의해 A 저수지에서는 수질 오염이 거의 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 향후 연구지역에 비농업시설이 난립할 경우 A저수지의 희석효과를 기대하기 어려우므로, 농촌개발과 병해할 수 있는 농촌 용수 수질관리 계획이 수립되어 청정한 농촌용수 수질관리가 이루어질 필요가 있다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2005

A monitoring study has been conducted to identify hydrologic conditions, water quality and nutrient loading characteristics of small watershed in Juam Lake. Climate data of the watershed were collected; flow rate was measured and water quality sampling was conducted at the watershed outlet for this study. Water quality data revealed that T-P concentrations meet I grade of lake water quality standard during non-storm period, but degraded up to II-III grade of lake water quality standard during storm period. The observed T-N concentrations always exceeded lake water quality standard. Therefore, T-P was identified as limiting chemical constituent for eutrophication of Juam Lake. T-P concentration of non-storm period also revealed that point source pollution is not serious in the watershed. Three year monitoring results showed that the observed T-N losses were $10.85\~18.88$ kg/ha and T-P losses were $0.028\~0.323$ kg/ha during six month (Mar. - Oct.), respectively. Major portion of runoff amount discharged by a few storm events a year and nutrient load showed apparent seasonal variation. Huge runoff amounts were generated by intense storms, which make application of water treatment or detention facilities ineffective. Monitoring results confirmed that water quality improvement by abating nonpoint source pollution in rural watershed of monsoon climate should be focused on source control. T-P losses from paddy field seemed to consist of significant amount of total load from study watershed. Therefore, management of drainage from paddy field is considered to be important for preventing algal blooming problem in Juam Lake.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.514-522
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• 2022

Non-destructive testing (NDT) technology is a widely used inspection method for agricultural products. Compared with the conventional inspection method, there is no extensive sample preparation for NDT technology, and the sample is not damaged. In particular, NDT technology is used to inspect the internal structure of agricultural products infested by pests. The introduction and spread of pests during the import and export process can cause significant damage to the agricultural environment. Until now, pest detection in agricultural products and quarantine processes have been challenging because they used external inspection methods. However, NDT technology is advantageous in these inspection situations. In this pilot study, we investigated the feasibility of X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify pest infestation in agricultural products. Three kinds of artificially pest-infested fruits (mango, tangerine, and chestnut) were non-destructively inspected using X-ray CT and MRI. X-ray CT was able to identify all pest infestations in fruits, while MRI could not detect the pest-infested chestnut. In addition, X-ray CT was superior to the quarantine process than MRI based on the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), image acquisition time, and cost. Therefore, X-ray CT is more appropriate for the pest quarantine process of fruits than MRI.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2015

Soil moisture shortage can reduce yield of waxy corn because maize is one of the sensitive crops to the drought stress. Farmers cannot irrigate due to limited water resource and irrigating facilities although applying water is the most effective practice to solve the drought problem. The study was conducted to investigate the pre-treatment effect of salicylic acid on reducing drought damage of waxy corn (Zea mays L.). Salicylic acid at concentration of 0.2 mM was applied at seven-leaf stage or ten-leaf stage three times. Drought stress was imposed by withholding irrigation from 11 days before anthesis to 10 days after anthesis. Application of salicylic acid significantly increased ear length by 11.0~12.3% and yield by 8.8~11.3% compared with non-treated control, indicating that the drought injuries of waxy corn can be alleviated through pre-treatment of salicylic acid at the vegetative stage.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2019

Fruit bagging is a traditional way to produce high-quality fruit and to prevent damage from insects and diseases. Growing pears by non-bagging is concerned about the damage from insect, it can be controlled by installing a insect net facility. Wind load should be considered to design the insect net facility because it has the risk of collapse due to the strong wind. So we carried out wind tunnel test for measurement of drag force, where the insect net with porosity about 65% is selected as an experimental subject. As a result of the test, drag force was measured to be 244.14 N when insect net area and wind speed are $1m^2$ and 22.7 m/s respectively. And, drag coefficients for the insect net were found to be about 0.55~0.57, which may be used as the preliminary data to design the insect net facilities at the orchard.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.345-351
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• 2020

Eutrophication of surface waters is commonly caused by excessive inputs of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Nakdong River basin was chosen as the study area to investigate the effect of point and non-point source pollution of nitrogen on eutrophication in water body. Non-point source inputs of nitrogen accounted for approximately 84% in the total nitrogen input of the upper Nakdong river watershed, which mainly consists of agricultural land and forests. However, point source inputs of nitrogen accounted for 58~85% in the total nitrogen input of the middle and lower watersheds, including urban area. Therefore, for watershed near urban area, control of point source inputs of nitrogen may be an optimal method to control eutrophication. In this respect, the enforcing reduction of nitrogen in the final effluent of wastewater treatment facilities is needed. On the other hand, to enact more stringent nitrogen regulations, the LOT (limit of technology) and environmental impact should be considered. In this study nitrogen data were analyzed to propose new nitrogen regulations.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

Recently, the population growth and agricultural development are rapidly undergoing in the South-West Texas. The junction of three river basins such as Lavaca river basin, Colorado-Lavaca Coastal basin and Lavaca-Guadalupe Coastal basin, are interesting for non-point and point source pollutant modeling: Especially, the 2 basins are an intensively agricultural region (Colorado-Lavaca Coastal/Lavaca-Guadalupe Coastal basins) and several cities are rapidly extended. In case of the Lavaca river basin, there are many range land. Several habitat types wide-spread over three relatively larger basins and five wastewater discharge regions are located in there. There are different hazardous substances which have been released. Total nutrient loads are composed of land surface load and river load as Non-point source and discharge from wastewater facilities as point source. In 3 basins region, where point and non-point sources of poll Jtion may be a big concern, because increasing fertilizers and pesticides use and population cause. This project objective seeks to how to assess and control the accumulation of non-point and point source and discuss the main impacts of agriculture and environmental concern as non-point source with water quality related to pesticides, fertilizer, and nutrients and as point source with wasterwater discharge from cities. The GIS technique has been developed to aid in the point and non-point source analysis of impacts to natural resource within watershed. This project shows the losses in $kg/km^2/year$ of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), TN (Total Nitrogen) and TP (Total Phosphorus) in the runoff from the surface of 3 basins. In the next paper, sediment contamination will show how to evaluate in Estuarine habitats of these downstream.