• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권7호
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• pp.2748-2754
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• 2022

Because existing reactant coolant system (RCS) leakage detection mechanisms are insensitive to small leaks, a real-time, direct detection system with a detection threshold below 0.5 gpm·hr^-1 was studied. A beta-ray detection system using a silicon detector with good energy resolution for beta rays and a low gamma-ray response was proposed. The detection performance in the leakage condition was evaluated through experiments and simulations. The concentration of ¹⁶N in the coolant corresponding to a coolant leakage of 0.5 gpm was calculated using the analytic method and ORIGEN-ARP. Based on the concentration of ¹⁶N and the measurement of the silicon detector with ⁹⁰Sr/⁹⁰Y, the beta-ray count rate was estimated using MCNPX. To evaluate the effect of gamma rays inside the containment building, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was calculated. To evaluate the count rate ratio, the radiation field inside the containment building was simulated using MCNPX, and response evaluation experiments were performed using beta and gamma rays on the silicon detector. The expected beta-ray count rate at 0.5 gpm leakage was 7.26 × 10⁵ counts/sec, and the signal-to-background count rate ratio exceeded 88 for a transport time of 10 s, demonstrating its suitability for operation inside a reactor containment building.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 Ka대역 소형 레이다용 주파수합성 MMIC(FS MMIC)와 수신 MMIC를 개발하고 개발된 MMIC를 기반으로 소형화 된 Ka대역 주파수합성기와 수신기를 개발하였다. FS MMIC와 기저대역 신호를 수신하는 WR(wireless-receiver) MMIC는 65 nm CMOS 공정으로 제작하였고, Ka대역 신호를 수신하는 FE(front-end) MMIC는 150 nm GaN 공정으로 제작하였다. FS MMIC를 바탕으로 개발된 주파수합성기의 출력신호를 이용하여 Ka 대역 신호에 대한 주파수선형변조 파형과 펄스 파형을 측정하고 송신 파형 생성 가능성을 확인하였다. FE MMIC 및 WR MMIC로 구성된 수신기의 성능은 이득 80 dB 이상, 잡음지수 6 dB 이하, OP1dB 10 dBm 이상으로 측정되었다. 측정결과를 통해 본 논문에서 개발된 주파수합성기, 수신기는 Ka 대역 소형 레이다에 적용 가능한 것으로 판단된다.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2022

큐브위성 관제를 위해 국제전기통신연합(ITU, International Telecommunication Union)에서 할당하고 있는 아마추어 주파수 가운데 3개의 주파수 대역(VHF/UHF/S-band)에 대하여, 큐브위성 지상국을 보유하고 있는 국내 10개 기관 사이트의 전파환경을 24시간 동안 각각 측정하였다. 측정된 결과를 바탕으로 큐브위성의 하향 교신주파수에서의 지상국 주변 전파잡음과 큐브위성 RF 통신링크에서 허용가능한 지상국 주변의 간섭잡음 요구조건을 비교하여 영향성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 S 대역 환경은 다양한 무선 기기의 주파수가 혼재되어 사용되므로 지상국 주변 전파환경을 고려하여 큐브위성의 하향 교신주파수를 선정하여야 하고 아울러 RF 통신링크 설계나 지상국 시스템을 구성하여야 함을 확인하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.167-179
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• 2022

This article develops a long-term condition assessment method for stay cables in cable stayed bridges using the monitored cable tension forces under operational condition. Based on the concept of influence surface, the matched cable tension ratio of two cables located at the same side (either in the upstream side or downstream side) is theoretically proven to be related to the condition of stay cables and independent of the positions of vehicles on the bridge. A sensor grouping scheme is designed to ensure that reliable damage detection result can be obtained even when sensor fault occurs in the neighbor of the damaged cable. Cable forces measured from an in-service cable-stayed bridge in China are used to demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method. Damage detection results show that the proposed approach is sensitive to the rupture of wire damage in a specific cable and is robust to environmental effects, measurement noise, sensor fault and different traffic patterns. Using the damage sensitive feature in the proposed approach, the metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score, which are used to evaluate the performance of damage detection, are 97.97%, 95.08%, 100% and 97.48%, respectively. These results indicate that the proposed approach can reliably detect the damage in stay cables. In addition, the proposed approach is efficient and promising with applications to the field monitoring of cables in cable-stayed bridges.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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• pp.790-798
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• 2008

Counter-rotating axial flow fan(CRF) consists of two counter-rotating rotors without stator blades. CRF shows the complex flow characteristics of the three-dimensional, viscous, and unsteady flow fields. For the understanding of the entire core flow in CRF, it is necessary to investigate the three-dimensional unsteady flow field between the rotors. This information is also essential to improve the aerodynamic characteristics and to reduce the aerodynamic noise level and vibration characteristics of the CRF. In this paper, experimental study on the three-dimensional unsteady flow of the CRF is performed at the design point(operating point). Flow fields in the CRF are measured at the cross-sectional planes of the upstream and downstream of each rotor using the $45^{\circ}$ inclined hot-wire. The phase-locked averaged hot-wire technique utilizes the inclined hot-wire, which rotates successively with 120 degree increments about its own axis. Three-dimensional unsteady flow characteristics such as tip vortex, secondary flow and tip leakage flow in the CRF are shown in the form of the axial, radial and tangential velocity vector plot and velocity contour. The phase-locked averaged velocity profiles of the CRF are analyzed by means of the stationary unsteady measurement technique. At the mean radius of the front rotor inlet and the outlet, the phase-locked averaged velocity profiles show more the periodical flow characteristics than those of the hub region. At the tip region of the CRF, the axial velocity is decreased due to the boundary layer effect of the fan casing and the tip vortex flow. The radial and the tangential velocity profiles show the most unstable and unsteady flow characteristics compared with other position of rotors. But, the phase-locked averaged velocity profiles of the downstream of the rear rotor show the aperiodic flow pattern due to the mixture of the front rotor wake period and the rear rotor rotational period.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2023

Osteoporosis is a disease in which the risk of bone fractures increases due to a decrease in bone density caused by aging. Osteoporosis is diagnosed by measuring bone density in the total hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine. To accurately measure bone density in the lumbar spine, the vertebral region must be segmented from the lumbar X-ray image. Deep learning-based automatic spinal segmentation methods can provide fast and precise information about the vertebral region. In this study, we used 695 lumbar spine images as training and test datasets for a deep learning segmentation model. We proposed a lumbar automatic segmentation model, CM-Net, which combines the center point of the spine and the modified U-Net network. As a result, the average Dice Similarity Coefficient(DSC) was 0.974, precision was 0.916, recall was 0.906, accuracy was 0.998, and Area under the Precision-Recall Curve (AUPRC) was 0.912. This study demonstrates a high-performance automatic segmentation model for lumbar X-ray images, which overcomes noise such as spinal fractures and implants. Furthermore, we can perform accurate measurement of bone density on lumbar X-ray images using an automatic segmentation methodology for the spine, which can prevent the risk of compression fractures at an early stage and improve the accuracy and efficiency of osteoporosis diagnosis.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.316-328
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• 2023

In this study, the characteristics of nonpoint pollutant outflow and contribution rate of pollution in Songya-stream mainstream and tributaries were analyzed. Further, water pollution management and improvement measures for pollution-oriented rivers were proposed. An on-site investigation was conducted to determine the inflow of major pollutants into the basin, and it was found that pollutants generated from agricultural land and livestock facilities flowed into the river, resulting in a high concentration of turbid water. Based on the analysis results of the pollution load data calculated through actual measurement monitoring (flow and water quality) and the occurrence and emission load data calculated using the national pollution source survey data, the S3 and S6 were selected as the concerned pollution tributaries in the Songya-stream basin. Results of cluster analysis using Pearson correlation coefficient evaluation and Density based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) technique showed that the S3 and S6 were most consistent with the C2 cluster (a cluster of Songya-stream mainstream owned area) corresponding to the mainstream of Songya-stream. The analysis results of the major pollutants in the concerned pollution tributaries showed that livestock and land pollutants were the major pollutants. Consequently, optimal management techniques such as fertilizer management, water gate management in paddy, vegetated filter strip and livestock manure public treatment were proposed to reduce livestock and land pollutants.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2009

터널의 시공은 항상 주변 암반의 손상을 초래한다. 발생하는 손상의 정도는 주변암반의 역학적 및 수리학적 거동에 영향을 미친다. 본 논문에서는 크로스홀 시험을 통하여 P 파 속도를 측정하여 터널주변 암반의 손상을 계측하였다. 발진공에서의 탄성파 신호발생을 위하여 기계적인 충격을 가하였으며 그 결과로 발생된 P파 신호는 잡음이 적으며 파의 초동 도달시간 판별이 용이하였다. 실험결과 암반의 손상이 예상되는 구간에서 P 파의 속도가 낮게 검측 되었다. 크로스홀 공 내 다중의 지점에서 P 파 계측을 수행하여 이차원 P 파 토모그래피를 생성하였는데, 생성된 토모그래피는 터널 배면의 암반 손상이 발생한 구간에 대한 가시적인 결과를 나타내었다. 측정된 P파의 속도로부터 간극율 또는 Q 값과의 상관관계를 통해 암반 특성의 정량적인 손상 평가가 가능하였다.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.173-193
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• 2023

Reliable prediction of the motion of FOWT (floating offshore wind turbine) and associated mooring line tension is important in both design and operation/monitoring processes. In the present study, a 5MW OC4 semisubmersible wind turbine is numerically modeled, simulated, and analyzed by the open-source numerical tool, OpenFAST and in-house numerical tool, Charm3D-FAST. Another commercial-level program FASTv8-OrcaFlex is also introduced for comparison for selected cases. The three simulation programs solve the same turbine-floater-mooring coupled dynamics in time domain while there exist minor differences in the details of the program. Both the motions and mooring-line tensions are calculated and compared with the DeepCWind 1/50 scale model-testing results. The system identification between the numerical and physical models is checked through the static-offset test and free-decay test. Then the system motions and mooring tensions are systematically compared among the simulated results and measured values. Reasonably good agreements between the simulation and measurement are demonstrated for (i) white-noise random waves, (ii) typical random waves, and (iii) typical random waves with steady wind. Based on the comparison between numerical results and experimental data, the relative importance and role of the differences in the numerical methodologies of those three programs can be observed and interpreted. These comparative-study results may provide a certain confidence level and some insight of potential variability in motion and tension predictions for future FOWT designs and applications.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2023

Bridge hangers, such as those in suspension and cable-stayed bridges, suffer from cumulative fatigue damage caused by dynamic loads (e.g., cyclic traffic and wind loads) in their service condition. Thus, the identification of damage to hangers is important in preserving the service life of the bridge structure. This study develops a new method for condition assessment of bridge hangers. The tension force of the bridge and the damages in the element level can be identified using the Bayesian optimization method. To improve the number of observed data, the additional mass method is combined the Bayesian optimization method. Numerical studies are presented to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. The influence of different acquisition functions, which include expected improvement (EI), probability-of-improvement (PI), lower confidence bound (LCB), and expected improvement per second (EIPC), on the identification of damage to the bridge hanger is studied. Results show that the errors identified by the EI acquisition function are smaller than those identified by the other acquisition functions. The identification of the damage to the bridge hanger with various types of boundary conditions and different levels of measurement noise are also studied. Results show that both the severity of the damage and the tension force can be identified via the proposed method, thereby verifying the robustness of the proposed method. Compared to the genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and nonlinear least-square method (NLS), the Bayesian optimization (BO) performs best in identifying the structural damage and tension force.