• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.242-248
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• 2018

Bicycle fittings have been used to ride bicycles comfortably while minimizing non-traumatic injuries. To analyze the cause of non-traumatic injuries, it is necessary to measure the body weight distribution in various biking positions. In this study, a weight distribution measurement system was implemented by installing five weighable devices on the saddle, both pedals, and both handle grips of a bicycle. To measure the body weight applied through the saddle, the structure of a commercial seat post was modified and a load cell was installed inside. Weighable pedals and handle grips were designed using a 3D modeling program and fabricated by employing a 3D printer. The body weight distribution for ten bicycle riders was measured when the two pedals were aligned horizontally and vertically. Experimental results showed that the body weight distribution varied significantly depending on human body shape, even after the bicycle fitting was completed. The difference between the body weight measured by the proposed system and a commercial scale was less than 3 %.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.535-549
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• 1998

A numerical study for performance analysis of a counterflow type forced draft tower and natural draft cooling tower has been performed based on the method using the finite volume method with non-orthogonal body fitted and non-staggered grid system. For solving the coupling problem between water and air, air enthalpy balance, moisture fraction balance, water enthalpy balance, and water mass balance equations are solved with Navier-Stoke’s equations simultaneously. For the effect of turbulence, the standard k-$\varepsilon$ turbulent model is implied in this analysis. The predicted result of the present analysis is compared with the experimental data and the commercial software result to validate the present study, The predicted results show good agreement with the experimental data and the commercial software result. To investigate the influence of the cooling tower design parameters such as approach, range and wet bulb temperature, parametric studies are also peformed.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2000

A numerical study for performance analysis of a crossflow-type forced draft cooling tower has been performed based on the finite volume method with non-orthogonal body fitted, and non-staggered grid system. For solving the coupling problem between water and air, air enthalpy, moisture fraction, water enthalpy, and water mass balance equations are solved with Navier-Stoke's equations simultaneously. For the effect of turbulence, the standard k-$\varepsilon$ turbulent model is implied in this analysis. The predicted result of the present analysis is compared with the experimental data and the commercial software result to validate the present study. The predicted results show good agreement with the experimental data and the commercial software result. To investigate the influence of the cooling tower design parameters such as approach, range and wet bulb temperature, parametric studies are also performed.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.243-257
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• 2006

This study is to introduce the Chinese Contract Law against non-performance of the contract and to solve the wide range of problems involving to executing the trading contract. The parties' liability for the period of performance, the place of performance, the failure to deliver conforming goods together with it's nature of the lack of conformity, and the methods of compensation against damages and the force majeure clauses application. Those issues affect directly to commercial transactions in international business. The focus is more on the interrelationship of private individuals in its trade and on aiming to remove the legal obstacles from the Chinese Contract Law to freely flow of international trade. Reference may include foreign corrupt practices, Conventions on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and Laws of England, France, and Japan. This study has brought the efforts of these issues in the full spectrum of performance and with concentrations on effectiveness to avoid the different viewpoints of the general principles of CISG and commercial practice founded pre-eminently. This study, in presenting the legal framework, will contribute to a better understanding of the purpose of rules of Chinese Contract -Law as they interact to the benefit of the parties involved in international trade transactions. The writer believes that a problem-oriented approach and the concentration as outlined above would offer a different perspective for law faculty teaching in this area and hope that this study can be sufficiently diverse to satisfy many of those views.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 2020

Sphacelaria is a filamentous brown algal genus that can be epibiotic on macroalgae, marine plants, and sea turtles. Its important role in benthic ecosystems, exposure to different stressors (e.g., grazing), and use as a model organism make Sphacelaria ideal for assessing physiological responses of organisms to environmental inputs. Single-cell RNA sequencing is a powerful new probe for understanding environmental responses of organisms at the molecular (transcriptome) level, capable of delineating gene regulation in different cell types. In the case of plants, this technique requires protoplasts ("naked" plant cells). The existing protoplast isolation protocols for Sphacelaria use non-commercial enzymes and are low-yielding. This study is the first to report the production of protoplasts from Sphacelaria fusca (Hudson) S.F. Gray, using a combination of commercial enzymes, chelation, and osmolarity treatment. A simple combination of commercial enzymes (cellulase Onozuka RS, alginate lyase, and driselase) with chelation pretreatment and an increased osmolarity (2512 mOsm/L H₂O) gave a protoplast yield of 15.08 ± 5.31 × 10⁴ protoplasts/g fresh weight, with all the Sphacelaria cell types represented. Driselase had no crucial effect on the protoplast isolation. However, the increased osmolarity had a highly significant and positive effect on the protoplast isolation, and chelation pretreatment was essential for optimal protoplast yield. The protocol represents a significant step forward for studies on Sphacelaria by efficiently generating protoplasts suitable for cellular studies, including single-cell RNA sequencing and expression profiling.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.373-383
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• 2021

This article aims to examine the one-way relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the financial performance of Vietnamese commercial banks, mainly focusing on the moderating role of ownership structure. Net interest margin (NIM), return on assets (ROA), and return on equity (ROE) are selected to represent the financial performance of the bank. CSR was measured using a multi-method approach that included both quantitative and qualitative methods. Corporate Social Responsibility Expenditure (CSRE) was estimated using financial data. The Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) index was created using the content analysis method. Using a sample of Vietnamese commercial banks from 2012 to 2019 to perform regressions in the dynamic panel models with the two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator, the results show a positive effect of both CSRE and CSRD on the financial performance of the bank. Empirical evidence shows that the positive relationship between CSRE and financial performance is more robust in statecontrolled banks than non-state-controlled banks. In contrast, the positive impact of CSRD on the financial performance of state-owned commercial banks is weaker than that of private banks. Finally, the paper points out the limitations and proposes future research directions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 2023

Since the banking industry relies so heavily on strong customer-staff interactions, measuring employee job satisfaction has become a critical problem. To achieve benefits for both individuals and organizations, it is crucial to foster and ensure employee job satisfaction. The main objective of this study is to determine the influencing factors of employees' job satisfaction in commercial banks in Bangladesh. This study focused on some significant factors such as employee empowerment, job security, management support, and attractive compensation in an organization. In terms of research purpose, non-probability convenience sampling has been used, and the study is quantitative in nature. For data collection purposes, an online survey questionnaire was prepared based on previously published articles. The targeted population was the bank employees of commercial banks in Bangladesh where the final sample size was n = 200. For analyzing the collected data, SPSS 26.0 version has been used to test the study model and the proposed hypotheses. This study also shows that employee empowerment, job security, management support, and attractive compensation have positive and significant effects on employees' job satisfaction at the workplace. Finally, this study has offered some extraordinary directions and implications for future research on commercial bank authorities in Bangladesh.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.656-677
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• 2017

This study aims to examine the effects of native advertising on consumer-brand relationship quality (BRQ) formation of the potential consumers in the context of an automotive brand. Specifically, the study verifies (1) whether the respondents cognize the content of native advertisement as an advertisement and (2) how the value dimensions of native advertising impact BRQ through brand attitude (BAT). To fulfill the purposes, the researchers categorized three types of advertisements (product, brand and non-commercial) and then showed three manipulated stimuli to potential consumers in the automotive market before measuring. The findings drawn from the 345 valid cases are as following. First, the rate of respondents' advertising recognition is low in the non-commercial advertisement, while it is high in ones of product and brand. Second, most of the respondents perceive less irritation toward the native ads, especially toward the non-commercial advertisement. Third, the entertainment and informativeness of native advertising positively influence BRQ, while the effect of irritation on BRQ is negative. Also, the effects of advertising value dimensions on BRQ are all mediated by BAT.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.31-50
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• 2020

The leading foreign arbitration agencies have established a representative office in China since 2015 to improve their arbitration agencies' problem being neglected by foreign parties. The Chinese government has enacted a system in which mediation services can be provided in China. The Chinese government seems to expect that if foreign arbitration agencies enter China and compete with Chinese arbitration agencies, Chinese arbitration agencies will also have an opportunity to develop through competition. In addition, it seems to reflect the expectation of Chinese parties that rather than using a foreign arbitration agency under foreign countries as the arbitration site to settle disputes, it would be more advantageous to arbitrate in China as the arbitration site with a foreign arbitration agency. The Chinese government has adopted a strategy to gradually open China's commercial arbitration service market to foreign arbitration agencies. Regarding the scope of arbitration services, China opened an arbitration service market limited to non-profit activities and foreign arbitration agencies in 2015 and then opened it to commercial activities in 2019. Also, the provision of arbitration services by foreign arbitration agencies is limited to foreign-invested companies registered in the Shanghai Pilot Trade Zone and parties in China, which are the counterparties of disputes between them. It will take a little more time to see how much the Chinese government will expand the number of parties that can use foreign arbitration agencies in the future.

• 한국노년학
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.487-502
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• 2007

An objective of this study is to verify factor of exercise adherence of the elder who have carried on exercise for many years at non-commercial sports center. To achieve the objective, I used ethnography, a method of qualitative study. The subjects for this study were 5 members of non-commercial sports center. They have been attending lesson which I have been running Taichi for more than 2 years and carried on exercise for more than 5 years. Main results of this study are as follows. First, the elder who have kept on with exercise showed the eagerness to participate and capacity of self-management through their exercise adherence for many years. Second, various factors such as social, environmental, and social psychological on had a strong effect on a continuous exercise performance. The most remarkable thing of results of this study is a close human connection among instructors, manager and companion is the most effectual factor of the elder's exercise adherence.