• Title/Summary/Keyword: Ni-W alloys

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Effects of the Addition of Mn and $AB_5$ Type Alloy on the Electrochemical Characteristics of Ti-Cr-V BCC Type Alloys (BCC계 Ti-Cr-V 합금의 전기화학적 특성에 미치는 Mn 및 $AB_5$계 합금 첨가 효과)

  • Kim, J.Y.;You, J.H.;Park, C.N.;Park, C.J.;Choi, J.;Cho, S.W.
    • Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.52-59
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    • 2007
  • We investigated the effects of the addition of Mn and $AB_5$ type alloy on the electrochemical characteristics of Ti-Cr-V BCC type alloys as anode materials for Ni-MH battery. The activation behavior and discharge capacity of the BCC type alloys were significantly improved by ball-milling with the $LmNi_{4.1}Al_{0.25}Mn_{0.3}Co_{0.65}$ alloy, because the $AB_5$ type alloy acted as hydrogen path on the surface of the BCC type alloy. Among the Mn substituted alloys($Mn=0.03%{\sim}0.08%$), the $Ti_{0.32}Cr_{0.38}Mn_{0.05}V_{0.25}$ alloy ball-milled with $AB_5$ type alloy exhibited the greatest discharge capacity of $336\;mAh{\cdot}g^{-1}$. In addition, Mn substituted alloys exhibited the lower plateau pressure in P-C- T curve, the better hydrogen storage capacity and faster surface activation compared with the alloy without Mn.

Research of Diffusion Bonding of Tungsten/Copper and Their Properties under High Heat Flux

  • Li, Jun;Yang, Jianfeng
    • Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.14-14
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    • 2011
  • W (tungsten)-alloys will be the most promising plasma facing armor materials in highly loaded plasma interactive components of the next step fusion reactors due to its high melting point, high sputtering resistance and low deuterium/tritium retention. The bonding technology of tungsten to Cu alloy was one of the key issues. In this paper, W/CuCrZr diffusion bonding has been performed successfully by inserting pure metal interlay. The joint microstructure, interfacial elements migration and phase composition were analyzed by SEM, EDS, XRD, and the joint shear strength and micro-hardness were investigated. The mock-ups were fabricated successfully with diffusion bonding and the cladding technology respectively, and the high heat flux test and thermal fatigue test were carried out under actively cooling condition. When Ni foil was used for the bonding of tungsten to CuCrZr, two reaction layers, Ni4W and Ni(W) layer, appeared between the tungsten and Ni interlayer with the optimized condition. Even though Ni4W is hard and brittle, and the strength of the joint was oppositely increased (217 MPa) due primarily to extremely small thicknesses (2~3 ${\mu}m$). When Ti foil was selected as the interlayer, the Ti foil diffused quickly with Cu and was transformed into liquid phase at $1,000^{\circ}C$. Almost all of the liquid was extruded out of the interface zone under bonding pressure, and an extremely thin residual layer (1~2 ${\mu}m$) of the liquid phase was retained between the tungsten and CuCrZr, which shear strength exceeded 160 MPa. When Ni/Ti/Ni multiple interlayers were used for bonding of tungsten to CuCrZr, a large number of intermetallic compound ($Ni_4W/NiTi_2/NiTi/Ni_3T$) were formed for the interdiffusion among W, Ni and Ti. Therefore, the shear strength of the joint was low and just about 85 MPa. The residual stresses in the clad samples with flat, arc, rectangle and trapezoid interface were estimated by Finite Element Analysis. The simulation results show that the flat clad sample was subjected maximum residual stress at the edge of the interface, which could be cracked at the edge and propagated along the interface. As for the rectangle and trapezoid interface, the residual stresses of the interface were lower than that of the flat interface, and the interface of the arc clad sample have lowest residual stress and all of the residual stress with arc interface were divided into different grooved zones, so the probabilities of cracking and propagation were lower than other interfaces. The residual stresses of the mock-ups under high heat flux of 10 $MW/m^2$ were estimated by Finite Element Analysis. The tungsten of the flat interfaces was subjected to tensile stresses (positive $S_x$), and the CuCrZr was subjected to compressive stresses (negative $S_x$). If the interface have a little microcrack, the tungsten of joint was more liable to propagate than the CuCrZr due to the brittle of the tungsten. However, when the flat interface was substituted by arc interfaces, the periodical residual stresses in the joining region were either released or formed a stress field prohibiting the growth or nucleation of the interfacial cracks. Thermal fatigue tests were performed on the mock-ups of flat and arc interface under the heat flux of 10 $MW/m^2$ with the cooling water velocity of 10 m/s. After thermal cycle experiments, a large number of microcracks appeared at the tungsten substrate due to large radial tensile stress on the flat mock-up. The defects would largely affect the heat transfer capability and the structure reliability of the mock-up. As for the arc mock-up, even though some microcracks were found at the interface of the regions, all microcracks with arc interface were divided into different arc-grooved zones, so the propagation of microcracks is difficult.

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Low Temperature Diffusion Brazing of Commercial Pure(CP)-Ti alloy with Zr-based Filler Metal (Zr기 필러메탈을 이용한 상용 순 티타늄(CP-Ti) 합금의 저온 브레이징 특성)

  • Sun, J.H.;Shin, S.Y.;Hong, J.W.
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2016
  • Titanium and its alloys can be usually joined with brazing method. And the alloys should be brazed at low temperature to keep their original microstructure. In this study, the mechanical strength and microstructure of the CP-Ti joint-brazed with $Zr_{54}Ti_{22}Ni_{16}Cu_8$ filler metal having melting temperature of $774{\sim}783^{\circ}C$ were investigated. The tensile strengths of the joint-brazed at $800^{\circ}C$ with $100^{\circ}C/min$ of cooling rate showed more than 400 MPa which was as high as base metal. The $Widmanst{\ddot{a}}tten$ structure consisting of Ti and $Ti_2Ni$ phase was observed in the joint area. However, the tensile strengths of the joint-brazed at $800^{\circ}C$ with $15^{\circ}C/min$ of cooling rate were decreased and the Ti, $(Ti,Zr)_2Ni$ and $Ti_2Ni$ phases were observed at the joint area. It is believed that the $(Ti,Zr)_2Ni$ laves phases could decrease the mechanical strength of the joint and the cooling rate should be controled to get high strength of the titanium joint.

Behaviors of Grain Growth in Carbide Added TiC Matrix Cermets (탄화물첨가 TiC기지 서멧의 입성장 거동)

  • Shin, Soon-GI;Lee, Jun-Hee;Lee, Hwa-Sang
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.12 no.10
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    • pp.825-830
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    • 2002
  • The growth rate of solid grains in TiC-XC-2vol% and TiC-XC-30vo1% Ni cermets, where X=Zr, W or Mo, was fitted to an equation of the form $d^3$-$do^3$=Kt. The grain growth behavior during liquid phase sintering at 1673K decreased markedly with addition of $Mo_2$C or WC and increased with addition of ZrC. The contiguity ratio was greater in the alloys with smaller growth rate constant and decreased with increasing Ni content in the $TiC-Mo_2$C-Ni cermet. The grain growth mechanism could be explained by the effect of contiguous grain boundaries in restricting the overall grain growth.

Electrode characteristics of $AB_2$ type hydrogen storage alloy modified by Cr, La addition and fluorination ($AB_2$계 수소저장합금의 전극특성에 미치는 Cr, La 첨가 효과 및 표면 불화처리 효과)

  • Chang I.;Lee B. H.;Cho W. I.;Jang H.;Cho B. W.;Yun K. S.
    • Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.45-51
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    • 1998
  • [ $AB_2-type$ ] alloy, one kind of hydrogen storage alloys used as an anode of Ni-MH batteries, has large discharge capacity but has remaining problems regarding initial activation, cycle life and self-discharge. This study investigates the effects of Cr-addition and fluorination after La-addition on $Zr_{0.7}Ti_{0.3}V_{0.4}Mn_{0.4}Ni_{1.2}$, composition $AB_2-type$ alloy. EPMA and SEM surface analysis techniques were used and the crystal structure was characterized by XRD analysis. In addition, electrodes were fabricated out of the alloys and characterized by constant current cycling test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization. Cr-addition was found to be effective to cycle life and self-discharge but ineffective to initial activation due to formation of stable oxide film on surface. Fluorination after La-addition to the alloys improved initial activation remarkably due to formation of highly reactive particles on surface.

Effects of Holding Temperatures on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CP Titanium and Ti-6Al-4V Alloy and Its low Temperature Brazing Characteristics (열노출 온도에 따른 CP 티타늄, Ti-6Al-4V 합금의 미세조직/기계적성질 변화 및 저온브레이징 특성)

  • Sun, J.H.;Shin, S.Y.;Hong, J.W.
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.3-9
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    • 2010
  • Titanium and its alloys were brazed in the range of $850-950^{\circ}C$ within 10 min. of brazing time using expensive infra red or other heating methods. However, brazing time needs to be extended to get temperature-uniformity for mass production by using continuous belt type furnace or high vacuum furnace with low heating rate. This study examined effects of holding temperature for 60 min, on microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium alloys. Mechanical properties of titanium alloys were drastically deteriorated with increasing holding temperature followed by grain growth. Maximum holding temperatures for CP (commercial pure) titanium and Ti-6Al-4V were confirmed as $800^{\circ}C$ and $850^{\circ}C$, respectively. Both titanium alloys were successfully brazed at $800^{\circ}C$ for 60 min. with the level of base metal strengths by using Zr based filler metal, $Zr_{54}Ti_{22}Ni_{16}Cu_8$.

The Effect of Alloy Composition on the Microsturcture and Discharge Characteristics of Zr-base Laves Phase Alloys(Zr-V-Mn-Ni) (Zr기 $AB_2$ Laves Phase 합금(Zr-V-Mn-Ni)의 조성에 따른 결정구조와 방전 특성)

  • Kim, In-Gon;Jeong, Won-Seop;Jang, Dae-Gyu;Seo, Chang-Yeol;Kim, Won-Baek
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.6 no.11
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    • pp.1099-1106
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    • 1996
  • 니켈-수소화물전지의 음극재료로서 주목을 받고 있는 다원계 Zr기 Laves 합금의 조성에 따른 결정구조, 방전특성등을 조사하였다. 전극은 아크 용해한 합금을 분쇄한 분말과 PVA를 다공성니켈 foam에 충진하여 제작하였고 충방전시험은 6M KOH 용액중에서 수행하였다. 대상 합금은 ZrNi2를 기본조성으로 하여 이중 Ni의 일부를 V, Mn, Cr, Mo 또는 W로 치환한 삼원계 및 사원계 합금이었다. 이들 합금의 충방전 실험결과 ZrV0.5Mn0.5Ni1.0의 경우가 260 mAh/g로 가장 높은 방전용량을 나타내었다. 이 합금의 방전용량은 방전전류밀도의 영향을 크게 받았으며 10 mA/g과 200mA/g의 방전전류에서 각각 300mAh/g와 150mAh/g이었다. 이 합금을 110$0^{\circ}C$에서 열처리한 경우 저율방전시에는 방전용량의 변화가 거의 없었으나 수소의 확산이 율속이 될 것으로 생각되는 고율 방잔시에서는 방전용량이 현저하게 감소하였다. 이러한 현상은 열처리에 의해 수소의확산을 용이하게 해주는 격자결함이 감소하기 때문이 아닌가 생각된다.

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Fabrication of Ultrafine Tungsten-based Composite Powders by Novel Reduction Process (신공정에 의한 초미립 텅스텐계 복합분말 제조)

  • Lee, Dong-Won
    • Journal of Powder Materials
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.338-342
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    • 2012
  • A novel chemical method was evaluated to fabricate the ultrafine tungsten heavy alloy powders with bater-base solution made from the ammonium metatungstate (AMT), iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate ($FeCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$), nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate ($NiCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$) as source materials and the sodium tungstate dihydrate ($NaWO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$) as Cl-reductant. In the preparation of mixtures the amounts of the source components were chosen so as to obtain alloy of 93W-5Ni-2Fe composition(wt.%). The obtained powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, XRF, field-emission scanning microscope (FESEM), and chemical composition was analyzed by EDX.

The Influence of Bonding Strength and Interface Characteristics to Bonding Agent and Veneer Ceramics on Metal-Ceramic Prosthetics (결합재와 베니어세라믹이 금속-세라믹 보철물의 전단결합강도와 계면특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Min-Jung;Choi, Sung-Min;Chung, In-Sung
    • Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.349-357
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: In this study, for the reasons of observing the changes when using bonding agent with Ni-Cr alloy and Co-Cr alloy and using VM13 and Vintage MP ceramic which have the disparity in coefficient of thermal expansion, it is carried out to evaluate the characteristics of the bonding agent through the analysis of the interface between metal and ceramic and the analysis of bond strength by variable. Methods: The surface treatment was performed on the two kinds of alloy(Ni-Cr alloy and Co-Cr alloy) specimens, which were sandblasted and were treated with bonder application. The metal-ceramic interfaces were analyzed with EPMA in order to ionic diffusion, and the shear test was performed. Results: As a result of observation of metal-ceramic interfacial properties, it was observed that Cr atoms were spread from the alloy body to the ceramic floor in the specimen of Group B. It was also seen that Cr, W atoms were spread from the alloy body to the ceramic floor in the specimen of Group S. In consequence of observing Shear bond strength, it was calculated that the specimen of BSV was 27.75(${\pm}11.21$)MPa, BSM was 27.02(${\pm}5.23$)MPa, BCV was 30.20(${\pm}5.99$)MPa, BCM was 27.94(${\pm}10.76$)MPa, SSV was 20.83(${\pm}2.58$)MPa, SSM was 23.98(${\pm}3.94$)MPa, SCV was 32.32(${\pm}4.68$)MPa, and SCM was 34.54(${\pm}10.63$)MPa. Conclusion: In the metal-ceramic interface of Bellabond plus sample group, diffusion of Cr atoms was incurred and diffusion of C Cr atoms and W atoms in the sample group of $Starloy{(R)}\;C$ was observed. Using bonding agent showed the higher bond strength than using the sand blasting treatment. In the Bellabond plus alloys, the specimen group with the use of binding materials showed higher shear bond strength, but didn't show statistically significant differences (p>0.05). In the $Starloy{(R)}\;C$ alloys, the specimen group with the use of binding materials showed higher shear bond strength and statistically significant differences(p<0.05). In terms of VM13 ceramic, it was in the Bellabond plus alloys that the high shear bond strength was showed, but there's no statistically significant differences(p>0.05). In terms of Vintage MP ceramic, it was in the $Starloy{(R)}\;C$ alloys that the high shear bond strength was showed and statistically significant differences(p<0.05). Metal-ceramic to fracture of the shear strength measurements and an analysis of all aspects of military usage fracture of the composite, respectively.

Effect of Crystallization Treatment on the Magnetic Properties of Amorphous Strips Based on Co-Fe-Ni-B-Si-Cr Containing Nitrogen

  • Cho H.J.;Kwon H.T.;Ryu H.H.;Sohn K.Y.;You B.S.;Park W.W.
    • Journal of Powder Materials
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    • v.13 no.4 s.57
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    • pp.285-289
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    • 2006
  • Co-Fe-Ni-B-Si-Cr based amorphous strips containing nitrogen were manufactured via melt spinning, and then devitrified by crystallization treatment at the various annealing temperatures of $300^{\circ}C{\sim}540^{\circ}C$ for up to 30 minutes in an inert gas $(N_2)$ atmosphere. The microstructures were examined by using XRD and TEM and the magnetic properties were measured by using VSM and B-H meter. Among the alloys, the amorphous ribbons of $Co_{72.6}Fe_{9.8}Ni_{5.5}B_{2.4}Si_{7.1}Cr_{2.6}$ containing 121 ppm of nitrogen showed relatively high saturation magnetization. The alloy ribbons crystallized at $540^{\circ}C$ showed that the grain size of $Co_{72.6}Fe_{9.8}Ni_{5.5}B_{2.4}Si_{7.1}Cr_{2.6}$ alloy containing 121 ppm of nitrogen was about f nm, which exhibited paramagnetic behavior. The formation of nano-grain structure was attributed to the finely dispersed Fe4N particles and the solid-solutionized nitrogen atoms in the matrix. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the nano-grain structure of 5nm in size could reduce the core loss within the normally applied magnetic field of 300A/m at 10kHz.