• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2000

Background and Objectives: The most commonly used incision for parotidectomy is modified Blair incision, but it has unsatisfactory cosmetic result due to long exposed scar in the neck. Therefore, we introduce an alternative approach with more acceptable scar named modified facelift incision. We report it's techniques, indications and disadvantages with our experiences. Materials and Methods: During the 1999, 15 patients were underwent parotidectomies using modified facelift incision. We studied the postoperative complications and the cosmetic results respectively. Results: There were 11 benign tumors, 3 malignant tumors, and 1 chronic inflammation. Total parotidectomy was performed in 2 malignant tumors and chronic parotitis patients. The others has superficial parotidectomy. In terms of operation field, there was no difference between classical incision and facelift incision. Partial facial nerve palsy was noted in 2 cases, who required sacrifice of branches of facial nerve because of malignant tumor invasion. There were no specific complications associated with this type of approach. Postoperative cosmetic results were satisfactory in all cases. Conclusion: Modified facelift incision provides better cosmetic result than conventional incision without narrowing of operation field. We believe that it is a safe alternative approach to all parotidectomy cases especially to women and patient with keloid skin. The only limitation of this incision is poor adaptability for combining neck dissection.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.384-392
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• 1989

Forty cases of coronary artery bypass grafting treated at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, SNUH, Korea were compared with forty cases of the procedure treated at University of Alberta Hospital, Canada, in terms of pathoanatomy. That showed no difference in sex ratio between Korean and Caucasian the average ages, however, were 50.4 years and 60.9 years respectively [p< 0.005]. The leading cause of angina at presentation was unstable angina in Korean, but it was post-infarction angina in Caucasian instead. The incidences of single-vessel disease and double-vessel disease were similar in both countries, but the incidence of so-called triple-vessel disease was higher in Caucasian while left main coronary artery disease was more prevalent in Korean [0.01< P, 0.005]. < The internal diameters of surgically available coronary artery branches had similar characteristics and no significant statistical differences were found between them. The predilection sites of stenoses were proximal left anterior descending artery, left main coronary artery, proximal left circumflex artery and proximal right coronary artery decreasing in incidence respectively, in Korean. The myocardial perfusion score were 6.80 in single-vessel disease, 7.56 in double-vessel disease, 11.27 in triple-vessel disease and 9.77 in left main disease respectively, in Korean.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.356-361
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• 1984

우리나라 수도 품종들의 절간 유관속수 및 통기강수를 절위별로 알아보고 이들과 이삭형질과의 상관관계를 구해 본 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 우리나라 수도 품종들의 절위별 총 유관속수는 상위제 1절간에서 약 23개∼47개로서 품종간에 현저한 차이가 있었다. 그러나 제 2절간 이하에서는 유신품종을 제외하고 품종들간에 큰 차이없이 51개∼59개의 범 위이었다. 2. 통기강은 상위제 1, 2절간에서는 전혀 발생이 없었고 제 5절간에서는 모든 품종이 양호하게 발달하여 21∼31개가 발생하였으며 품종간에 뚜린한 차이를 나타내는 절위는 제 4절간이었다. 3. 절간의 유관속수, 굵기 및 수장, 1,2차지경수, 영화수간에는 매우 밀접한 정의 유의상관이 인정되었다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.175-185
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• 2009

Petiolus Nelumbinis, branches of lotus leaf or lotus flower is a traditional oriental herbal medicine widely used for treating a superheat or disorder of qi flow. Although there are many clinical results and literature study, it has been rarely conducted to evaluate the immuno-biological activity. The present study was conducted to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of PNM (Petiolus Nelumbinis MeOH extract) in vitro. To determine cytotoxic concentration of PNM, the cells were treated with PNM for 24 h after LPS addition, and the cell viability was tested by MTT assay. Both of dosages (30 and 100 ${\mu}g/ml$) of PNM had no cytotoxicity. In these concentrations, PNM significantly reduced the elevated levels of NO and $PGE_2$ by LPS. These inhibitory effects of PNM were due to the reduced expressions of iNOS and COX-2 protein. TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1$\beta$ and IL-6 are frequently encountered pro-inflammatory cytokines, and LPS plays a key role in inducing to the massive production of these cytokines. Thus, we next determined the levels of these cytokines. Although PNM had no significant inhibitory effect on the production of TNF-$\alpha$, the elevated levels of IL-1$\beta$ and IL-6 by LPS were dose-dependently reduced in PNM-treated groups. These results demonstrate that PNM has anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines, NO and $PGE_2$ in LPS-activated macrophage. Moreover, the reduction of NO and $PGE_2$ levels was due to the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 protein expression by PNM.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.413-422
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• 2022

Background: The neocortex, including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), contains many neurons expressing nitric oxide synthase (NOS). In addition, increasing evidence shows that the nitric oxide (NO) and opioid systems interact in the brain. However, there have been no studies on the interaction of the opioid and NO systems in the mPFC. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of administrating L-arginine (L-Arg, a precursor of NO) and N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, an inhibitor of NOS) into the mPFC for neuropathic pain in rats. Also, we used selective opioid receptor antagonists to clarify the possible participation of the opioid mechanism. Methods: Complete transection of the peroneal and tibial branches of the sciatic nerve was applied to induce neuropathic pain, and seven days later, the mPFC was cannulated bilaterally. The paw withdrawal threshold fifty percent (50% PWT) was recorded on the 14th day. Results: Microinjection of L-Arg (2.87, 11.5 and 45.92 nmol per 0.25 µL) increased 50% PWT. L-NAME (17.15 nmol per 0.25 µL) and naloxonazine (an antagonist of mu opioid receptors, 1.54 nmol per 0.25 µL) inhibited anti-allodynia induced by L-Arg (45.92 nmol per 0.25 µL). Naltrindole (a delta opioid receptor antagonist, 2.45 nmol per 0.25 µL) and nor-binaltorphimine (a kappa opioid receptor antagonist, 1.36 nmol per 0.25 µL) were unable to prevent L-Arg (45.92 nmol per 0.25 µL)-induced antiallodynia. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the NO system in the mPFC regulates neuropathic pain. Mu opioid receptors of this area might participate in pain relief caused by L-Arg.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 국내 자생하고 있는 갈매나무과 식물 13종에 대한 부위별(잎, 가지, 열매) 물 추출물의 NO 생성능을 통하여 면역증진 활성을 측정하여 기능성을 검토하였다. 망개나무, 헛개나무, 까마귀베개, 산황나무, 갈매나무, 참갈매나무, 상동나무 등에서 50% 이상 NO 생성능을 보여줌으로써 대식세포 활성화를 검증하였다. 또한 PCR 전기영동을 통하여 면역증진과 관련된 cytokine인 iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α의 발현을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 갈매나무과 분류군들의 부위별 NO 생성능, mRNA 발현 등과 같은 면역 활성에 대한 과학적 근거를 제시할 수 있었고, 이는 면역증진 관련 소재 발굴 및 제품 개발에 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.43-61
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to verify the usefulness of kinetic House- Tree- Person drawing as a diagnostic measure for the degree of self-differentiation, which is an essential part of college students' development. Participants for the study were four hundred thirty five(272 male and 163 female) university freshmen enrolled in 4-year colleges located in Pusan. The Participants completed a scale of self-differentiation and a Kinetic House- Tree-Person drawings test. The evaluation system for kinetic House-Tree-Person drawings was established based on the indexes of Buck(1948) and Bums(1972) and used exiting literatures as reference. The data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Scheffe's test. The results obtained from the study are as follows: First, the mean level of college students' self-differentiation was 2.81, which is about average. Some significant gender differences were found in the areas of self-intergration, family projection, and emotional separation. Male students scored higher on self-intergration, whereas female students score higher on family projection and emotional separation. Second. self-differentiation was higher when the student drew a house with smoke coming out of the chimney, a single-story house with flat roof, or with detailed description of curtains, roof and roof tiles. Third, self-differentiation seemed to be higher when branches and fruits were included, when there was no expression of roots, when large crowns and branch openings were presented, and when no slant lines or base lines appeared. Forth, self-differentiation showed ㅁ higher level when the portrait shows eyes, mouth and neck without omission, when it included the whole body instead of face only, and when there was no person with just a profile, a back, or with a stiff posture, and when there was no weak and thin lines. Individuality also marked higher if a person was in motion and than one person was added. Finally, self-differentiation showed significant difference according to the overall harmony of the drawing, ordering of contents, hand pressure, the kind and shape of tree, and presence of other persons. The more harmonious the picture was, and the more family members are added, the higher the level of self-differentiation was.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2009

Objectives : To assess the characteristics of electropyography(EMG) and heart rate variability(HRV) values in idiopathic facial palsy inpatients of different Sasang constitutions. Methods : Medical records of 103 idiopathic facial palsy inpatients who underwent facial EMG testing and HRV testing were retrospectively reviewed. All subjects had been consulted to the department of Sasang constitution for constitution differentiation. The Sasang constitutional and age distribution were initially analyzed, and axonal loss percentage values on EMG were correlated with Sasang constitution and sex. HRV results were also correlated with Sasang constitution and sex. Results : 1. 24.4 percent of idiopathic facial palsy inpatients were of the Soyang constitution, 52.4 percent were of the Taeum, and 23.3 percent were of the Soeum. Patients in their fifties were most common in all constitutions(27.8%). 2. Mean axonal loss values for the temporal, zygomatic, and buccal branches were all statistically significantly lower in the Taeum constitution compared with Soyang or Soeum(p<0.05). 3. Mean axonal loss values for the temporal, zygomatic, and buccal branches were all statistically significantly lower in men than women(p<0.05). 4. The mean LF/HF ratio was significantly lower in idiopathic facial palsy inpatients of the Soeum constitution compared with Soyang and Taeum(p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in mean MHRT, SDNN, TP, VLF, LF, and HF of different constitutions. 5. The mean SDNN was significantly lower in women inpatients compared with men(p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in mean MHRT, TP, VLF, LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio. Conclusions : The Sasang constitutional composition of idiopathic facial palsy inpatients closely adheres to the composition proposed in Dong-eui-su-se-bo-won, but the Taeum and Soeum proportion is slightly larger and the Soyang proportion slightly smaller. Axonal loss value on EMG was significantly lower in the Taeum constitution, and in men(p<0.05, <0.05). Mean LF/HF ratio was significantly lower in the Soeum constitution compared with Soyang and Taeum(p<0.05), and mean SDNN was significantly lower in women(p<0.05).

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제15권
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• pp.69-75
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• 1974

1. 질소시비를 하지않은 콩에서 개화기이후의 토양수분부족은 충분한 생육을 한 콩보다 생육일수가 3-4일 단축되었다. 2. 엽면적은 발아후 40일경까지는 처리의 영향이 컸다. 3. 경장 경경 분지수 분지장은 파종후 70일경에 거이 완성되었고 초기생육이 불량한 경우 가장 떨어졌다. 4. 질소 증시가 협수를 증가시키지 못했고 개화기의 토양수분부족은 협수를 심히 감소시켰고 이러한 콩은 분지협보다 주경협이 많았으며 또 다입협율이 높았다. 5. 주경절입별 착입수는 3-4절과 10-12절에 많았다. 3-4절에는 충분한 생육을 한 콩에서 많았고 10-12절에는 빈약한 생육을 한 콩에서 많았다. 6. 1주입수가 적은콩이 백입중은 높았다. 7. 단백질함량은 백입중이 낮은콩(N$_{0}$D$_4$)에서 가장 낮았고 유지는 1주입수가 적은콩에서 낮았다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.158-162
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• 2006

중국에서 도입된 우슬 (Achyranthes bidentata.)을 신소득작물로 개발하기 위하여 국내 적응성을 검토하였다. A. bidentata는 $25^{\circ}C$와 $15^{\circ}C$에서 파종 후 각기 3일과 5일경부터 발아가 시작되었고, 10일과 15일경에는 대부분의 종자가 발아하였으며, 발아율과 발아세 모두 A. japonica보다 높게 나타났다. 초기생육 및 정식 후 60일까지는 A. bidentata의 생육이 A. japonica보다 양호하였으나, 그 후부터는 반대의 양상을 보였다. A. bidentata의 개화기와 낙엽기는 7월 10일과 9월 26일로 A. japonica에 비하여 월등히 빠르게 나타났다. A. japonica는 줄기색이 녹색 바탕에 옅은 자색을 띠는데 반하여 A. bidentata는 자색을 나타내어 두종 간의 차이가 확실하였다. A. japonica의 키와 분지수는 A. bidentata에 비하여 길고 많으나, 화방군의 길이와 화방군당 꽃수는 짧고 적었다. 뿌리의 길이, 직경, 지근수 및 천립중은 A. bidentata가 A. japonica에 비하여 짧고, 굵고, 적고, 무거운 것으로 조사되었다. A. bidentata의 수량성 (수원, 나주지역 평균)은 A. japonica와 비슷하였으며, A. bidentata는 A. japonica에 비교하여 수원보다 나주지역에서 수량 증수효과가 더욱 큰 것으로 보아 도입종인 A. bidentata의 재배적지는 따뜻한 남부지역으로 판단되었다. 이상의 결과로 한약재 우슬로 대한약전에 새로 수재된 도입우슬의 국내 재배생산 가능성이 확인되어 새로운 한약재 자원식물로 이용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.