• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.513-520
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• 2005

For the destruction of toxic chlorinated organic compounds, this study proposes improved supercritical water oxidation method (multistep oxidation) using sodium nitrate as an oxidizer. This method solves the problems involved in the existing supercritical water oxidation method. Multistep oxidation means that $NaNO_3$ is oxidized to $N_2\;via\;NaNO_2$ and NO. Toxic and hard to destroy organic substances like para-dichlorobenzen(4-DCBz), polychlorinate biphenyl(PCB) ware oxidized to non toxic substances in a condition, in which rapid pressure and temperature rise is restrained as much as possible. 4-dichlorobenzene(4-DCBz) and Polychlorinate biphenyl(PCB) in condition$(450^{\circ}C,\;p_w=0.25g/cm^3,\;30min)$ Was discomposed perfectly.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.102-105
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• 2000

These studies were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplemental lincomycin at different food waste supplements on performance of broiler chicks. Diets were based corn, soybean meal and contained 3,100kcal/kg ME, 21% CP for the rest two weeks. Three levels of dietary lincomycin(LM; 0,2.2, 4.4mg/kg) and food waste(FW; 0, 7.5, 15%) were respectively inclusion in both experiments. In experiment 1, weight gain of birds fed 4.4mg/kg LM was significantly higher than no LM treatments(P<0.05). It tended to increase in 7.5% food waste treatment compared to that of control, but was not significantly different. FCR of chicks fed 2.2mg/kg LM supplement was significantly improved compared to that of other treatments Chicks fed food waste showed inferior FCR to control as dietary FW level increased(P<0.05). There was no significance in blood components among treatments. In experiment 2, weight gain of chicks fed 15% FW exhibited higher weight gain than that of other treatments. As FW supplement increased, the feed intake increased significantly(P<0.05) There was no significance in blood components except serum calcium. The results of these experiments indicated that hicks fed 4.4mg/kg LM supplements maximized growth rate of all treatments, and improved FCR in 2.2mg/kg LM.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.97-107
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• 2019

Based on the results of Han et al. (2016), in the failure zone ahead of the tunnel face it can be obviously identified that a shear failure band occurs in the lower part and a pressure arch happens at the upper part, which was often neglected in analyzing the face stability of shield tunnel. In order to better describe the collapse failure feature of the tunnel face, a new improved failure mechanism is proposed to evaluate the face stability of shield tunnel excavated in layered soils in the framework of limit analysis by using spatial discretization technique and linear interpolation method in this study. The developed failure mechanism is composed of two parts: i) the rotational failure mechanism denoting the shear failure band and ii) a uniformly distributed force denoting the pressure arch effect. Followed by the comparison between the results of critical face pressures provided by the developed model and those by the existing works, which indicates that the new developed failure mechanism provides comparatively reasonable results.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.1159-1168
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• 2021

Ovotransferrin (OTF), an egg protein known as transferrin family protein, possess strong antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. This is because OTF has two iron binding sites, so it has a strong metal chelating ability. The present study aimed to evaluate the improved immune-enhancing activities of OTF hydrolysates produced using bromelain, pancreatin, and papain. The effects of OTF hydrolysates on the production and secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 macrophages were confirmed. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was evaluated using Griess reagent and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). And the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α and interleukin [IL]-6) and the phagocytic activity of macrophages were evaluated using an ELISA assay and neutral red uptake assay, respectively. All OTF hydrolysates enhanced NO production by increasing iNOS mRNA expression. Treating RAW 264.7 macrophages with OTF hydrolysates increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the phagocytic activity. The production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by OTF hydrolysates was inhibited by the addition of specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. In conclusion, results indicated that all OTF hydrolysates activated RAW 264.7 macrophages by activating MAPK signaling pathway.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2006

The ozone produced by a dielectric barrier discharge device was injected into the exhaust gas to oxidize a part of NO to $NO_2$, and then the exhaust gas containing the mixture of NO and $NO_2$ was further treated in a catalytic reactor where both NO and $NO_2$ were reduced to $N_2$ in the presence of ammonia as the reducing agent. The $NO_2$ content in the mixture of NO and $NO_2$ was changed by the amount of ozone added to the exhaust gas. The experiments were primarily concerned with the effect of reaction temperature on the catalytic $NO_x$ reduction at various $NO_2$ contents. The increase in the $NO_2$ content by the ozone injection remarkably improved the performance of the catalytic $NO_x$ reduction, especially at low temperatures.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07e
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• pp.2010-2012
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• 1999

The product of electrons by Pulsed Corona Discharge leads to produce radicals which work on NO, and NO is finally removed. Energy efficiency for NO removal was improved with increasing peak voltage rather than with increasing pulse frequency. The rate of energy transfer increased with decreasing value of $C_p$( Pulse - Forming Capacitance 2.15, 1.06, 0.55, 0.36, 0.1[nF]. When the value of $C_p$ reached to 0.36 [nF], the energy efficiency for NO removal was maximized. And good agreement was obtained between chemical kinetic calculations and the experimental results.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.93-97
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiological and clinical outcomes of scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus (HV) deformity in elderly patient with osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: A total of 58 elderly patients (mean age, 72.6 years) underwent scarf osteotomy for HV deformity between 2008 and 2015. The mean follow-up period was 24.4 months. Of the 58 patients, 42 were diagnosed with osteoporosis and 16 were diagnosed as normal. The radiological and clinical outcomes were assessed preoperatively, postoperatively, and at final follow-up, including HV angle, intermetatarsal (IM) angle, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, patient satisfaction, visual analogue scale (VAS), and complication. Results: There was no significant difference in HV angle and IM angle between the osteoporosis group and normal bone mineral densitometry group at all time points, preoperative, postoperative, and final follow-up. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with respect to the AOFAS score and VAS evaluations. In the osteoporosis group, the mean HV angle improved from $36.7^{\circ}$ preoperatively to $11.3^{\circ}$ at the time of final follow-up, and the mean IM angle improved from $13.2^{\circ}$ to $5.7^{\circ}$. The mean AOFAS score improved from 52.6 preoperatively to 89.1 at the time of final follow-up. With respect to satisfaction, 83.4% of patients were very satisfied or satisfied. There were no serious complications, and all cases showed complete union at the osteotomy site. Conclusion: We believed that scarf osteotomy is a safe, effective procedure for the correction of elderly patients with osteoporosis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.792-798
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• 2010

Four experiments with 2,020 nursery pigs (Triumph-4${\times}$PIC Camborough 22) were conducted at a commercial research site to evaluate the effects of including 30% distillers dried grain with solubles (DDGS) in late nursery diets on pig growth performance and to compare the effects of pelleted and meal diets containing 30% DDGS on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. In Exp. 1, 312 pigs (10.54${\pm}$0.16 kg) were allotted to two diets: corn-soybean meal based control diet and a corn-soybean meal diet containing 30% DDGS. In Exp. 2, 337 pigs (16.70${\pm}$0.14 kg) were used to validate Exp. 1 with similar diets. In Exp. 3, 665 pigs (11.77${\pm}$0.12 kg) were allotted to diets containing 30% DDGS, but in different forms: meal or pellet. Fecal samples were collected during the final day of the trials to measure nutrient and energy apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD). In Exp. 4, 706 pigs (18.40${\pm}$0.18 kg) were allotted to the same diets as Exp. 3. In Exp. 1 and 2, there was no (p>0.05) effect of DDGS on ADG, ADFI or G:F. In Exp. 3, pelleting improved (p<0.01) ADG (578 vs. 541 g/d) and G:F (714 vs. 674 g/kg), with no difference (p>0.05) in ADFI. The ATTD of most nutrients and energy were improved by pelleting (p<0.05). In Exp. 4, ADG (717 vs. 675 g/d) and G:F (680 vs. 648 g/kg) were improved by pelleting (p<0.01), with no difference (p>0.05) in ADFI. In conclusion, 10-23 kg pigs in late nursery phase can be fed up to 30% DDGS without having a detrimental effect on pig performance, and pelleting the diet will increase nutrient and energy availability.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.244-250
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• 2014

Background: Panax ginseng has distinct and impressive health benefits, such as improved blood pressure and immune system functioning. Rg3-enriched Korean Red Ginseng (REKRG) isolated from Korean Red Ginseng contains a high percentage of Rg3. Methods: In this study, we examined the effects of REKRG on endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation and adhesion molecules in endothelial cells and vascular function in rats. Results: REKRG dose-dependently increased eNOS phosphorylation and nitric oxide (NO) production in endothelial cells. In addition, REKRG markedly inhibited the tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$)-mediated induction of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expressions in endothelial cells. REKRG improved endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) compared with controls. Furthermore, REKRG treatment for 6 weeks increased serum NO levels and reduced the mean aortic intima-media thickness compared with controls. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that REKRG increased vascular function and improved immune system functioning. Therefore, REKRG is a very useful food for preventing or improving various cardiovascular diseases.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.125-134
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• 2021

Background: To evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes of bony increased offset-reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (BIO-RSA) in the Asian population at mid-term follow-up. Methods: From June 2012 to August 2017 at a single center, 43 patients underwent BIO-RSA, and 38 patients with minimum 2 years follow-up were enrolled. We evaluated the clinical and radiological outcomes, and complications at the last follow-up. In addition, we divided these patients into notching and no-notching groups and compared the demographics, preoperative, and postoperative characteristics of patients. Results: Visual analogue scale, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, University of California-Los Angeles Shoulder Scale, and Simple Shoulder Test scores improved significantly from preoperative (5.00, 3.93, 1.72, 3.94) to postoperative (1.72, 78.91, 28.34, 7.66) (p<0.05) outcomes. All range of motion except internal rotation improved significantly at the final follow-up (p<0.05), and the bone graft was well-incorporated with the native glenoid in all patients (100%). However, scapular notching was observed in 20 of 38 patients (53%). In the comparison between notching and no-notching groups (18 vs. 20 patients), there were no significant differences in demographics, radiological parameters, and clinical outcomes except acromion-greater tuberosity (AT) distance (p=0.003). Intraoperative complications included three metaphyseal fractures and one inferior screw malposition. Postoperative complications included ectopic ossification, scapular neck stress fracture, humeral stem relaxation, and late infection in one case each. Conclusions: BIO-RSA showed improved clinical outcomes at mid-term follow-up in Asian population. However, we observed higher scapular notching compared to the previous studies. In addition, adequate glenoid lateralization with appropriate humeral lengthening (AT distance) might reduce scapular notching.