• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.286-296
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• 2018

Maintenance of a beneficial microbial community, especially in the rhizosphere, is indispensable for plant growth and agricultural sustainability. In this sense, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been extensively studied for their role in plant growth promotion and disease resistance. However, the impact of introducing PGPR strains into rhizosphere microbial communities is still underexplored. We previously found that the Proteus vulgaris JBLS202 strain (JBLS202) promoted growth of Kimchi cabbage and altered the relative abundance of total bacteria and Pseudomonas spp. in the treated rhizosphere. To extend these findings, we used pyrosequencing to analyze the changes in bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of Kimchi cabbage after introduction of JBLS202. The alterations were also evaluated by taxon-specific realtime PCR (qPCR). The pyrosequencing data revealed an increase in total bacteria abundance, including specific groups such as Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria, in the treated rhizosphere. Time-course qPCR analysis confirmed the increase in the abundance of Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Betaproteobacteria. Furthermore, genes involved in nitrogen cycling were upregulated by JBLS202 treatment indicating changes in ecological function of the rhizosphere soil. Overall, these results indicate that introduction of JBLS202 alters both the composition and function of the rhizosphere bacterial community, which can have direct and indirect effects on plant growth. Therefore, we propose that long-term changes in bacterial composition and community-level function need to be considered for practical use of PGPRs.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2012

Paecilomyces sinclairiis (PS) is known as a functional food or human health supplement. However concerns have been raised about its kidney toxicity. This study was performed to investigate the kidney toxicity of PS by 13 week-oral administration to rats. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and kidney damage biomarkers including beta-2-microglobulin (${\beta}2m$), glutathione S-transferase alpha (GST-${\alpha}$), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), calbindin, clusterin, cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and osteopontin were measured during or after the treatment of PS. BUN, creatinine and kidney damage biomarkers in serum were not changed by PS. However, kidney cell karyomegaly and tubular hypertrophy were observed dose-dependently with higher severity in males. KIM-1, TIMP-1 and osteopontin in kidney and urine were increased dose dependently in male or at the highest dose in female rats. Increased urinary osteopontin by PS was not recovered at 2 weeks of post-exposure in both genders. Cystatin C in kidney was decreased at all treatment groups but inversely increased in urine. The changes in kidney damage biomarkers were more remarkable in male than female rats. These data indicate that the PS may provoke renal cell damage and glomerular filtration dysfunction in rats with histopathological lesions and change of kidney damage biomarkers in kidney or urine. Kidney and urinary KIM-1 and cystatin C were the most marked indicators, while kidney weight, BUN and creatinine and kidney damage biomarkers in serum were not influenced.

• 대한지하수환경학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.215-222
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• 1998

지하수 세균 군집에 미치는 환경요인의 영향을 분석하기 위하여, 서울 시내에서 음용수로 사용하는 2개 정점과 음용수외 생활용수로 사용하고 있는 8개 정점을 대상으로 조사하였다. 물리.화학적 환경요인과 중금속의 농도, 및 세균 군집의 분포 등 40개 변수를 분석한 결과, 음용수로 사용하는 정점을 제외한 나머지 정점에서 질산성 질소와 암모니아가 용수목적별 수질기준의 기준치 이상으로 측정되었다. 총세균은 5.1~41.4$\times$$10^{5}$cells/ml 범주로, 종속영양세균과 기능성 세균군집은 0.01~29.6$\times$$10^4$cfu/ml의 범주로 조사되었다. 세포외 효소의 활성도는 0.005~11.3$\mu$M/l/hr 의 범주로 나타났고, lipase, phophatase, $\beta$-glucosidase, cellulase, chitinase, amylase 순으로 활성도가 나타났다. 정점별로 조사된 세균 군집에 미치는 환경요인의 상호관계는 대응분석(correspondence analysis)과 다차원 척도법 분석(multidimensional scaling; MDS)으로 하였으며, 그 결과 4개의 집단으로 구분되었으며, 세균 군집에 미치는 주요한 환경요인은 정점별 잠재오염원과 일치하는 양상을 보였다.다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.79-83
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• 2006

광전자 회절을 이용한 정량적 구조 결정이 Cu(100)/glycine $(NH_2CH_3COOH)$ 흡착 계에 대하여 얻어졌다. $Cu(100)(2\times4)$pg-glycine $(NH_2CH_3COOH)$에서 분자는 아미노기의 질소원자, 카복실기의 두 개의 산소원자가 기판원자와 결합에 참여하고 있음이 얻어졌다. 질소원자, 산소원자 모두 atop site에 흡착을 한다. 질소원자와 산소원자 모두 atop 정 위치에서 각각 $5^{\circ}\pm4^{\circ},\;9^{\circ}\pm2^{\circ}$ 벗어난 위치에 있는 사실을 얻었다. 화학결합 길이는 Cu-N와 Cu-O모두 $2.05\pm0.02\;{\AA}$ 결정되었다. 두 개의 산소가 화학결합에 개입된 것으로 보이며, 이 결과는 Cu(110)에서 얻은 결과와 유사하다. Cu(110)$(2\times3)$ pg-glycine에서 얻은 결과를 재해석한 결과 두 산소는 동등하지 않고 한 산소원자는 다른 산소원자 보다 $0.29\;{\AA}$ 결합 높이가 차이가 있음을 보였다.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1998년도 춘계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.99-101
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• 1998

1. Introduction : The conventional grafting polymerization technique requires chemically reactive groups on the surface as well as on the polymer chains. For this reason, a series of prefunctionalization steps are necessary for covalent grafting. The surface prefunctionalizational technique for grafting can be used to ionization radiation, UV, plasma, ion beam or chemical initiators. Of these techniques, radiation method is one of the useful methods because of uniform and rapid creation of active radical sites without catalytic contamination in grafted samples. If the diffusion of monomer into polymer is large enough to come to the inside of polymer substrate, a homogeneous and uniform grafting reaction can be carried out throughout the whole polymer substrate. Radiation-induced grafting method may attach specific functional moieties to a polymeric substrate, such as preirradiation and simultaneous irradiation. The former is irradiated at backbone polymer in vacuum or nitrogen gas and air, and then subsequent monomer grafting by trapped or peroxy radicals, while the latter is irradiated at backbone polymer in the presence of the monomer. Therefore, radiation-induced polymerization can be used to modification of the chemical and physical properties of the polymeric materials and has attracted considerable interest because it imparts desirable properties such as blood compatibility. membrane quality, ion excahnge, dyeability, protein adsorption, and immobilization of bioactive materials. Synthesizing biocompatible materials by radiation method such as preirradiation or simultaneous irradiation has often used $\gamma$-rays to graft hydrophilic monomers onto hydrophobic polymer substrates. In this work, in attempt to produce surfaces that show low levels of anti-fouling of bovine serum albumin(BSA) solutions, hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA) was grafted polypropylene membrane surfaces by preirradiation technique. The anti-fouling effect of the polypropylene membrane after grafting was examined by permeation BSA solution.

• 폴리머
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.592-599
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• 2013

Polyacrylonitrile(PAN) 고분자 용액으로부터 전기방사된 고분자 나노섬유를 다양한 농도의 KOH 용액을 이용하여 다공성 나노탄소섬유를 제조하였으며, 그에 따른 세공 구조 및 이산화탄소 흡착 특성을 평가하였다. PAN 용액으로부터 제조된 활성나노탄소섬유는 KOH 활성화 농도가 증가함에 따라 섬유 직경이 감소하였으며, 표면의 산소관능기가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 질소 흡착에 따른 세공특성을 분석한 결과 KOH 활성화 농도 증가에 따라 활성나노탄소섬유의 비표면적이 증가하고, 미세공은 4 M KOH로 활성화한 나노탄소섬유가 가장 많았으며, 중간세공은 8 M KOH로 활성화한 활성나노탄소섬유가 가장 많았다. 또한 0, $25^{\circ}C$에서 KOH 활성화제의 농도가 BET 및 XPS에서 나타난 것처럼 이산화탄소 흡착을 강화시키도록 세공 및 표면 특성에 영향을 주었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.513-520
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• 2012

The electrochemical reaction of refuse derived fuel (RDF) and refuse plastic/paper fuel (RPF) was investigated in the direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) system. The open circuit voltage (OCV) of RPF was higher than RDF and other coals because of its thermal reactive characteristic under carbon dioxide. The thermal reactivity of fuels was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis method. and the reaction rate of RPF was higher than other fuels. The behavior of all sample's potential was analogous in the beginning region of electrochemical reactions due to similar functional groups on the surface of fuels analyzed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy experiments. The potential level of RDF and RPF decreased rapidly comparing to coals in the next of the electrochemical reaction because the surface area and pore volume investigated by nitrogen gas adsorption tests were smaller than coals. This characteristic signifies the contact surface between electrolyte and fuel is restricted. The potential of fuels was maintained to the high current density region over 40 $mA/cm^2$ by total carbon component. The maximum power density of RDF and RPF reached up to 45~70% comparing to coal. The obvious improvement of maximum power density by increasing operating temperature was observed in both refuse fuels.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

In order to develop a new adsorbent for removal of formaldehyde from aqueous solution, surface modification of TiO₂ nanoparticles was performed with 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) that have a strong affinity to the formaldehyde. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant was used to improve the DNPH grafting to TiO₂ surface. Modified adsorbents were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX and FTIR. Since the COD level in wastewaters including formaldehyde is considerable, it is necessary to determine the COD content of the synthetic wastewater. In order to determine the optimal removal conditions, the effect of contact time (60-210 min), pH (4-10) and adsorbent dosage (0.5-1.5 g/L) on adsorption and COD removal efficiencies were studied, using response surface method. EDX and FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of nitrogen-containing functional groups on the modified TiO₂ surface. The maximum formaldehyde adsorption and COD removal efficiencies by modified TiO₂ were about 15.65 and 7.35% higher than the unmodified nanoparticles respectively. Therefore, the grafting of nano-TiO₂ with DNPH would greatly improve its formaldehyde adsorption efficiency. The optimum conditions determined for a maximum formaldehyde removal of 99.904% and a COD reduction of 94.815% by TiO₂/SDS/DNPH nanocomposites were: adsorbent dosage 1.100 g/L, pH 7.424 and the contact time 183.290 min.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2019

Objectives: Cultivated wild ginseng (cWG), called SanYangSanSam, has been used clinically in patients with chronic fatigue in Korea. Little is known about effects of the ginseng distilled (volatile) components produced during evaporizaiton. Recently, we first identified one major component from cWG distilled extract, panaxydol, by using mass spectrometry. However, functional properties of cWG distilled extract and panaxydol remains elusive. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effect of cWG distilled extract or panaxydol on exercise-induced fatigue in rats. Methods: Fatigue was induced by forced swimming and the immobility time was analyzed in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals received intraperitoneally either vehicle, cWG distilled extract, or panaxydol 10 min prior to beginning of the forced swimming test (FST) once daily for 5 days. After the FST on day 5, we also analyzed fatigue-related biochemical levels including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate acid (LAC), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum and levels of glycogen in liver and soleus muscle. Results: The forced swimming time in cWG distilled extract (0.6 mL/kg)-treated group was significantly longer than that of control group on day 4 and 5. Panaxydol (0.1 and 0.25 mg/kg)-treated groups showed significantly enhanced performance in the forced swimming, compared to control. In addition, a significant decrease in serum LDH level was found in panaxydol-treated group, while there were no alternations in levels of serum BUN and LAC and glycogen in liver or soleus muscle. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated cWG distilled extract and its active component panaxydol have a function of anti-fatigue.

• 멤브레인
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.184-199
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• 2021

공유결합 유기 구조체(COF)의 한 가지로서, 공유결합 트리아진 구조체(CTF)는 이온 열 삼량 체화 반응을 통해 제조된 반복되는 육각형 트리아진 고리의 네트워크로 구성되어 본질적으로 다공성 구조를 가진다. 또한 일부 화학 물질에 대한 친화성을 높이고 다른 화학 물질을 배제하는 많은 질소 작용기를 포함한다. 조절 가능한 특성 때문에 많은 연구자들이 기체 및 액체 분리 공정을 위한 CTF의 소재를 합성하고 테스트했다. 새로운 CTF, 혼합 CTF 복합재 및 CTF 멤브레인에 대한 다양한 연구가 기체흡착, 기체분리(예 : CO₂, C₂H₂, H₂ 등) 및 담수화에 대해 연구되었다. 일부 CTF 연구는 고급 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 한계와 잠재력을 결정했으며 후속 실험에서는 광촉매 특성에 대한 CTF를 테스트하여 더 큰 지속 가능성을 위한 재활용 가능성을 제안했다. 이 총설에서는 공유결합 트리아진 구조체 기반 분리막에 대해 설명할 예정이다.