• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.83-92
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• 1976

수도품종(水稻品種) 57개(個)을 선발(選拔), 연대별(年代別)로 3분(分)하여 이들의 여러 질소효율(窒素効率)을 무비(無肥)와 시비조건(施肥條件)에서 조사(調査)하고 그 상호관계(相互關係)를 단순상관(單純相關) 분석(分析)으로 살펴봤다. 상호관계(相互關係)는 한개 군내(群內)에서나 세군(群)의 모든 품종간(品種間)에서 동일(同一)하였다. 정조수량(正租收量)은 Fe(시비효율(施肥効率); 증수량(增收量)/시비량(施肥量)), E(질소(窒素)의 정조생산효율(正租生産効率)), Ef(흡수시비질소효율(吸收施肥窒素効率)), Eu(비료질소이용율(肥料窒素利用率); 흡수시비질소(吸收施肥窒素)/N시비량(施肥量))과 고도(高度)의 유의상관(有意相關)을 보였다. E는 수확지수(收穫指數)(HI), 전이율(轉移率)(T), 정조(正租) 및 고중(藁中)의 질소농도(窒素濃度)(GN% 및 SN%)와 유의정상관(有意正相關)이었다. E는 Ef에 거의 의존(依存)하였으며 통일계통(統一系統)은 부분적(部分的)으로 Es(흡수토양질소효율(吸收土壤窒素効率))에 의존(依存)하였다. Ef는 Eu보다 Fe에 기여하는바가 컸다($Fe=Ef{\times}Eu$). 재래종군(在來種群)에서 장려군(奬勵群)으로 발전(發展)하면서 Ef와 Eu는 모두 증가(增加)하였으나 장려군(奬勵群)에서 통일군(統一群)으로 발전(發展)할때는 Ef와 Es만이 현저히 증가(增加)하였다. 수도품종간(水稻品種間)에서 E와 Fe가 Ef에 의존도(依存度)가 크다는 사실은 전보(前報)에 보고(報告)한 토양간(土壤間)에서 E와 Fe가 Es와 Eu에 의존도(依存度)가 크다는 사실(事實)과 좋은 대조(對照)가 된다. Ef는 시비하(施肥下)에서 수도품종(水稻品種)을 선발(選拔)하는데 가장중요(重要)한 지표(指標)로 나타났다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2009

The aims of this study is to examine the effects of the changes in HRT(Hydraulic Retention Time) and media charge in a water-mill, among other operation factors, on the nitrogen and phosphorus removal in order to use up-flow anaerobic reactors, anoxic reactors and water-mill aerobic reactors for sewage treatment. The extension of HRT improved the nitrogen removal efficiency, however the removal pattern was constant regardless of HRT. The removal of phosphorus was constant (80%-90%) regardless of the change in HRT. The removal rate with change in influx load varied such that at the OLR (Organic Load Rate) of 1-3 kg/d, the T-N removal efficiency was 80.7%-88.9% and the T-P removal efficiency was 82.9%-89.3% while at the NLR (Nitrogen Loading Rate) of 0.108-0.156 kg/d the removal efficiencies were 80.7-88.9% (T-N) and 82.9-89.3% (T-P). The analyses of the nitrogen and phosphorous removal characteristics with the C/N and C/P ratio showed that the mean T-N removal rate was 88% at the C/N ratio of 1.2-2.6, and that the mean T-P removal rate was 86% at the C/P ratio of 7.2-14.1. Also, the analysis of nitrogen and phosphorous removal characteristics were analyzed in relation to media charge. The comparison between with and without media charge in the water-mill showed that while the nitrogen removal efficiencies were 86-94% and 85-89% respectively, the difference of phosphorous removal efficiencies were between the two conditions was not significant, thus it suggested that the media charge has less effect on the removal efficiency of phosphorous compared to that of nitrogen.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.492-497
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• 2006

Feasibility of simultaneous removal of organic materials and nitrogen in the wastewater from fisheries processing plant was evaluated using entrapped mixed microbial cell (EMMC) process. The experiment was performed using activated sludge from municipal sewage treatment plant which was immobilized with gel matrix by cellulose triacetate. It was found the stable operation at the treatment system which is composed of anoxic and oxic tank, was possible when the organic and nitrogen loading rates were increased stepwise. The organic and nitrogen loading rates were conducted from 0.65 to $1.72kgCOD/m^3/d$ and from 0.119 to $0.317kg\;T-N/m^3/d$ with four steps, respectively. The maximum nitrogen loading rate which could satisfy the regulated effluent standard of nitrogen concentration, was $0.3kg\;T-N/m^3/d$. The removal efficiency of total nitrogen was decreased apparently as increasing nitrogen loading rates, whereas the removal efficiency of ammonium nitrogen was effective at the all tested nitrogen loading rates. Therefore, it was concluded that nitrification was efficient at the system. Nitrate was removed efficiently at the anoxic tank. whereas the nitrification efficiency at the oxic tank ranged 94.0% to 96.9% at the tested loading rates. The removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and those of total nitrogen at the entire system ranged from 94.2% to 96.6% and 73.4% to 83.4%, respectively.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.677-681
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• 2016

Excessive nitrogen fertilization influences crop yields and quality as well as environmental pollution. In this study, yields, nitrogen use efficiency and free sugar contents of burdock (Arctium lappa L.) were evaluated at different levels of nitrogen fertilization. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 5 levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200%) based on the conventional fertilization ($N=230kg\;ha^{-1}$), and phosphate and potassium fertilizer were treated by conventional P and K fertilization ($P_2O_5-K_2O=140-210kg\;ha^{-1}$) in all plots. The root yields of burdock were the highest in N 100~150% treatment plots. Nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen recovery decreased from over N 150% treatment. Nitrogen uptake of root was greater than that of shoot in N 50~200% treatments. Fructose contents in root were inversely proportional to the level of nitrogen fertilization. As considering nitrogen recovery and root quality, economical burdock yield was obtained in N $230kg\;ha^{-1}$.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 1975

질소(窒素)의 정조생산효율(正租生産効率)(E)과 수량(收量)(Y) 수확지수(收穫指數)(HI) 질소전이율(窒素轉移率)(T) 질소흡수량(窒素吸收量)(N) 정조중(正租中)N농도(濃度)(GN%) 고중농도(藁中濃度)(SN%) 전건물생산량(全乾物生産量)(TY) 간(間)의 관계(關係)를 4개질소영양환경(個窒素營養環境)(고위지(高位地)와 저위지(低位地)에서 6 및 12kg 시비수준(施肥水準))에서 수도품종(水稻品種)(구(舊) 및 신품종(新品種)) 간(間)에 단순상관분석(單純相關分析)으로 조사(調査)하였다. 질소(窒素)의 전건물(全乾物) 생산효율(生産効率) (TE)을 포함 이상(以上)의 두 인자(因子)들간(間)의 관계(關係)를 분석(分析)하였다. 1. E는 T, Y, HI와 유의정상관(有意正相關), SN%, N 및 GN와는 행의상관(行意相關)을, TY와는 부상관(負相關) 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 2. T는 GN% 및 Y와 유의정상과나(有意正相關)을, SN%와는 유의부상관(有意負相關)을 보였다. 3. TE는 TY와 유의정상관(有意正相關)을 N와는 유의부상관(有意負相關)을 보였다. 4. 품종간(品種間) E의 순위(順位)는 서로 다른 질소영양(窒素營養) 환경(環境)에서 일정성(一定性)을 보였다. 5. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)들로 다수품종(多收品種)은 고전이율(高轉移率)에 기인(基因)한 고질소효율(高窒素効率)을 갖고 띠라서 고중(藁中) N농도(濃度)가 낮으며 자실(子實)로 전류(轉流)된 N는 광합성산물(光合成産物)에 의(依)하여 크게 희석(稀析)되는 것으로 결론(結論)된다. 6. 최근육종(最近育種)된 이수성(多收性) IR 계통(系統)의 기보(旣報)된 생리적(生理的) 특성(特性)은 이 계통(系統)의 고질소효율(高窒素効率)과 잘 일치(一致)하였으며 수도육종(水稻育種)은 질소효율(窒素効率)에 기반(基盤)한 선발(選拔)로 진행(進行)되어왔다. 7. 고질소효율(高窒素効率) 품종(品種)은 생육후기(生育後期)에 효율(効率)이 큰 토양질소(土壤窒素)를 흡수(吸收)할 수 있도록 생육초기(生育初期)에 근생장(根生長)에 질소효율(窒素効率)이 클 것으로 추정(推定)된다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권2_spc호
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• pp.385-395
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• 2024

Ruminal ciliates are a fundamental constituent within the rumen microbiome of ruminant animals. The complex interactions between ruminal ciliates and other microbial guilds within the rumen ecosystems are of paramount importance for facilitating the digestion and fermentation processes of ingested feed components. This review underscores the significance of ruminal ciliates by exploring their impact on key factors, such as methane production, nitrogen utilization efficiency, feed efficiency, and other animal performance measurements. Various methods are employed in the study of ruminal ciliates including culture techniques and molecular approaches. This review highlights the pressing need for further investigations to discern the distinct roles of various ciliate species, particularly relating to methane mitigation and the enhancement of nitrogen utilization efficiency. The promotion of establishing robust reference databases tailored specifically to ruminal ciliates is encouraged, alongside the utilization of genomics and transcriptomics that can highlight their functional contributions to the rumen microbiome. Collectively, the progressive advancement in knowledge concerning ruminal ciliates and their inherent biological significance will be helpful in the pursuit of optimizing rumen functionality and refining animal production outcomes.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.44-48
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• 1999

Uptake, assimilation and translocation of nitrogen and dry matter assimilation and translocation in ten rice cultivars were observed in no-till direct-sown rice-vetch cropping system. There was a large degree of variation in N-uptake, grain yield, nitrogen translocation efficiency and dry matter assimilation and translocation in tested rice cultivars. Forty kg N/ha base, as compound fertilizer (21-17-21% of N-P-K) three weeks after sowing and 30 kg N/ha top-dressed at panicle initiation stage as in the form of (NH$_4$)$_2$$CO_2$ was applied. ‘Newbounet’, ‘Daesanbyeo’, and ‘Hwayeongbyeo’ showed higher translocation efficiency. The contribution of pre-heading dry matter assimilates to grain ranged from 33% to 99% of dry grain weight. Dry matter of ‘Calrose 76’ was lower than Newbounet but N content was higher in Calrose 76 than Newbonnet. By maturity, N content in vegetative parts declined considerably more than dry matter, vegetative and reproductive parts, N translocation efficiency, and N harvest index. Nitrogen translocation efficiency was greater in ‘Nonganbyeo’, Daesanbyeo, and Newbounet. Grain N concentration was positively correlated with N concentration or N content of the vegetative parts at heading in Nonganbyeo, ‘Dasanbyeo’, ‘Dongjinbyeo’, and Newbonnet. These results indicated that the greater amount of dry matter and N accumulated before heading stage, the higher translocation rates of dry matter to grain and the greater net losses at maturity.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.303-309
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• 2016

This study aimed to assay the biological removal of TDS (total dissolved solids) from RO (reverse osmosis) rejected water. Following bio-sorption of TDS with AGS (aerobic granular sludge), the effects of TDS on biological nitrogen removal were examined. The bio-sorption of TDS after AGS treatment was confirmed by checking for TDS removal efficiency and surface analysis of microorganisms with SEM and EDS. Then, the effects of TDS on biological nitrogen removal and the denitrification efficiency were evaluated using the MBR reactor. According to the results, the bio-sorption of TDS with AGS was 0.1 mg TDS/mg AGS, and we confirmed that the microorganism surfaces had adsorbed the TDS. Biological nitrogen removal efficiency was measured at inhibiting denitrification at 4,000 mg/L of TDS-injected material. Based on this study, it is necessary to pretreat TDS-containing RO rejected water and to maintain TDS concentration lower than a specific value (≤4,000 mg/L), when considering biological nitrogen removal.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.150-154
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• 1982

중질소요소(重窒素尿素)를 사용(使用) 3품종(品種)에 대(對)한 분시시험(分施試驗)을 폿드에서 수행하였다. 2회분시(回分施)는 4회분시(回分施)보다 통일계(統一系)에 월등히 좋았다. 시비효율(Fe), 이용율(利用率) 및 흡수시비질소효율(吸收施肥窒素效率)(Ef)은 4회분시(回分施)보다 2회분시(回分施)에서 월등히 컸다. Fe의 순위는 Ef의 순위와 같았다. 수량(收量)과 중질소과잉율(重素窒過利率)은 통일계(統一系)가 생육초기(生育初期)에 시용질소(施用窒素)를 많이 흡수(吸收)하여 후기(後期)에 상당히 재전류(再轉流)시킴을 나타내었다. 흡수시비질소(吸收施肥窒素)에 대(對)한 토양질소흡수증가량(土壤窒素吸收增加量) $({\Delta}Ns/Nf)$은 시비(施肥)로 인(因)한 토양질소이용율(土壤窒素利用率)의 지표(指標)가 될 수 있다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.296-301
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• 2015

The experiment was performed for in order to remove NOx which is generated in the Ship's engine. it was performed test in order to remove NOx which is generated in the Ship's engine. It was used as the oxidizing agent sodium chlorite. Use the oxidizer is nitrogen monoxide was oxidized to nitrogen dioxide. and was tested pH adjustment to increase the efficiency of oxidizing. An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide was used for the nitrogen dioxide absorbent. Low concentration of the solution, it showed a high efficiency. improves the absorption efficiency by add additives.