• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.63-90
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• 2002

멜라닌의 정량은 인체에서 화장품의 미백효과를 평가하기 위한 가장 좋은 방법이지만 인체의 멜라닌 측정을 위한 높은 정확성을 가진 non-invasive방법은 아직 확립되지 않은 실정이다. 피부에서 화장품의 미백효과는 피부색의 밝기로 나타낼 수 있으므로 화장품의 미백효력 평가를 위한 재현성있는 방법으로는 피부색측정을 하는 것이 합리적이다 이에 colorimeter, mexameter와 전문가의 육안평가같은 여러 기기나 분석법이 사용되었다. 이 강연에서는 미백효과에 대한 평가를 위한 다양한 평가방법에 대해 자세히 보고하고 각 방법에 대하여 토의하게 될 것이다 그리고 간단히 임상시험에 대한 결과를 보고하고 마지막으로 melanocyte를 정량하는 새로운 non-invasive방법에 대한 model을 제시하려고 한다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.723-735
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• 2018

Indicators to quantitatively assess the physical conditions can help optimize the effectiveness of rehabilitation therapy for stroke patients. The body composition variations in the paretic and non-paretic regions of stroke patients with cerebral infarction (7 males, 31 females) were analyzed using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance. Specifically, resistance (R), lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM), extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), R/LM relation, basal metabolic rate (BMR)/LM relation were utilized to evaluate the paretic and non-paretic regions of subjects with cerebral infarction. These values showed significant differences in gender and paretic/non-paretic regions. R and FM were high but LM and ICW were lower in female and paralysis. ECW was lower in females than males, but there was no considerable difference between paralysis and non-paralysis in both males and females. In addition, there was an inverse distribution between R and LM in paretic and non-paretic regions, with males on the upper left and females on the lower right. Furthermore, the relationship between BMR and LM showed excellent linearity (slope: 22.17 kcal/day/kg) irrespective of gender, paralysis, and non-paralysis. An easy, non-invasive and quantitative assessment using bioelectrical impedance would provide an useful tool for evaluating patients with cerebral infarction receiving rehabilitation therapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1327-1331
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• 2014

Background: Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a new non-invasive, mobile screening method which does not use ionizing radiation to the human breast; allows conducting quantitative assessment of the images besides the visual interpretation. The aim of this study was to correlate the quantitative assessment and visual interpretation of breast electrical impedance tomographs and associated factors. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty mammography patients above 40 years and undergoing EIT were chosen using convenient sampling. Visual interpretation of the images was carried out by a radiologist with minimum of three years experience using the breast imaging - electrical impedance (BI-EIM) classification for detection of abnormalities. A set of thirty blinded EIT images were reinterpreted to determine the intra-rater reliability using kappa. Quantitative assessment was by comparison of the breast average electric conductivity with the norm and correlations with visual interpretation of the images were determined using Chi-square. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the mean electrical conductivity between groups and t-test was used for comparisons with pre-existing Caucasians statistics. Independent t-tests were applied to compare the mean electrical conductivity of women with factors like exogenous hormone use and family history of breast cancer. Results: The mean electrical conductivity of Malaysian women was significantly lower than that of Caucasians (p<0.05). Quantitative assessment of electrical impedance tomography was significantly related with visual interpretation of images of the breast (p<0.05). Conclusions: Quantitative assessment of electrical impedance tomography images was significantly related with visual interpretation.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2009

Positron emission tomogrpahy (PET) represents the most advanced scintigraphic imaging technology. With the increase in availability of PET, the clinical use of PET has grown in medical fields. This can be employed for cardiovascular research as well as for clinical applications in patients with various cardiovascular disease. PET allows non-invasive functional assessment of myocardial perfusion, substrate metabolism and cardiac innervation and receptors as well as gene expression in vivo. PET is regarded as the gold standard for the detection of myocardial viability, and it is the only method available for the quantitative assessment of myocardial blood flow. This review focuses on the clinical applications of myocardial perfusion PET in coronary artery disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5811-5815
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• 2012

Background: Non-invasive oral verrucous carcinoma (OVC) and invasive well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have similar histopathologic findings but different biological behavior. These two malignancies must be correctly differentiated by pathologists. The aim of this study was to determine immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of Ki67 in OVC and well-differentiated OSCC. Methods: Expression of Ki67 was evaluated by IHC in 15 cases of epithelial hyperplasia with no dysplasia (A group), 15 cases of OVC (B group), 12 cases of microinvasive OSCC(C group) and 15 cases of well-differentiated OSCC (D group). Results: There was a significant difference in Ki67 expression based on pattern distribution of immunostaining positive cells, with quantitative and semi-quantitative analyses, among the four groups ; also, between A group and each of the other three groups (P=0.0001). But there was no significant difference between B and C, C and D, and B and D groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: The three evaluation methods of Ki67 expression showed Ki67 (Mib-1) is not a good immunohistochemical marker to assess invasion status and differentiate OVC from well-differentiated OSCC; also, it cannot be used as a diagnostic tool to distinguish between variants of OSCC with similar grade.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2004

A thromboembolic stroke is believed to be precipitated by a rupture of vulnerable atheromatous plaques. Until recently the assessment of a further risk of stroke in high-risk patients in whom atherosclerosis has presented with a transient ischaemic attack (TIA), has been confined to a quantitative assessment of the luminal patency of the internal carotid artery. These traditional stratification parameters are no longer believed to be the most accurate predictors of a thrombo-embolism. This is because the process of vessel wall remodeling can maintain a luminal patency, and consequently, quite large friable plaques may remain unidentified. Accordingly, there is a need for an improved risk assessment. The fibrous cap of a vulnerable plaque is thinner, and an intraplaque hemorrhage and inflammation can occur during the development of atherosclerotic plaque. Several imaging methods for identifying vulnerable plaques have been developed. Recently, high resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has emerged as an accurate non-invasive tool that can characterize the carotid plaque components in vivo. A High resolution carotid magnetic resonance is capable of distinguishing an intact, thick fibrous cap from a thin and ruptured cap in carotid plaque. In addition, a plaque MR can identify the active inflammation and detect a hemorrhage. High resolution carotid MR imaging is a valuable noninvasive method for quantifying the plaque components and identifying vulnerable plaque.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.64-73
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• 2002

FDG-PET has potential as an effective, non-invasive tool to measure tumor response to anticancer therapy. The changes in tumor FDG uptake may provide an early, sensitive guide to the clinical and subclinical response of tumors to cancer treatment, as well as functional assessment of residual viable tumor. This may allow the evaluation of subclinical response to anticancer drugs in early clinical trials and improvements in patients management. However, monitoring tumor responses with FDG-PET is still in its infancy. The methods of measurement of FDG uptake are currently diverse and timing with respect to anti cancer therapy variable. Therefore, there is a need for larger-scale trials along with standardized methodology and a collection of reproducibility data. The recent guideline from the European group seems to be the most comprehensive. In future, the combination of morphological and metabolic images may improve the quantitative nature of these measurements by relating tumor viability to total tumor mass. More data on sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET technique are needed along with continued advancement of PET methodology.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.2989-2993
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• 2016

The commonest cancer in Egyptian females occurs in the breast cfDNA is a non-invasive marker for tumor detetion and prognostic assessment in many types of cancer including breast cancer. This study aimed to assess the role of cfDNA and its fragmentation pattern in breast cancer prognosis and treatment response. Forty female patients with malignant breast tumors and a comparable group of healthy blood donors were enrolled prospectively. cfDNA levels and fragmentation patterns were investigated after cfDNA extraction, gel electrophoresis and gel analysis. The percentage of breast cancer patients positive for cfDNA (92.5%) was significantly higher than that of controls (55%). Also, mean concentration of cfDNA was significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). Most Her-2 positive patients had long cfDNA fragments, this being significant as compared to Her-2 negative patients (P<0.05). Metastasis was also positively linked to significantly higher cfDNA (P<0.05) and the mean cfDNA integrity index was significantly higher in non-responders compared to treatment responders (P<0.05). In conclusion, both qualitative and quantitative aspects of cfDNA and its different fragments in breast cancer patients could be related to prognosis, metastasis and treatment response. Long cfDNA fragments could be particularly useful for prediction purposes.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2021

Currently, the naked eyes-based diagnosis of bone metastases on CT images relies on qualitative assessment. For this reason, there is a great need for a state-of-the-art approach that can assess and follow-up the bone metastases with quantitative biomarker. Radiomics can be used as a biomarker for objective lesion assessment by extracting quantitative numerical values from digital medical images. In this study, therefore, we evaluated the clinical applicability of non-invasive and objective bone metastases computer-aided diagnosis using radiomics-based biomarkers in CT. We employed a total of 21 approaches consist of three-classifiers and seven-feature selection methods to predict bone metastases and select biomarkers. We extracted three-dimensional features from the CT that three groups consisted of osteoblastic, osteolytic, and normal-healthy vertebral bodies. For evaluation, we compared the prediction results of the classifiers with the medical staff's diagnosis results. As a result of the three-class-classification performance evaluation, we demonstrated that the combination of the random forest classifier and the sequential backward selection feature selection approach reached AUC of 0.74 on average. Moreover, we confirmed that 90-percentile, kurtosis, and energy were the features that contributed high in the classification of bone metastases in this approach. We expect that selected quantitative features will be helpful as biomarkers in improving the patient's survival and quality of life.

• Near Infrared Analysis
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2001

A non-invasive spectroscopic method is presented for the measurement of pulmonary edema. Both early diagnosis and quantitative edema estimates were investigated. The spectroscopic determination of pulmonary edema involved the acquisition of diffuse reflectance spectra in the near-infrared (NIR) region with change in water concentration - water is the main constituent of edema fluid. Pulmonary edema was induced into the excised perfused lungs of seven animals by elevating the hydrostatic pressure. Estimates of edema were ascertained from a partial least squares regression of the measured spectral response. Actual edema was determined from the change (increase) in total lung weight. Estimates in relative lung weight increases due to in vitro edema were made with the near infrared spectra. The results revealed that fluid accumulation produced spectral changes in the O-H and C-H absorptions as well as scattering changes in the spectra. Histology of the lung was used to verify the presence or absence of interstitial and alveolar edema. Results demonstrated that near infrared spectroscopy might provide a new tool for clinical assessment of pulmonary edema.