• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.93-106
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to make clear the indoor environmental efficiency and spatial function of the front balcony in apartments using responses from residents'. An interview survey carried out during the 14/sup th/∼24/sup th/ of January 2003, and a questionnaire survey was given during the 17/sup th/∼29/sup th/of January. Interviewees consisted of 31 residents living in renovated apartments, which had the front balcony added onto the living room. The respondents of the questionnaire survey consisted of 37 residents living in ordinary apartments with an existing front balcony. The residents living in ordinary apartments show relatively positive responses on the indoor thermal environment during winter, glare by daylight, and outdoor noise. The average heating charges of the renovated apartments came out to be more expensive than the ordinary apartments. In most renovated apartments, the living area converted from front balcony was used as the same functions ('space for drying the laundry', 'storage space', or 'space for cultivating of flower pots') of ordinary front balcony. From the results of this study, it is undesirable to renovate the front balcony as an addition to the livingroom.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.493-505
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to examine the regional differences of 0-12 aged children's environment based on their parents' socioeconomic class and on the character of the settlement. One thousand and two hundred households were investigated and the results are as follows. It is revealed that families in low socio-economic class are more likely to be exposed to noise and home crowdedness. Families living in spontaneous settlement are deprived of natural light and the roads to their homes are steep and narrow. Low income families face a housing affordability crisis. Most of them pay housing rent on monthly basis. The basic infrastructure of low income neighborhood is lacking convenient facilities like shopping centers, public transportation systems, banks, public parks, and libraries. This lack of facilities is more severe in spontaneous settlement. Instead, bars and taverns are located in their neighborhood. Accessibility to parks and resource centers is an important factor that makes both middle and low income families consider their neighborhood to be positive and this condition is counted better in social housing area than in spontaneous settlement. On the contrary, social networks like friends and relatives are strong in spontaneous settlement and families in poverty value these relationships. Such networks are weak in social housing area and this difference is not related to their residential period. Low income families living in social housing area are more pessimistic about their future and this view might result from their counterpart middle class neighbors and the weak social networks.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.249-254
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to identify the causes-effects of residential mobility and satisfaction. The research design employes a survey questionnaire for gathering a set of statistically-reasonable number of data among one million population of Ulsan metropolitan city. To make it more concrete, the attentions to be taken are on establishing (1) motives for moving (2) satisfaction factors in living, and (3) a relationship between houses and their environmental characteristics and the degree of satisfactions by them. The results of empirical analyses provide the following major findings: The most significant house-moving motivations were to achieve living-space at an affordable size or as wide as possible and to gain access to a comfortable and convenient environment. Per the residential satisfaction, highly respected factors were having good neighbors and active interactions with them and having good cooling-heating conditions, sunny rooms, and less noise and air pollution. Finally, the relation of house and its environment with the satisfaction indicated the following significant two: The higher the satisfaction, the shorter the duration of living and the history of construction. The less the satisfaction, the smaller the size of house and/or its complex.

• Journal of odor and indoor environment
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.330-336
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to determine whether crops and fruits absorb the naturally occurring asbestos (NOA). The concentration of asbestos in various crops and fruits grown in NOA areas was analyzed and background levels of asbestos in ambient air and soil samples were assessed. Actinolite/Tremolite asbestos were detected in all soil samples. Among 21 ambient air samples, 2 samples were recorded to contain 0.0005 f/cc (fiber per cubic centimeter) but no asbestos was detected in the other samples using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, no evidence suggesting that the crops and fruits could be contaminated by NOA was found in this study. The excess lifetime cancer risks (ELCRs) of ABS scenarios (agricultural activities) used in this study were calculated by using the Arithmetic (AM) and Geometric mean (GM) of ELCRs. The AM and GM of ELCRs estimated from digging soil and weeding activities did not exceed $1{\times}10^{-4}$, which was defined as the general acceptable risk range for exposure. The results of this study would be informative to NOA managers and related policy makers to make plans to prevent unexpected exposure to asbestos to residents living in an NOA area.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.14-22
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• 2008

This study is aimed at suggesting a linear-type diffuser which is excellent in terms of range and elegance like existing diffusers in which amount and direction of wind can be freely controled, out of linear-type diffusers with the highest possibility to be adopted for living space of apartments whose height between floors is not so high and utilizing the linear-type diffuser in design. For the purpose, I examined necessary flow and noise properties of linear-type diffusers. Besides, I evaluated its ventilation capacity for persons in there by applying this in the actual living space. I evaluated features and air blast and found that in time of horizontal and vertical effusion, its T/L ratio is 1-1.5, similar to existing cardioid-type linear diffusers, while in time of slope effusion, it is similar to horizontal effusion in terms of range and it has medium figure in terms of pressure drop and effusion speed, indicating it can provide safe and pleasant indoor environment for persons in there in terms of ventilation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.271-277
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• 2003

Recently as the environmental noise getting influential social problem, it is the fact that the demand on noise reduction increases with the advance of the standard of living. Therefore increasing the interest on the noise in common, it is eagerly demanded that the endeavour for reducing the noise of the rotating machinery, especially the machinery related a flowing including the household electric products, which is pointed out the primary noise source in environment. As proceeding study for fan noise, theory of fan noise property is arranged and this control method is shown. Blade passage noise of total noise spectrum. Thus in the aspect of noise reduction, noise source and identification of noise radiation characteristics of axial flow fan are demanded in detail. The sound source is analyzed by using sound pressure and sound intensity. In that time, synchronization of axial flow fan using optical sensor is executed, and to identify the location of exact noise source in the fan profile determination of recording time is proposed. In the rotating of tan, it is explained that the location of noise source exists in and by the directivity, the noise radiation pattern of axial flow fan is determined and the flow of sound is visualized in the figure of contour mapping.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2016

Noise problem that occurs in living environment is a big trouble in the economic, social and environmental aspects. In this paper, the filtered-X LMS algorithms, the adjoint LMS algorithms, and the robust adjoint LMS algorithms will be introduced for applications in active noise control(ANC). The filtered-X LMS algorithms is currently the most popular method for adapting a filter when the filter exits a transfer function in the error path. The adjoint LMS algorithms, that prefilter the error signals instead of divided reference signals in frequency band, is also used for adaptive filter algorithms to reduce the computational burden of multi-channel ANC systems such as the 3D space. To improve performance of the adjoint LMS ANC system, an off-line measured transfer function is connected parallel to the LMS filter. This parallel-fixed filter acts as a noise controller only when the LMS filter is abnormal condition. The superior performance of the proposed system was compared through simulation with the adjoint LMS ANC system when the adaptive filter is in normal and abnormal condition.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.71-84
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• 1997

The Purpose of this study is to estimate how inclination to move can be appeared by understanding the cognition of a resident on stress due to the residential environment. 240 housewives living in Chiniu were Questioned statistical analysis were used with factor analysis, F-test. Duncan's Multiple range analysis, stepwise regression analysis and stepwise discriminant analysis, The result were summarized as follows 1) The stress of residential environment were clissified by six factors indoor facility, educational environmental. indoor structure, air Pollution noise, traffic convenience. 2) The extent of a stress from residential environment was significantly different in the socio-demographic variable and housing-related variable. 3) The stress of residential environment were affected by the direction of house. 4) The variable discriminating inclination to move were the stress of residential environment(air Pollution). an educational level, the type of housing possession, residential Period and the size of house.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.455-462
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• 2020

Noise which is unwanted sound is a serious pollutant that can affect human health, as well as the working and living environment if exposed to humans. However, current noise management on the construction project is generally conducted after the noise exceeds the regulation standard, which increases the conflicts with inhabitants near the construction site and threats to the safety and productivity of construction workers. To overcome the limitations of the current noise management methods, the activities of construction equipment which is the main source of construction noise need to be managed throughout the construction period in real-time. Therefore, this paper proposed a framework for automatically detecting noise sources in construction sites in real-time based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) according to the following four steps: (i) Step 1: Definition of the noise sources; (ii) Step 2: Data preparation; (iii) Step 3: Noise source classification using the audio CNN; and (iv) Step 4: Noise source detection using the visual CNN. The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and temporal image processing are used to contain temporal features of the audio and visual data. In addition, the AlexNet and You Only Look Once v3 (YOLOv3) algorithms have been adopted to classify and detect the noise sources in real-time. As a result, the proposed framework is expected to immediately find construction activities as current noise sources on the video of the construction site. The proposed framework could be helpful for environmental construction managers to efficiently identify and control the noise by automatically detecting the noise sources among many activities carried out by various types of construction equipment. Thereby, not only conflicts between inhabitants and construction companies caused by construction noise can be prevented, but also the noise-related health risks and productivity degradation for construction workers and inhabitants near the construction site can be minimized.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.180.1-180.1
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• 2010

Wind turbine noise is generally lower than that from other environmental noise sources such as road and railway noise. Nevertheless, some residents living more than 1km away from wind turbines have claimed that they suffer sleep disturbance due to wind turbine noise. Several researchers have maintained that residents near a wind farm may perceive large amplitude modulation of wind turbine noise at night, and this amplitude modulation is the main cause of the noise annoyance. However, to date only few studies exist on the prediction of the amplitude modulation of wind turbine noise. Thus, this study predicts amplitude modulated noise generated from a generic 2.5MW wind turbine. Semi-empirical noise models are employed to predict the modulation depth and the overall sound pressure level of the wind turbine noise. The result shows that the amplitude modulation is observed regardless of atmospheric stability, but the modulation depth in a stable atmosphere is 1~3dB higher than that in an unstable atmosphere near the plane of rotation where the blades move downward. Moreover, using the result of the noise prediction, this study estimates the maximum perceptible distance of the wind turbine noise cause by amplitude modulation. The result indicates that the wind turbine noise can be perceived at a distance of up to 1600m in the range of about 30~60 degree from the on axis in a extremely low background noise environment.