• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.519-523
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• 2011

''Nokyang', a new high biomass yield and whole crop silage rice (Oriza sativa L.) cultivar, was developed by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea, during the period from 1996 to 2006 and released in 2007. It was derived from a cross between Yongmoonbyeo/IR67396-16-3-3-1. This cultivar has about 130 days of growth duration from seeding to heading and is tolerance to lodging with erect pubescent leaves, semidwarf (culm length 78 cm) and thick culm. This cultivar has less tillers per hill and more spikelet numbers per panicle than Dasanbyeo. 'Nokyang' has wide and stay green leaf compared other Tongil-type varieties. This new variety is resistant to grain shattering and to some disease including bacterial leaf blight and stripe virus. This variety has good qualities for whole crop silage with high TDN (Total Digestive Nutrient) yield and low NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber) and low ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber) and high RFV (Relative Feed Value) compared to common high grain yield varieties. The biomass and TDN yield performance of 'Nokyang' is 1,652 MT/ha, 9.9 MT/ha, individually in local adaptability test for three years. 'Nokyang' is adaptable to central plain area, south-eastern plain area of Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2015

"Nokyang" (Hordeum vulgare L.), a new whole-crop silage barley cultivar, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Korea in 2012. It was derived from combining "Nagyoung" and breeding line "SB77368-B-145". Among the combinations made in 2001, a promising line, "SB01T2017", showed good characteristics in terms of potential forage yield in the yield trial at Iksan from 2007 to 2009. In 2009, the promising line was designated as "Iksan457" and placed in regional yield trials at six locations around Korea for three years from 2010 to 2012, and was released under the name of "Nokyang." It has the growth habit of a group III creeping plant type, with a light-green leaf and common spike. Its average heading and maturing dates were on May 6 and June 4, respectively, which were later than cultivar "Youngyang." "Nokyang" also showed strong winter hardiness, and a resistance to shattering and barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) similar to those of the check cultivar. The best thing among the traits of one is a new good quality with the plant green at the latter growing period. The average forage dry matter (DM) yields in the regional yield trial were about 12.8 and 11.5 MT $ha^{-1}$ in upland and paddy field, respectively, which were higher than those of the check cultivar, by 7% and 2%, respectively. This cultivar would be suitable for an area of the Korean peninsula where the daily minimum temperature in January is above $-8^{\circ}C$.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 2014

Benzobicyclon induces phytotoxicity to Tongil type rice, although it is an efficient herbicide in paddy. This study was performed to figure out the benzobicyclon-induced phytotoxicity responses of whole crop forage rice genotypes that have the genetic background similar to Tongil type rice, under wet-seeded and transplanted conditions. Mogwoo demonstrated whitening symptom at all the temperatures in both wet-seeding and transplanting by the application of standard and double rates of benzobicyclon. Nokyang, Mogyang and Suweon560 exhibited no or negligible whitening and their plant heights were not reduced at standard rate of benzobicyclon. But in double rate application in wet-seeding, the three genotypes showed 0-8% of white plants at all temperature treatments and reduction in plant height was comparatively larger at $27^{\circ}C$. In transplanting, the double rate application of benzobicyclon at 24 and $27^{\circ}C$ induced 0-32% of whitening plants depending on genotypes while no whitening plants were observed at 18 and $21^{\circ}C$ in all genotypes. Reduction in biomass by double rate of benzobicyclon at 24 and $27^{\circ}C$ was greater than at 18 and $21^{\circ}C$. It is concluded that Mogwoo is extremely sensitive to benzobicyclon and Nokyang, Mogyang and Suweon560 are tolerant to the standard rate of benzobicyclon.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

In order to manufacture feed suitable for consumer use and provide feed value information, we analyzed the feed components of the four main forage rice varieties by plant parts harvested 30 days after heading. The contents of the six feed ingredients were significantly different (p<0.05) among harvested parts. In the panicle, the crude protein (CP) (6.97%) and lignin (3.11%) were the highest, while the crude ash (CA) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents were significantly lower, resulting in a total digestible nutrient (TDN) content of 77.29%, which is higher than that of the stem (64.82%) and leaf blade and sheath (LBS) (63.57%) (p<0.05). In contrast, the content of crude fat (CF) did not differ significantly among parts (p<0.05). In panicles from 'Jonong', 'Nokyang' and 'Yeongwoo', the TDN content of each cultivar was 78.48-79.07%, with no significant difference among the varieties. In 'Mogwoo' (Mw), the CP content was 8.70%, which was much higher than that of other varieties (p<0.05). In particular, the Mw TDN content was slightly lower in the panicle (72.95%) but higher in the stem (75.37%) and LBS (66.49%) than in the other varieties. The CA, NDF, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and lignin contents were also very low compared to other varieties; therefore, the feed value of the stem and LBS was excellent. In addition, the total dry matter weight (DMW) was 123 g per hill, which was much higher than 82-105 g per hill for other varieties. The distribution of DMW by part was LBS (56.9 g), stem (36.8 g), and panicle (29.3 g), and because the parts, except the panicles, were much higher than the 43-57% of other varieties (grain straw ratio: 76%), rice straw is advantageous in terms of quantity and feed value when used as forage on farms. The relative feed value (RFV) of the four cultivars ranged from 86.79-403.74 across all parts, and hay of grade 3 or higher with an RFV of 100 or more increased with delayed heading in both stems and LBS. This is due to the accumulation of starch into grains during ripening, which supports the observation that the RFV of the early flowering 'Jonong' and 'Nokyang' panicles increased.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2015

Rice ratooning is the production of a second rice crop from the stubble left behind after the main-crop harvest. The main advantage of rice ratooning is that in areas where rice is the main crop, double crop of rice can be grown for additional returns. Eight cultivars of rice were tested for estimation their ratooning ability. The main crop was harvested at mass maturity, after which the tillers were mowed to stubbles of about 10 cm tall. And then left without any further input, until the ratooned plant were ready for harvest. Highly significant variations were detected in the ratoon performance among cultivars, with ratoon ability ranging from 0% ('Unkwang', 'Jopeyong', 'Odae', 'Nokyang') to 33% ('Jinbuol') in their grain yield. The maximum grain yield from ratoon rice was 202 and 203 kg/10a for 'Jinbuol' and 'Joun' followed by 'Junamjoseng' 174kg/10a. Protein and amylose contents of ratoon rice were more increased than those of main rice. The platability value of cooked rice of ratoon was lower than that of main crop. Germination rate of the previous year's harvest of rice was not significantly different between ratoon and main crop. This rice ratooning system requires short duration, creating possibility for growing another crop in the same cropping year and offers an opportunity to increase cropping intensity per unit of cultivated areas.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.234-239
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• 2014

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of seeding rates on the forage quality and productivity of direct-seeded whole crop rice at the experimental field of the Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA from 2007 to 2008. Whole crop rice variety, "Nokyang", developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, was directly seeded with four different seeding rates (30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha). There were no significant differences (p<0.05) found in emergence date, heading date, greenish and disease resistance based on the seeding rates. Plant height increased at higher seeding rates but the tiller number per plant decreased (p<0.05). The dry matter (DM) content showed no significant difference based on seeding rates (p<0.05) while the yield of fresh and dry matter increased with incremented seeding rates (p<0.05). Acid detergent fiber (ADF) content increased with higher seeding rates, but the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content did not show a similar tendency. The total digestible nutrient (TDN) content was lowest with 120 kg/ha seeding rate. The grain ratio decreased at higher seeding rates. In economic analysis, the plot seeded at a rate of 60 kg/ha showed the highest income increment. Although high seeding rates increased the DM yield, a seeding rate of 60 kg/ha is recommended as the proper seeding rate for direct-seeded whole crop rice.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.73-73
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• 2017

To set an optimal harvest time of main 7 whole crop silage rice cultivars, Nokyang(Ny), Mogwoo(Mw), Mogyang(My), Jungmo1029(Jm1029), Jungmo1038(Jm1038), Nokwoo(Nw) and Yeongwoo(Yw), based on feed value, we analyzed their feed values such as percent crude protein(CP), crude fat(CF), crude ash(CA), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF) and lignin. It was evaluated every 10 days from heading to 40 days after heading(DAH). Total digestible nutrient(TDN) and relative feed value(RFV) was also calculated from ADF and NDF. As results, CP was generally in decline as increasing DAH in Ny, My, Jm1029, Jm1038 and Yw and decreased to 20 DAH in Mw, decreased after increasing to 30 days in Nw. The CP content of Ny was relatively the highest ranged from 5.3% to 10.1% and Mw the lowest 4.5% to 5.2%, compared to others. CF content tend to decrease as DAH increase in Ny, My and Nw and decreased after increasing to 30 days Jm1029, increased after decreasing to 20 days Jm1038 but was not shown distinct trend of increase or decrease in Mw. Especially, that of Yw's CF gradually increased as harvest time late but relative content the lowest from 1.46% to 2.29% among 7 cultivars. The CA content of Ny, My, Jm1029 and Jm1038 approximately decreased as DAH increased and that of Mw was similar to others after heading, Nw decreased after 10 days and Yw increased after flowering. In all 7 cultivars, NDF and ADF had a tendency to decrease as days accumulated, in particular, Yw was the lowest on 30 DAH and so the content of Yw's TDN the highest(71.5%), while the lowest(67.2%) in Nw. For lignin, particularly, Mw tend to be in decline as DAH increase and was the lowest ranged from 1.34% to 1.87%. ADF analyses allows for the evaluation of in vivo digestible dry matter(DDM) and energy availability and NDF analyses provides the best indication of dry matter intake(DMI). Ultimately, the two factors can be combined to derive RFV for forage. RFV in general increased as DAH increased in all cultivars and was in order, Yw>My>Ny> Jm1038>Mw>Jm1029>Nw on 30 DAH. Taken together when these results, despite a slight increase of TDN after 30 DAH except Yw, considering forage yield potential, digestibility of grains and gradual decrease of CP and CF, the yellow ripe stage, about 30 DAH, was appropriate to harvest whole crop rice for silage use.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.526-531
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• 2014

This study was carried out to compare the growth characteristics and feed values of the whole crop silage rice from paddy field and reclaimed paddy field. The heading dates of tested varieties was August 8 to August 30 in the paddy field, 1~2 days later than the reclaimed paddy field's August 6 to August 29. Plant height was in the range of 105~135 cm in paddy field, and 97~126 cm in reclaimed paddy field, respectively. The plant height of Mokyang was tallest in the paddy field, but Suwon 544 was tallest in the reclaimed paddy field. The number of tiller per plant of Nokyang was largest in the paddy field. Dry matter (DM) yield of whole crop rice ranged from 15.26 to $23.24MT\;ha^{-1}$ in the paddy field and 11.94 to $18.89MT\;ha^{-1}$ in the reclaimed paddy field. The highest DM yield in both fields was attained by Mokwoo. Comparing with the paddy field, the reclaimed paddy field achieved 78~84% in the DM yield. The crude protein content of varieties was 8.5 to 11.6% in the reclaimed tidal land and 6.7~8.7% in the paddy field. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of varieties in both fields ranged from 31.2 to 55.5%. Suwon 544 recorded the highest NDF contents in both fields. All varieties did not show any significant difference in acidic detergent fiber (ADF) which had values ranging from 22.3 to 33.2%. Total digestion nutrient (TDN) was more than 60% overall in both fields. Regarding TDN yield, Mokwoo recorded $16.54MT\;ha^{-1}$ in reclaimed tidal land and $12.69MT\;ha^{-1}$ in the paddy field, which showed the highest figure among the varieties. These results suggest the feasibility for cultivation of the whole crop silage rice in reclaimed paddy field, which showed 80% of the yield compared to paddy field, and implied that Mokwoo would show the most excellent yield and feed value.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2013

'Mogwoo', a new high yield and whole crop silage rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar, was developed by the rice breeding team of the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea, from 1999 to 2009, and was released in 2010. It was derived in 1999 from a cross between Dasanbyeo, having a high yield, and Suweon431/IR71190-45-2-1. A promising line, SR25848-C99-1-2-1, selected by the pedigree breeding method, was designated the name of 'Suweon 519' in 2007. This cultivar has about 155 days of growth period from seeding to heading, and is tolerance to lodging, with erect pubescent leaves as well as a long and thick culm. This cultivar has the same number of tillers per hill and higher spikelet numbers per panicle compared to Nokyang. 'Mogwoo' has longer leaves compared with other Tongil-type varieties. This new variety is resistant to grain shattering, leaf blast, bacterial leaf blight, and small brown planthopper. The biomass yield of 'Mogwoo' was 1,956 kg/10a in a regional test over three years. The result shows that 'Mogwoo' is adaptable to central and south-east plain areas of Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.294-303
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• 2018

To set an optimal harvest time for five main whole-crop silage (WCS) rice cultivars, Nokyang (Ny), Mogwoo (Mw), Mogyang (My), Nokwoo (Nw) and Yeongwoo(Yw), based on feed value and dry matter yield, we analyzed water content (WC), feed values such as percent crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), crude ash (CA), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), estimated total digestible nutrients (TDN), and calculated their dry matter yield (DMY). These parameters were estimated at the booting stage and every 10 days from start of heading to 45 days after heading (DAH) to identify the optimal harvest time for these rice varieties. In all varieties, except Ny, the WC was about 65% on the $30^{th}$ DAH. In terms of WC, it is judged that there would be no major problem in preparing high quality silage when harvested between 20~30 DAH for Ny and about 30 days for the other cultivars. The CP and CA decreased significantly as the harvest time was delayed in all varieties (p<0.05). However, the CF in the tested varieties generally declined as DAH increased, and then increased again(p<0.05). The decrease in ADF and NDF was significantly different from the booting stage to 45 DAH in all varieties (p<0.05) and the estimated TDN increased gradually in all varieties as the harvest time was delayed. The TDN of all varieties, except Nw, was over 70% around 30 DAH. As harvest time was delayed, the DMY for all WCS rice increased significantly (p<0.05). The maximum DMY for each cultivar was observed at 45 DAH, however, no significant difference (p<0.05) was seen after 40 DAH for Ny and Yw, 30 DAH for Mw and Nw, and 20 DAH for My. Considering these results and others factors such as lodging, shattering, digestibility of grains, conversion of eating rice, etc., the optimal harvest time for silage use of all WCS rice tested was generally the yellow ripening stage, at about 30 DAH (30~40 DAH for Ny and Mw, and 30 DAH for My, Nw and Yw).