• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2014

The study aims to investigate and analyze actual situations of managing topsoil at forest development sites based on their types, in pursuit of conservation and effective use of national land. To do this, I selected target areas by deducting the typical types of forest development and analyzed the condition of soil at the target areas before and after development. In addition to this, I interviewed associated construction staffs to conduct study on present situations of topsoil management and find out its problems. I also surveyed of relevant experts, with the intention of seeking solutions. The results of the study have been shown that firstly, experts preferred collecting and recycling of topsoil as methods of improvement of soil conditions for plant growth. Secondly, the importance of topsoil has been well noticed and there were few construction sites using the methods. However, working and economical problems have disturbed carrying out these solutions. Thirdly, after constructions, organic matter and total-nitrogen content decreased in general which were necessary for plant growth in terms of soil conditions.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.114-124
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• 2020

시멘트 산업에서 질소산화물 배출은 중요한 문제로 인식되고 있으며 이를 저감하는 기술은 공정변경, 단계적 연소, 저 NOx 버너, SNCR, SCR로 나눌 수 있다. 이중 시멘트 산업에서 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 SNCR 운영만으로는 향후 강화될 배출허용기준을 만족시키기 어려울 것이 예상되며 SCR 등의 추가적인 장비 개선 및 기술 확보가 필요한 상황이다. 이에 따라 최근에는 국외를 중심으로 SNCR 및 SCR 동시 적용 기술, 분진 및 탈질 필터 기술과 NO 산화를 이용한 제거기술 등을 개발하고 있다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2011

바이오가스를 위주로 에너지자립을 추구하는 저탄소녹색마을 내에서 발생하는 혐기소화액을 순환 이용함에 있어서 벼 재배시 통합혐기소화액과 돈분혐기소화액 시용의 영향을 비교하였다. 토양검정분석을 통해 혐기소화액을 시용하고 토양 특성과 벼의 생육을 조사하였다. 벼의 생육은 화학비료구와 혐기소화액 처리구가 유사한 경향을 보였으며 수확량에서는 화학비료구에 비해 혐기소화액 처리구에서 모두 수량이 높게 나타났으며, 통합혐기소화액은 200%, 돈분혐기소화액은 100% 처리구에서 높은 수량을 보였다. 알곡과 볏짚의 질소흡수량은 화학비료구에 비해 혐기소화액 처리구에서 많았으며 흡수된 질소 효율은 화학비료 처리구에서 가장 높았으며 시용된 질소량의 이용 효율면에서는 돈분혐기소화액 100% 처리구가 가장 높았다. 수확후 토양에서는 혐기소화액을 처리한 구에서 pH와 치환성 양이온이 증가하였으며 염류 집적은 나타나지 않았다. 혐기소화액을 활용할 수 있는 적정 농경지 확보와 토양검정을 통한 적정 양분 시용으로 저탄소녹색마을에서의 자원 순환을 추구할 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 장기적인 관점에서 농경지 환경과 논 생태계에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구가 지속되어야 할 것이다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2009

음식물류폐기물의 재활용은 환경오염 예방과 자원 순환이라는 목적을 가지고 활발하게 시도되고 있다. 본 연구는 음식물류폐기물을 활용한 퇴비의 안전한 농업적 활용 방안을 모색하고, 음식물류폐기물의 농업적 활용기준 설정을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 수행하였다. 이를 위해서 음식물류폐기물 활용 퇴비의 장기간 연용이 작물 생육과 토양환경에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 시험에 사용된 재료는 질소, 인산, 칼리의 함량이 각각 $24g\;kg^{-1}$, $8g\;kg^{-1}$, $10.4g\;kg^{-1}$인 돈분퇴비와 질소, 인산, 칼리의 함량이 각각 $20g\;kg^{-1}$, $20.1g\;kg^{-1}$, $6.5g\;kg^{-1}$인 음식물류폐기물 활용 퇴비로써 $2{\times}2{\times}2m$ 크기의 라이시미터에 화학비료의 질소 시용량과 동일하게 시용한 후 상추, 배추, 고추 및 감자를 연속하여 재배 실험하였다. 음식물류폐기물 활용 퇴비를 시용한 시험구의 작물 생육은 무비구 보다는 양호하였으나 화학 비료구와 비교했을 때 작물에 따라 반응이 달랐다. 음식물류폐기물을 활용한 퇴비의 연속적인 시용은 토양의 이화학성에 대해서는 유기물, 질소 및 인산의 함량을 증가시켰고, 토양 물리성에 대해서는 통기성을 증가시켰다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.603-609
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal operation conditions in an anoxic oxic process to eliminate both organic and nitrogen matters in swine wastewater. For the purpose of this, the removal efficiency was evaluated with various HRTs and internal recycling ratio. During the whole 580 days of experiment, HRTs had been gradually decreased in an order of 20, 14, 12 and l0days, and the internal recycle ratio was kept at 20Q. So as to determine the effect of the internal recycle ratio on the nitrogen removal, the internal recycle ratio had been gradually increased from 20Q to 50Q while HRT was maintained at 12days. As a result, it was shown that the removal efficiency of organic matter was above 95% regardless of changing of HRTs. The average influent concentration of TCODcr and SCODcr were 24,854 mg/L and 18,920 mg/L, respectively. Average removal efficiency of TKN was shown to be nearly 98% when HRT was kept at 12days; however, the $NH_4{^+}-N$ concentration of effluent was shown to be increased when the loading rate of $NH_4{^+}-N$ was increased to $0.602 kgNH_4{^+}-N/m^3$-day by means of decreasing HRT to 10days. It was concluded that nitrogen loading rates should be more considered rather than organic loading rates in case of determining an optimal HRT. When gradually increasing the internal recycle ratio from 20Q to 50Q, the removal efficiency of organic matters and TKN were 96% and 98%, respectively so that no significant changes in removal efficiency was detected. However, when the internal recycle ratio was kept at 50Q, it was revealed that the $NO_3-N$ concentration of effluent seemed to drop and the average $NO_3-N$ concentration of effluent was around 52 mg/L.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2009

The main purpose of this study is as follows : Finding a solution for fresh wood chips to be used as an alternative growing-media through a study of the formation method of a compost base that is applicable on both construction site and composting factory to ferment fresh wood chips produced from construction site as well as a study on adjuvant or secondary materials. The result from the experiment plot using wood chips sized 50mm or less, manure and fertilizer mixed manure as a source of nitrogen to compost fresh wood chips has shown that the temperatures 9days and 3days after the beginning of the experiment reached to $49.0^{\circ}C$ and $40.4^{\circ}C$ respectively, the heating duration was 7days and 4days respectively, and the C/N ratio was 26.5 and 25.3, each satisfying the standard for composted manure (25.0~40.0). Also, the other result from another experiment plot using mixture of sandy soil and microorganism as an inoculation source of microorganism has shown that the temperature 10days after the beginning of the experiment reached to $67.6^{\circ}C$ and lasted 16days. The experiment plot using sandy soil has shown the highest figure of $5.3{\sim}108$ CFU/g in terms of number of microorganism. The result from the experiment plots for on-site composting of fresh wood chips have shown that the experiment plot that used sandy soil with fertilizer due to supply restriction of manure as a nitrogen source in construction site reached the high temperature of $54.7^{\circ}C$ after 3days of experiment beginning and maintained heating state for 17days and reached 30.6 of C/N ratio, satisfying the standard for composted manure.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.457-464
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• 2023

The rendering residue generated by rendering disposal, an eco-friendly livestock carcass disposal method, is a useful agricultural resource. Methods for recycling this are being actively researched, and this study investigated the impact of applying rendered residue directly to soil on crop productivity and the agricultural environment. The chemical properties of the rendering residue were examined. The pH, OM, T-N, T-P, CaO, K₂O, and MgO content values were 5.47%, 59.8%, 9.22%, 2.96%, 2.16%, 0.51% and 0.10%, respectively. Treatment conditions were divided into control, inorganic fertilizer, and rendering residue, and rendering residue corresponding to 50, 100, and 200% nitrogen content was applied based on the amount of inorganic fertilizer nitrogen input. Greenhouse gases and ammonia were collected during the cultivation period. Rendering residue increased both the yield and growth of peppers and was effective in improving nutrients such as pH and OM of the soil after harvest. However, compared to inorganic fertilizer treatment, it increased emissions of nitrous oxide and methane as well as ammonia. It is judged that the direct agricultural use of rendering residue is difficult, and a utilization method is needed.

• 한국폐기물자원순환학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2017

The current study was performed to investigate the effect of recycling coir substrates on the growth, fruit yield, and quality of strawberry plants. Analysis of physical properties revealed that the pH of a fresh coir substrate was 5.04 while those of substrates reused for one and two years were 5.20 and 5.33, respectively. The electrical conductivity (EC) of a new substrate was as high as $4.58dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. This can cause salt stress after transplanting. The EC tended to decrease as the substrate was recycled, and the EC of a two-year recycled substrate was $1.48dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. The fresh substrate had lower nitrogen and calcium concentrations, but higher phosphate, potassium, and sodium concentrations than the recycled coir substrate. The coir substrates recycled for one or two years maintained better chemical properties for plant growth than the fresh substrate. Strawberry growth varied depending on the number of years that the coir substrate was recycled. In general, strawberries grown in substrates that had been reused for two years did better than those grown in substrates that had been reused once or were fresh. Ninety days after transplanting, a plant grown in a substrate that had been reused for two years contained 25 leaves, which was 3.6 more than with a fresh substrate. In addition, the plants grown in a substrate that had been reused for two years exhibited larger leaf areas than those grown in other substrates. Coir substrates that had been reused for one year increased the number and area of leaves, but not as much as the substrate that had been reused for two years. One- and two-year reused coir substrates increased the weight of strawberries produced relative to the unused substrate, but the difference was not statistically significant. The plants grown in two-year reused substrates were longer and wider, as well. Also, the number of fruits per plant was higher when substrates were reused. Specifically, the number of fruits per plant was 28.7 with a two-year reused substrate, but only 22.2 with a fresh substrate. The fruit color indices (as represented by their Hunter L, a, b values) were not considerably affected by recycling of the coir substrate. The Hunter L value, which indicates the brightness of the fruit, did not change significantly when the substrate was recycled. Neither Hunter a (red) nor b (yellow) values were changed by recycling. In addition, there were no significant changes in the hardnesses, acidities, or soluble solid-acid ratios of fruits grown in recycled substrates. Thus, it is thought that recycling the coir substrate does not affect measures of fruit quality such as color, hardness, and sugar content. Overall, reuse of coir substrates from hydroponic culture as high-bed strawberry growth substrates would solve the problems of new substrate costs and the disposal of substrates that had been used once.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.766-773
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• 2011

The objective of the present study was to examine whether yaks possess any adaptive mechanisms of nitrogen (N) metabolism to survive in the harsh foraging environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. A grazing experiment on native alpine meadows was conducted to determine availability of herbage biomass and body weight (BW) change of yaks over the year, followed by two indoor feeding trials to investigate adaptation mechanisms of N metabolism in yaks fed at similar intake level to grazing conditions. Three castrated males of each of three genotypes; yak (Bos grunniens), indigenous cattle (Bos taurus) and their crossbred - cattleyak (Bos taurus male${\times}$Bos grunniens female), were used in the housed trials. Results showed that: i) Monthly herbage biomass production and daily grazing intakes by yaks over the year ranged from 220 to 4,664 kg DM per ha, and 1.90 to 8.50 kg DM, respectively. For about seven months each year, yaks suffer from malnutrition as a result of inadequate pasture conditions; ii) Urinary N excretion and N retention by yaks were significantly affected by feeding level, and yaks had a lower (p<0.05) average daily urinary N excretion (0.39 g/kg $BW^{0.75}$) and a greater (p<0.05) N retention (-0.09 g/kg $BW^{0.75}$) than indigenous cattle (0.47 and -0.16 g/kg $BW^{0.75}$, respectively). Fasting daily urinary N excretion was greater (p<0.05) for indigenous cattle than yaks (353 vs. 248 mg/kg $BW^{0.75}$). Purine derivative N excretion and purine derivative N index (PNI) increased with increasing feeding level, while the value of PNI was greater (p<0.05) for yaks and cattleyak (0.11 and 0.12, respectively) than for indigenous cattle (0.09) during the feeding trials. These results suggest that yaks could rely, in part, on the recycling of N to adapt to the harsh forage environment on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.), were used in the housed trials. Results showed that: i) Monthly herbage biomass production and daily grazing intakes by yaks over the year ranged from 220 to 4,664 kg DM per ha, and 1.90 to 8.50 kg DM, respectively. For about seven months each year, yaks suffer from malnutrition as a result of inadequate pasture conditions; ii) Urinary N excretion and N retention by yaks were significantly affected by feeding level, and yaks had a lower (p<0.05) average daily urinary N excretion (0.39 g/kg $BW^{0.75}$) and a greater (p<0.05) N retention (-0.09 g/kg $BW^{0.75}$) than indigenous cattle (0.47 and -0.16 g/kg $BW^{0.75}$, respectively). Fasting daily urinary N excretion was greater (p<0.05) for indigenous cattle than yaks (353 vs. 248 mg/kg $BW^{0.75}$). Purine derivative N excretion and purine derivative N index (PNI) increased with increasing feeding level, while the value of PNI was greater (p<0.05) for yaks and cattleyak (0.11 and 0.12, respectively) than for indigenous cattle (0.09) during the feeding trials. These results suggest that yaks could rely, in part, on the recycling of N to adapt to the harsh forage environment on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2019

유기질 비료는 작물의 수량과 토양의 비옥도를 증진 시킬 수 있는 주요 농자재로 알려지면서, 유기질 비료의 적정 시비량 설정 연구에 대한 관심이 크게 증대되었다. 이에 본 연구는 유기질 비료의 종류 및 시비량을 달리하여 마늘을 재배한 후 마늘의 생육, 수량, 질소이용효율 및 토양의 화학적 특성 변화를 확인하고 이를 통해 유기질 비료의 적정 시비량을 제시하고자 수행되었다. 본 시험의 처리구는 무처리, NPK처리구(N-P₂O₅-K₂O : 250-78-128 kg ha^-1), 유기질 비료 처리구로 설정하였으며, 유기질 비료 처리구는 혼합유박(MEC), 혼합유기질(MOF), 유기복합(OCF)을 각각 질소시비량(250 kg ha^-1)을 기준으로 50, 100 및 150%로 설정하여 시비하였다. 마늘의 생육은 혼합유박을 제외한 혼합유기질 및 유기복합비료 100% 처리구에서 NPK처리구와 유사한 경향을 보였으나 50% 및 150% 시비시 생육이 저하되는 것을 확인하였다. 마늘의 질소이용효율은 혼합유기질 및 유기복합비료의 100%처리구에서 각각 38.4% 및 38.0%로 NPK처리구(38.8%)와 가장 유사하게 나타났다. 마늘 수확 후 토양 특성으로 pH는 유기질 비료시비에 따라 낮아졌으나 NO₃-N 및 NH₄-N의 농도는 시비량이 증가함에 따라 높아지는 경향이었다. 치환성 양이온, Av.P₂O₅, OM의 함량은 처리구에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 위의 결과를 통해 마늘 재배 시 혼합유기질 및 유기복합처리구 100% 시비가 가장 효과적이라고 판단되어지나 과다 및 장기 시비에 대한 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.