• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.84-96
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to find whether the educational program contributed to the increase of caring confidence and rearing attitude of the newborn mothers. The subjects for this study were 40 newborn mothers-20 control group and 20 experimental group-who delivered a normal neonate and were gotten general informations from the nurses at the K medical center in Seoul. Especially, the experimental group was educated for 30-40 minutes in maternal educational program through lectures, demonstrations, discussion with textbooks and visual materials by a researcher at 2-3 days after delivery. The data were collected two times-at 2-3 days after delivery and at 4 weeks after discharge-from October, 1998 to January, 1999 by investigators interviewing with a structured questionnaire. Pharis(1978)'s self confidence scale was used after some modification to measure caring confidence and Cohler's maternal attitude scale to check mother's rearing attitude. Analysis of data was done by using of frequency, %, x²-test, Independent sample t-test. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The Confidence of the experimental group was significant higher than the control group (t=2.519, p=.016) and the rearing attitude changed more positively(t=5.545, p=.000). 2. In the confidence scale, the statements having a significant change were holding a baby, changing diapers, feeding, and caring umblicus. 3. In the rearing attitude scale, the statements having a significant change were 12 of 20 statements.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.1
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• pp.56-74
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• 1998

The language of the newborn, like that of adults, is one of gesture, posture, and expression(Lewis, 1980). Helping parents understand and respond to their newborn's cues will make caring for their baby more enjoyable and may well provide the foundation for a communicative bond that will last lifetime. Infant state provides a dynamic pattern reflecting the full behavioral repertoire of the healthy infant(Brazelton, 1973, 1984). States are organized in a predictable emporal sequence and provide a basic classification of conditions that occur over and over again(Wolff, 1987). They are recognized by characteristic behavioral patterns, physiological changes, and infants' level of responsiveness. Most inportantly, however, states provide caregivers a framework for observing and understanding infants' behavior. When parents know how to determine whether their infant is sleep, awake, or drowsy, and they know the implications, recognition of states has for both the infant's behavior and for their caregiving, then a lot of hings about taking care of a newborn become much easier and more rewarding. Most parents have the skills and desire to do what is best for their infant. The skills 7373parents bring to the interaction are: the ability to read their infant's cues: to stimulate the baby through touch, movement, talking, and looking at: and to respond in a contingent manner to the infant's signals. Among the crucial skills infants bring to the interaction are perceptual abilities: hearing and seeing, the capacity to look at another for a period of time, the ability to smile, be consoled, adapt their body to holding or movement, and be regular and predictable in responding. Research demonstrates that the absence of these skills by either partner adversely affects parent-infant interaction and later development. Observing early parent-infant interactions during the hospital stay is important in order to identify parent-infant pairs in need of continued monitoring(Barnard, et al., 1989).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

Many inborn errors of metabolism can be completely cured with early detection and early treatment. This is why neonatal screening on inborn errors of metabolism is implemented worldwide. In 1991, the Ministry of Health & Social affairs adopted a nationwide service program for neonatal screening of phenylketonuria, galactosemia, maple syrup urine disease, homocystinuria, histidinemia and congenital hypothyroidism for newborns delivered from low class pregnant women registered in health centers. Government decreased the test items from six to two, PKU and congenital hypothyroidism to increase test numbers with same budget from 1995. 78 laboratories wanted to participate for neonatal screening test in 1999. Government decided to screen six items of PKU, congenital hypothyroidism, maple syrup urine disease, homocystinuria, galactosemia and congenital adrenal hyperplasia from 2006. In 2014, thirteen laboratories are participating. Inter laboratory quality control was started 6 times a year from 1994. In case a patient with an inherited metabolic disease is diagnosed by screening of government program, special milk is provided at government's expense. According to the government project, from 1997 to 2013, 7,080,569 newborns were screened. 144 PKU, 2.451 congenital hypothyroidism were detected. So incidence of PKU is 1/49,170 and congenital hypothyroidism is 1/2,888. The cost benefit of performing screening procedures coupled with treatment has been estimated to be as high as 1.77 times in PKU, 11.11 times in congenital hypothyroidism than cost without screening. By January 2007, many European countries had expanded of their newborn screening programs by inclusion of Tandem mass spectrometry. We are trying to increase the budget to test all newborns for Tandem mass spectrometry from 2016. We are considering four to five central laboratories which cover all newborns and are equipped with tandem mass spectrometer & enzyme immunoassay for TSH, 17OHP & enzyme colorimetric assay for galactose. And I hope to expand test including Wilson disease screening test and lysosomal storage diseases.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.322-331
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• 1998

The postpartum is a period of transition to motherhood where a childless woman transforms into a woman with children. Parents, especially mothers must perform an essential role of implementing instrumental and emotional care behaviors on part of the helpless, dependent, and immature infant. First-time mothers, however, suddenly face the responsibility of round the clock duty without neither parenting training during pregnancy, nor a time to gradually adapt to growing responsibilities after birth, with confusion and frustration as a result. Thus, after providing first-time mothers with childcare education as maternal role preparation, this study will try to examine its effects on childcare behaviors and confidence in maternal role during the early postpartum period. This quasi-experimental study using a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design, was carried out from March 1995 to May 1996 to verify the effects of a childcare education program with first-time mothers who had vaginal delivery in Ewha University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, and collected data from 60 subjects who consented to the study. The education was given in the early postpartum period(48-72 hours after delivery) and to measure its effects, a posttest was done 4 weeks later with the results analyzed by SPSS shown in the following : 1. The childcare behavior score of the experimental group that had received the newborn care education was higher than the control group(t=3.5, P=.001). 2. The control group and the experimental group which had received the education showed no difference in degree of confidence in maternal role. 3. The higher the childcare behavior score, the higher the degree of confidence in maternal role was among the subjects(r=.56, P=.001). The preceding results are significant in that childcare practices can be promoted by providing child-care education to first-time mothers in the early postpartum period. Thus, this education can be used as a nursing intervention strategy in the early postpartum period.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.78-87
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of an educational program on pregnancy and delivery including pregnancy related knowledge, newborn care knowledge, and postpartum care self-efficacy for married immigrant women. Methods: A nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental design was used. The educational program was developed by though an educational need assessment of married immigrant women and an expert opinion. The program was provided for 3 weeks, once a week for two hours. The data were analyzed with SPSS program using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, $X^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, and t-test. Results: The program significantly improved pregnancy related knowledge, newborn care knowledge, and postpartum care self-efficacy for the married immigrant women who participated in the program compared to the women who did not. Conclusion: The results indicate that the educational program has an affirmative effect on pregnancy related knowledge, knowledge of newborn care, and postpartum care self-efficacy in these women. It is suggested, therefore, that the educational program be used to every married immigrant woman at the public health centers or delivery clinics help them to adjust to the childbearing and childrearing experience and this will ultimately enhance the quality of family life of married immigrant women in Korea.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.137-153
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• 2024

This study synthesized the literature to identify parental psychosocial impact and related factors on newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) process. A scoping review, using the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley (2005), was conducted. A literature search was performed of electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, RISS, KISS, DBpia) from 2000 to 2023. In total 749 published articles were identified, and 32 articles were included for the final analysis. Almost studies were descriptive studies using survey or interviews and only one intervention study to reduce negative psychosocial impacts was identified. Parents were experiencing negative psychosocial impacts, particularly related to how positive results were initially communicated and had difficulties accessing timely and reliable information. Findings identified that knowledge, quality and satisfaction of education and communication, information sources and providers as related factors of parental psychosocial impacts. Prenatal and postpartum repeated education, providing timely and reliable information, effective communication between health care providers and parents were key to mitigate negative psychosocial impacts. Nurses can play important roles to improve quality on NBS.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.124-132
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• 2021

Purpose: Neonatal near miss (NNM) allows for the detection of risk factors associated with serious newborn complications and death, the prevention of which could reduce neonatal mortality. This study was conducted with the objective of identifying predictors for NNM in a tertiary hospital in Bangalore city. Methods: This was an unmatched case-control study involving 120 NNM cases and 120 controls. NNM was determined using Pileggi-Castro's pragmatic and management criteria. Data was collected from in-patient hospital records and interviews of postpartum mothers. Multiple logistic regression of exposure variables was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Significant predictors were maternal age ≥30 years (AOR, 5.32; 95% CI, 1.12 to 9.29; P=0.041), inadequate antenatal care (ANC) (AOR, 8.35; 95% CI, 1.98 to 51.12; P=0.032), <3 ultrasound scans during pregnancy (AOR, 12.5; 95% CI, 1.60 to 97.27; P=0.016), maternal anaemia (AOR, 18.96; 95% CI, 3.10 to 116.02; P=0.001), and any one obstetric complication (hypertensive disorder in pregnancy, diabetes in pregnancy, preterm premature rupture of membranes, prolonged labour, obstructed labour, malpresentation) (AOR, 4.34; 95% CI, 1.26 to 14.95; P=0.02). Conclusion: The predictors of NNM identified has important implications for public health policy and practice whose modifications can improve NNM. These include expanding essential ANC package to include ultrasound scans, ensuring World Health Organization recommendations of eight ANC visits, capacity building at all levels of health care to strengthen routine ANC and obstetric care for effective screening, referral and management of obstetric complications.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.467-475
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• 2006

The necessity of adequate pregnancy weight gain for optimal pregnancy outcome has been recognized. However, the specific components of pregnancy weight gain that might be critical for fetal growth and development have not been elucidated clearly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of pregnancy weight gain and birth weight with serum leptin levels in women delivered newborns. The subjects were recruited from K university hospital. The subject's characteristic data (age $32.1\;{\pm}\;4.3\;y$, gestational age $39.5\;{\pm}\;1.1wk$, pre-pregnancy weight $58.0\;{\pm}\;8.6\;kg$, pregnancy weight gain $12.7\;{\pm}\;5.5\;kg$, newborn's birth weight $3.5\;{\pm}\;0.5\;kg$) were gathered. Maternal dietary assessment was carried out at the end of pregnancy. After delivery, blood samples were collected from 20 mother-newborn pairs. Serum levels of various lipids and leptin were analyzed. Maternal daily consumption of iron, zinc, folate were lower than the RDA of each nutrient and index of nutritional quality was less than 1 showing that the quality of maternal diet was low. The levels of serum leptin of mothers and infants were $10.2\;{\pm}\;6.7\;ng/ml$ and $1.7\;{\pm}\;0.6\;ng/ml$, respectively. The serum leptin concentrations of male infants $(1.9\;{\pm}\;0.7\;ng\;ml)$ were not different from that of females $(1.7{\pm}0.5\;ng/ml)$. A negative correlation was found between the maternal pre-pregnant BMI and weight gain during pregnancy (r = -0.54, p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the pregnancy weight gain and the newborn's birth weight (r=0.59, p < 0.01 There were also positive correlation between newborn's birth weight and newborn's serum leptin levels (r = 0.57, p < 0.01). No correlations were found between maternal serum leptin levels and that of newborn's. Efforts should be made to attain adequate diet and weight gain during the pregnancy to reduce the likelihood of low or over birth weight of newborns.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.867-886
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• 1993

Vitamin B-6 status parameters of mothers were assessed in relation to th condition of the infant at birth and during the neonatal period. Parameters were assessed at birth and then weekly in 18 mother-infant pairs during the neonatal period ; mothers were supplemented postnatally with 2 or 27 mg PN-HCI/d. Vitamin B-6 inadequacy in the 2mg supplemented group was suggested by the vitamin status parameters. Mothers whose infants had unsatisfactory Apgar scores at 5min after birth(<7) had lower vitamin B-6 status parameters than mothers whose infants were scored satisfactory. Also, infants who scored unsatisfactory at birth and whose mothers were supplemented with the low level of PN had significantly lower vitamin B-6 status parameters at 7 days of age than infants who scored satisfactory. Infants scored unsatisfactory showed some beneficial effects in both vitamin B-6 status and growth associated with the higher level of maternal postnatal vitamin B-6 supplement. In summary, the mother's prenatal and postnatal vitamin B-6 intake were significantly related to the condition of her infant at birth and during the neonatal period, respectively.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

Purpose: This study compared the pain and skin reactions of neonates according to the method of removing the adhesive eyepatch used for phototherapy. Methods: The subjects included 20 neonates admitted at C University Hospital. In group 1 (n=10), DuoDERM dressing was attached under the adhesive eyepatch, which was removed with water, while in group 2 (n=10), the eyepatch was attached on the skin and removed with oil. Heart rate, oxygen saturation, the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), crying time were measured. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: No interaction was found between group and timing for heart rate and oxygen saturation. In group 1, the NIPS score was higher and the crying time was longer than in group 2. No difference was observed in the erythema score between the groups. Conclusion: Removing the adhesive eyepatch using oil can be used as a nursing intervention to reduce pain and improve comfort in neonates.