• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2000

Si-wafer에 단면 코팅된 UBM(Under Bump Metallurgy)의 젖음성을 Sn-Pb 솔더에서 평가하기 위하여 wetting balance 법을 사용하였다. 단면 코팅된 UBM의 젖음곡선은 양면 코팅된 시편의 젖음 곡선과 비교할 때, 젖음곡선의 모양이 비슷하고 젖음곡선을 특징짓는 변수들의 온도에 대한 변화경향이 일치하였다. 단면 코팅된 금속층의 젖음성을 젖음곡선으로부터 정의한 새로운 젖음 지수 $F_{min}$, $F_{s}t_{s}$로 평가할 수 있었다. Au/Cu/Cr UBM은 젖음시간의 측면에서 Au/Ni/Ti UBM보다 젖음성이 우수하였다 Si-wafer에 단면 코팅된 UBM과 Sn-Pb 솔더의 접촉각을 $F_{s}$와 기울어짐각을 측정하고 메니스커스의 정적상태에서 힘의 평형으로부터 유도된 식을 이용하여 계산할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2011

고체산화물 연료전지의 전극인 LSM 과 Ni-YSZ 의 미세구조와 형태가 환원 및 로드조건에 영향을 받는다. 초기 전극구조는 평판 형 덩어리 모양을 띈다. 로드 조건을 $0.1A/cm^2$, $0.2A/cm^2$, $0.3A/cm^2$로 각각 3 시간 동안 주고 실험 전, 후로 각각의 셀 성능 및 구조 변화를 관찰했다. 각각의 로드에 따라 그 셀 구조가 다양하게 변화된다. 이런 변형들로 인해 전극의 구조변화가 생기고 그로 인해 삼상계면의 증가된다. 특히 활성면적 증가에 따른 전지의 활성화 손실의 감소가 로드조건에 비례해서 두드러지게 나타난다. 이로 인해 전지의 성능이 향상 되며 전지에 대한 최적의 로드조건이 존재함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.16.2-16.2
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• 2011

Graphene has attracted significant attention due to its unique characteristics and promising nanoelectronic device applications. For practical device applications, it is essential to synthesize high-quality and large-area graphene films. Graphene has been synthesized by eloborated mechanical exfoliation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, chemical reduction of exfoliated grahene oxide, thermal decomposition of silicon carbide, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on metal substrates such as Ni, Cu, Ru etc. The CVD has advantages over some of other methods in terms of mass production on large-areas substrates and it can be easily separated from the metal substrate and transferred to other desired substrates. Especially, plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD) can be very efficient to synthesize high-quality graphene. Little information is available on the synthesis of graphene by PECVD even though PECVD has been demonstrated to be successful in synthesizing various carbon nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes and nanosheets. In this study, we synthesized graphene on $Ni/SiO_2/Si$ and Cu plate substrates with CH4 diluted in $Ar/H_2$ (10%) by using an inductively-coupled PECVD (ICPCVD). High-quality graphene was synthesized at as low as $700^{\circ}C$ with 600 W of plasma power while graphene layer was not formed without plasma. The growth rate of graphene was so fast that graphene films fully covered on substrate surface just for few seconds $CH_4$ gas supply. The transferred graphene films on glass substrates has a transmittance at 550 nm is higher 94%, indicating 1~3 monolayers of graphene were formed. FETs based on the grapheme films transferred to $Si/SiO_2$ substrates revealed a p-type. We will further discuss the synthesis of graphene and doped graphene by ICPVCD and their characteristics.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.539-544
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• 2002

Titanium and titanium alloy are excellent in corrosion resistance and specific intensity, and also in the biocompatibility. On the other hand, the brazing is bonding method of which productivity and reliability are high, when the complicated and precise structure of the thin plate is constructed. However, though conventional titanium-based brazing filler metal was excellent in bond strength and corrosion resistance, it was disadvantageous that metal structure and mechanical property of the base metal deteriorated, since the brazing temperature (about 1000 C) is considerably high. Authors developed new brazing filler metal which added Zr to Ti-Cu (-Ni) alloy which can be brazed at 900 C or less about 15 years ago. In this paper, the development of more low-melting-point brazing filler metal was tried by the addition of the fourth elements such as Ni, Co, Cr for the Ti-Zr-Cu alloy. As a method for finding the low-melting-point composition, eutectic composition exploration method was used in order to reduce the experiment point. As the result, several kinds of new brazing filler metal such as 37.5Ti-37.5-Zr-25Cu alloy (melting point 825 C) and 30Ti-43Zr-25Cu-2Cr alloy (melting point: 825 C) was developed. Then, the brazing joint showed the characteristics which were almost equal to the base metal from the result of obtaining metallic structure and strength of joint of brazing joint. However, the brazing filler metal composition of the melting point of 820 C or less could not be found. Consequentially, it was clarified that the brazing filler metal developed in this study could be practically sufficiently used from results such as metal structure of brazing joint and tensile test of the joint.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.620-625
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• 2002

Considering the fuel consumption of car, a light structure of aluminum alloys is desired for car body nowadays. However, fusion welding of aluminum alloys has some problems of reduction of joint efficiency, porosity formation and hot cracking. ill the present work, investigation to improve the joint performance of laser welded joint has been carried out by addition of Cu, Ni, and Zr to A6N01 alloy welds. Aluminum alloy plate of 2.0mm in thickness with filler metal bar was welded by twin beam Nd:YAG laser facility (total power:5kW). The filler metals were prepared by changing the chemical compositions for adding the elements into the weld metal. Thirteen filler metal bars were prepared and pre-placed into the base metal before welding. Ar gas shielding with a flow rate of 10 l/min was used. The defocusing distance is kept at 0 mm. At travel speeds of 3 to 9 m/min and at laser power of 5kW (front beam 2kW rear beam 3kW), full penetration welds were obtained, whereas at travel speeds of 12 to 18 m/min and same power, partial penetration was observed. The joint efficiency of laser-welded joint was improved by the addition of Cu, Ni, and Zr due to the solid solution hardening, grain refining and precipitation hardening. The type of hardening has been further considered by metallurgical examination.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.155-166
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• 1992

In dentistry, precious metal alloys are, mainly due to economic factors, increasingly displaced by alternatives containing Ni-Cr-Co. There are some reports where hypersensitive reactions to Ni-Cr-Co alloys are presented and discussed. The reactions reported vary from mucosa contact stomatitis to generalized dermatitis without any oral mucosal reaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of nickel, chrome, cobalt and copper, and to know whether subjects with positive skin reaction to nickel would also demonstrate adverse intraoral reaction to a non-precious metal nickel. The patch tests were performed in 81 subjects(male 39, female 42) and nickel sulfate 5% aq., potassium bichromate 0.5% at., cobalt chloride 2% aq., & copper sulfate 1% aq., were used for test allergens. And then the intraoral tests were performed in 16 subjects, 8 subjects with positive allergic skin reaction to nickel and 8 subjects with negative allergic skin reaction. A pure metallic nickel plate was attached to the buccal side of the upper second premolar. The results are as follows : 1. The frequency of nickel sensitivity was 9.9% (2 men, 6 women), cobalt was 4.9% (1 man, 3 women), and chrome was 2.5% (2 men) respectively and there was no positive reaction to copper 2. The positive reactions were 8 of 23 (34.8%) with a history of jewelry allergic reactions and 3 of 58 (5.1%) without a history of jewelry allergic reactions. 3. Three of 8 subjects with positive skin reaction. gave reactions to the metal plates.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.843-848
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• 2013

LNG 수요의 증가에 따라, LNG FPSO (부유식 생산저장 하역설비) 선박 및 LNG 선박의 건조도 지속적으로 증가하고 있고, 다양한 형태의 저장탱크 설계가 시도되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 LNG를 저장하는 선박 화물창 내부탱크의 방식으로 5~9% Ni강재를 적용하고, 단열재를 우레탄폼 블록 대신에 펄라이트 분말을 충전하는 새로운 선박 탱크 형식을 제안하였다. 펄라이트 단열재의 적용 가능성을 위하여 필수적으로 검토되어야 하는 펄라이트의 내부탱크 벽체에 가하는 압력, 압력 흡수를 위하여 적용되는 탄성 블랭킷의 특성, 블랭킷의 적정 설계두께, 내부탱크 설계압력 등 설계 인자들을 분석하였다. 연구결과로, 블랭킷의 두께설계 기준은 내부탱크 단열간격의 1/4~1/3 사이가 되어야 하고 적정 두께는 30% 정도가 되었으며, 탱크 설계압력 기준은 블랭킷 두께에 따라 1,500 Pa 이하가 되어야 하는 것으로 얻어졌다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2020

Container vessels continue to grow in size, led by global shipowner. Large ships can be loaded more cargo at a time, reducing the cost of transportation per teu. this eventually leads to economies of sale, in which the production cost per unit decreases with increasing output. in accordance with the 70th Convention of the Marine Environment Protection Committee of the International Maritime Organization, as of January 1, 2020, MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3 will be effective. All vessels must be meet these criteria to reduce Sox emissions and reduce NOx emissions by reducing the content of manned sulfur oxides from 3.5% to less than 0.5%, otherwise IACS Member States Entry to the port is denied. in order to do that need to LNG storage tank. in this study characteristic of the material after line heating (600℃,700℃,800℃,900℃) of 9% Ni steel used in the manufacture of LNG fuel tank of ship were verified using by mechanical test. In the heating method by line heating. The initial properties of steel are changed by variables such as temperature, time, speed. The experimental data of line heating presented in this paper confirmed that the initial change of 9% Ni steel could be minimized.

• International Journal of Korean Welding Society
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2002

Considering the fuel consumption of car, a light structure of aluminum alloys is desired fer car body nowadays. However, fusion welding of aluminum alloys has some problems of reduction of joint efficiency, porosity formation and hot cracking. In the present work, investigation to improve the joint performance of laser welded joint has been carried out by addition of Cu, Ni, and Zr to A6NO 1 alloy welds. Aluminum alloy plate of 2.Omm in thickness with filler metal bar was welded by twin beam Nd: YAG laser facility (total power: 5kW). The filler metals were prepared by changing the chemical compositions for adding the elements into the weld metal. Thirteen filler metal bars were prepared and pre-placed into the base metal before welding. Ar gas shielding with a flow rate of 10 1/min was used. The defocusing distance is kept at 0 mm. At travel speeds off 3 to 9 and at laser power of 5kW (front beam 2kW rear beam 3kW), full penetration welds were obtained, whereas at travel speeds of 12 to 18 m/min and same power, partial penetration was observed. The joint efficiency of laser-welded joint was improved by the addition of Cu, Ni, and Zr due to the solid solution hardening, grain refining and precipitation hardening. The type of hardening has been further considered by metallurgical examination.

• International Journal of Korean Welding Society
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.14-18
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• 2002

Titanium and titanium alloy are excellent in corrosion resistance and specific intensity, and also in the biocompatibility. On the other hand, the brazing is bonding method of which productivity and reliability are high, when the complicated and precise structure of the thin plate is constructed. However, though conventional titanium-based brazing filler metal was excellent in bond strength and corrosion resistance, it was disadvantageous that metal structure and mechanical property of the base metal deteriorated, since the brazing temperature ( about $1000^{\circ}C$ ) is considerably high. Authors developed new brazing filler metal which added Zr to Ti-Cu (-Ni) alloy which can be brazed at $900^{\circ}C$ or less about 15 years ago. In this paper, the development of more low-melting-point brazing filler metal was tried by the addition of the fourth elements such as Ni, Co, Cr for the Ti-Zr-Cu alloy. As a method for finding the low-melting-point composition, eutectic composition exploration method was used in order to reduce the experiment point. As the result, several kinds of new brazing filler metal such as 37.5Ti-37.5-Zr-25Cu alloy (melting point: $825^{\circ}C$) and 30Ti-43Zr-25Cu-2Cr alloy (melting point: $825^{\circ}C$) was developed. Then, the brazing joint showed the characteristics which were almost equal to the base metal from the result of obtaining metallic structure and strength of joint of brazing joint. However, the brazing filler metal composition of the melting point of $820^{\circ}C$ or less could not be found. Consequentially, it was clarified that the brazing filler metal developed in this study could be practically sufficiently used from results such as metal structure of brazing joint and tensile test of the joint.