• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.141-145
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• 2008

In this paper, non working day for the construction project in Cheongju region considering weather condition for 30 years from 1971 to 2000 and 10 years from 1991 to 2000 as statistical periods was estimated. In Cheongju region, there was no remarkable difference between them because non working day for outside and half outside work was 157days and for interior work 144days at statistics for 30 years., and utside and half outside work was 159days and for interior work 142days at statistics for 10 years.. However, non working day due to high temperature is slightly increased, and non working day due to cold weather is slightly decreased in the case that the recent statistical data was used caused by global warming. Non working day due to rainfall was 23 days at statistics for 30 years, and it was 28 days at statistics for 10 years.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2007년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.558-561
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 청주 및 충주지역의 기후조건에 따른 작업불능일수를 산정하였는데, 작업불능일 산정을 위한 통계기간은 1970년대부터 2000년까지의 30년으로 결정하였다. 먼저 총 작업불능일수는 청주지역의 경우 실외 및 반실내 구간이 157일, 실내 구간이 144일로 산정되었고, 충주지역의 경우 실외 및 반실내 구간이 160일, 실내 구간이 144일로 산정되어 두지역간의 별 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 기온에 의한 작업불능일은 청주와 충주지역 모두 144일로 나타났고, 청주는 겨울철에 109일, 여름철에 45일로 나타났으며, 충주는 겨울철에 115일, 29일로 산정되었다. 강수에 의한 작업불능일은 두 지역 모두 23일로 산정되었다. 산정된 작업불능일의 오차를 줄이기 위해서는 통계기간의 변동이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2006

대부분의 건설현장에서 기후에 대한 공기산정은 정확한 자료 없이 현장관리자의 경험과 직관에 의해 작업불능일수를 정함으로써 잦은 공기조정으로 인한 경제적 손실은 물론 공사주체들 간의 이해관계에서도 많은 문제점을 안고 있다. 일부 건설 현장과 선행연구에서는 작업불능일 산정기준으로 과거 일정기간의 기상평균값을 사용하고 있지만, 과거 산정기간에 대한 기준이 정립되지 않아 현장마다 각기 다른 산정기간을 적용하고 있으며, 적용기간에 따라 산정한 작업불능일수가 서로 다른 실정이다. 뿐만 아니라 최근 대두되고 있는 기후변화는 기후예측을 보다 어렵게 만들고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기후조건별 작업불능일 산정을 위한 산술평균값들 중 최근 몇 년 기간을 산술평균으로 한 예측값이 실제값과의 오차를 최소화시킬 수 있는지 검토하여, 보다 예측성이 높은 산정방법을 제안하고자 한다.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.59-88
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• 2014

주5일 근무제도의 노동시장 외적 효과를 개인-일자리 고정효과 모형을 이용하여 추정한 결과 직장에서 주5일 근무제도의 실시는 근로자의 주관적 건강상태를 향상시키고 운동 횟수를 늘렸으며, 직업훈련 외의 교육이나 연수를 받을 확률을 늘리고 근로자의 주관적 삶의 질을 향상시킨 것으로 나타났다. 또한 문화 활동이나 여가에 사용하는 지출을 늘렸으며 근로자가 일과 직장에 대해 갖는 만족도도 높인 것으로 나타났다. 효과의 상당 부분은 단순한 근로시간의 단축보다는 휴일이 추가된 것에 기인한 것으로 추정되었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.323-332
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• 2020

This study examined Korean employees' meal structure characterized by mealtime, meal places, and companions. The data from 19,692 time diaries, recorded by 9,846 employees aged 19-64 years for two days in the 2014 Korean Time Use Survey, were analyzed for working days and non-working days. Approximately two-thirds of Korean employees ate meals three times a day on both working and non-working days. The breakfast and lunch-times on working days were distributed within two hours, but the dinner time on working days and all three meals on non-working days were dispersed across a three-hour range. Male employees spent three minutes on meal preparation on working days, whereas females spent 30 minutes. On working days, 88% of breakfasts and 67% of dinners were eaten at home. For lunches, 46% were eaten at restaurants, and 42% were at workplaces. The breakfast on working days showed the highest percentage of eating alone (40%) and the dinner on non-working days appeared highest in the percentage of eating with families (69%). The characteristics of Korean employees' meal structure appeared different on working days and non-working days. Such characteristics should be considered in the process of planning nutrition policies and programs for employees.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.188-191
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• 2015

This study is based on the data of velocity actually measured at varied the heights in the last 3 years. As mentioned in the World Meteorological Monitoring Plan(World Weather Watch: WWW), using the meteorological data by radiosonde can calculate the probability of velocity greater than 10m/s which is the standard beginning point of non-working condition by wind. The height is divided into sections, with 100m for each section starting from the ocean surface up to 700m high. The data measured at each section could be used for estimating and predicting the probability of non-working days for the construction nearby. For example, the data of Osan region is expected to be applicable for the project located in Seoul which has similar geographical conditions. As comparing the velocity varied with height, non-working days calculated basing on the measured data shows a variation of from -0.3 to +64 days. However, this study use Weibull distribution which considered more reliable, the result is expected to be more useful, as the data was all actually measured in the real conditions.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2004년도 제5회 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.394-397
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• 2004

대부분의 건설현장에서 기후에 대한 공기산정은 정확한 자료 없이 현장관리자의 경험과 직관에 의해 작업불능일수를 정함으로써 잦은 공기조정으로 인한 경제적 손실은 물로 공사주체들 간의 이해관계에서도 많은 문제점을 안고 있다. 더욱이 최근 대두되고 있는 기후변화는 기후예측을 보다 어렵게 만들고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 공기에 영향을 미치는 기후요소 중 기온과 강우에 대하여 지역별 특징과 기후변화를 분석하고, 현행 산술평균방식을 산정기간별로 예측오차를 비교분석하여 최적의 산정방식을 제안하였다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutritional knowledge, practice of eating behavior guidelines, and problematic dietary habits in working high school students in comparison with non-working high school students. A survey questionnaire was formulated to obtain information on demographic variables, body size, part-time jobs, nutritional knowledge, practice of eating behavior guidelines, and dietary habits. The developed questionnaire was given out to 515 students attending a vocational high school in Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do. Those who had been working 5 hours or more per day for at least a month at the time of survey administration were defined as working students for this study. Proportions of working students were similar between male and female students (i.e. 49.5% for male, 50.5% for female). No significant difference was found in scores of nutritional knowledge between working ($8.43{\pm}2.29$) and non-working students ($8.60{\pm}2.19$). However, some dietary habits were found to be dependent on working status. While approximately 43% of non-working students reported skipping a meal, about 57% of working students did so (p<0.01). The proportion of students with any drinking experience was significantly higher among working students (92%) compared to non-working students (80%) (p<0.001). Working students were found to drink alcoholic beverages more often than non-working students (p<0.001). The mean score of practice of eating behavior guidelines was lower in working students than non-working students. The magnitude of this difference was modest ($51.33{\pm}0.63$ in working students, $53.40{\pm}0.51$ in non-working students), but reached statistical significance (p<0.01). Based on the findings from this study, it is suggested that specific behavior-oriented messages to improve certain problematic dietary habits need to be directed toward working high school students.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the present conditions of the night work and shift work systems in the heavy chemical industrial complexes found in Changwon, Masan, and Chinhae. Korea. We will attempt to define and classify their problems; and to discover further ways to improve their systems. Fifty production factories were carefully selected as the subjects for this study. The shift systems were classified into five categories. The consecutive night shifts were long in almost all cases with 6 days (36 factories) and 7 days (13 factories). It was found that the night work of about] 2 hours continues for a long period in the weekly rotation full-day shift systems and the night-including non-full-day shift systems, and there was no holiday during a shift cycle in the continuous full-day shift systems. The work time in most shift systems was longer than the 44-hours/week permitted by Korean law. Considering the characteristics of these various types of shift systems, the most essential thing to reduce the shift workers' work load may be to shorten their working hours and improve the schedule of shift systems. It is highly recommended as a fundamental solution. to reduce the portal-to-portal hours from 12 to 8 in the night-including non-full-day shift systems and the weekly rotation full-day shift systems, and at least to employ a 4-team 3-shift system in the continuous full-day shift systems. In addition to this, it should from now on be taken as a goal to restructure the types of shift systems by taking such measures as avoiding continuous night work if possible, providing sufficient off-duty intervals both before and after night shift, providing increased opportunities for workers to nap during night work. and increasing the number of holidays.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.1329-1336
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• 2000

Two experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of Murrah buffalo cows pulling sledges under field conditions on milk production and milk composition. In Exp. 1, 24 buffaloes in the fourth month of lactation were used. They were allotted to four treatments according to a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement: work or no work, and with or without urea-molasses cake supplementation (700 g/animal/day). Feeds consisted of 20 kg fresh elephant grass (18% DM), 2 kg rice bran per day and rice straw ad lib. The animals worked in pairs three hours per day (work done: $3464{\pm}786kJ/d$) five days a week for three months. Three teams worked in the morning and the others worked in the afternoon in the same day. The following day the working times were switched. In Exp. 2, 16 lactating Murrah buffalo cows in the sixth month of lactation were allotted to two groups (work and no work). They were fed with fresh ruzi grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis) ad lib. supplemented with 2 kg rice bran and 700 g urea-molasses cake. The working regime was similar to that of the first experiment (work done: $3753{\pm}879kJ/d$) and they worked for two months. In the first experiment, there was a small but significant drop (p<0.05) in milk yield from 3.5 to 3.0 kg/day due to work, but there was no supplementation effect. The working buffaloes lost 5.2 kg whereas the non-working animals gained 9.7 kg during the three months (p<0.05). Supplementation increased live weight by 9.9 kg as compared to -5.4 kg for those not supplemented (p<0.05). Milk composition was not affected by the treatments. In the second experiment, daily milk production was similar for both treatments and approximately 3 kg. No significant differences were found in milk composition or in live weight changes for working and non-working groups, respectively. It was concluded that work may cause a reduction in milk yield and a loss of live weight on a poor rice straw diet but that an appropriate supplementation can alleviate this situation.