• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.406-423
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• 2014

The recent advances in wireless communication systems and semiconductor technologies are paving the way for new applications over wireless sensor networks. Health-monitoring application (HMA) is one such emerging technology that is focused on sensing and reporting human vital signs through the communication network comprising sensor devices in the vicinity of the human body. The sensed vital signs can be divided into two categories based on the importance and the frequency of occurrence: occasional emergency signs and regular normal signs. The occasional emergency signs are critical, so they have to be delivered by the specified deadlines, whereas the regular normal signs are non-critical and are only required to be delivered with best effort. Handling the occasional emergency sign is one of the most important attributes in HMA because a human life may depend on correct handling of the situation. That is why the underlying network protocol suite for HMA should ensure that the emergency signs will be reported in a timely manner. However, HMA based on IEEE 802.15.4 might not be able to do so owing to the lack of an appropriate emergency-handling mechanism. Hence, in this paper, we propose a new emergency-handling mechanism to reduce the emergency reporting delay in IEEE 802.15.4 through the modified superframe structure. A fraction of an inactive period is modified into three new periods called the emergency reporting period, emergency beacon period, and emergency transmission period, which are used opportunistically only for immediate emergency reporting and reliable data transmission. Extensive simulation is performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. The results reveal that the proposed scheme achieves improved latency and higher emergency packets delivery ratio compared with the conventional IEEE 802.15.4 MAC.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.604-609
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• 2019

A variety of complaints about road signs have occurred for various reasons, such as new road facilities, new road signs such as road name signs, and an increase in nearby important facilities. In addition, there are many road signs that are in violation of road sign regulations. The basic principles of road signs, the connectivity of guide names, the location suitability, and a consistent road sign guidance system have not implemented. To solve these problems, various errors were investigated on major road signs on eight national highways, including direction signs, distance signs, boundary signs, and route signs. In addition, we classified the errors on road signs by grade to give them maintenance priority. We also analyzed the error status of signs for each route and grade. Based on the data, the problems of the road signs were derived, and an improvement plan is discussed. Based on this research, more systematic installation and management of road signs through cooperation between the government and local governments could increase the efficiency of road signs, as well as provide safer and more convenient road sign guidance systems for road users.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.133-147
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• 1999

Traffic signs without a cognitive consideration in their design may cause information-processing problem that could result in a mental confusion among drivers often lead to a serious traffic accident. Therefore, in this study, several traffic signs currently used in Seoul Metropolitan area have been sampled and analyzed to identify design problems that usually caused by neglecting drivers cognitive ability. To classify the practical design problems, five major information-processing problems have been suggested: indistinguishable information, information conflict, missing information, sign-load mismatch, and information overload. In order to solve these cognitive problems, new traffic signs have been suggested in this study. An experiment was also performed to validate the new traffic sign. Twenty-four healthy subjects participated in the experiment. They were asked to answer the Question after observing the traffic signs continuously displayed on computer screen. The result indicated that subjects improved the accuracy in understanding the signs by 1.4 times when they used the suggested traffic sign compared to the old one. Based upon the results, a cognitive guideline was suggested for correct and speedy reading of traffic signs by improving information processing and reducing of human error. In conclusion, the traffic sign may well be applied to design an intelligent traffic sign system to increase the safety and comfort of drivers, especially in complex load condition.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.339-342
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• 2005

In this paper, a hand-operating method (tiled test method) of the wool-blending sample is made out, and make use of the method, the test of wool-blending bundle in different blending ratio is accomplished. According to the test data, the synthesis method of the stretch curve is worked out and the synthesis software for the typical stretch curve of wool-blending bundle is designed. Through laboratory hand-operating method, the blending fasciculus applying to fiber bundle test can be obtained in a short time. Calculation for sampling is accomplished in the article. We bring up 9 new signs to describe the characteristics of the curve behind peak for the first time: elongation behind peak (HE), elongation percentage behind peak (HEP), relative elongation rate behind peak (RHE), total break work $(W_a)$, break work behind peak (HW), break work coefficient behind peak (HWC), elongation percentage of half-load behind peak (HEL), load percentage of half-elongation behind peak (HLE), break efficiency behind peak (HEC).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3207-3211
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• 2016

Background: Skin cancer has a remarkable importance given the high incidence in the population. In Brazil, it is estimated that there were 98,420 new cases of non-melanoma skin cancer among men and 83,710 new cases among women in 2014. Objectives: To verify signs and symptoms present in patients with skin neoplasms according to the literature and relate them to the nursing diagnoses of NANDA International. Materials and Methods: Integrative literature review carried out from March to May 2015 in the databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SCOPUS, National Library of Medicine and Nattional Institutes of Health, Latin American and Caribbean Sciences of Health and Web of Science. The descriptors used were: 'Signs and Symptoms' and 'Skin Neoplasms'. Sixteen articles were identified as the final sample. After review, the signs and symptoms of skin cancer identified in the literature were related to the defining characteristics present in NANDA International, with the aim to trace possible nursing diagnoses. Results: The most prevalent signs and symptoms were: asymmetric and well circumscribed nodules with irregular borders; speckles with modified color aspect; ulcerations; blisters; pain; itching; and bleeding. The principal nursing diagnoses outlined were: risk for impaired skin integrity; impaired skin integrity; acute pain; risk of shock; and impaired comfort. Conclusions: The identification of signs and symptoms present in patients with skin cancer and the relationships of these with the nursing diagnoses of NANDA International provide a basis for qualified and systematized nursing care to this clientele.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2000

In this paper, a vision-based roadway detection algorithm for an automated vehicle control system, based on roadway sign information on roads, is proposed. First, in order to detect roadway signs, the color scene image is enhanced under hue-invariance. Fuzzy logic is employed to simplify the enhanced color image into a binary image and the binary image is morphologically filtered. Then, an effective algorithm of locating signs based on binary rank order transform (BROT) is utilized to extract signs from the image. This algorithm performs better than those previously presented. Finally, the inner shapes of roadway signs with curving roadway direction information are recognized by neural networks. Experimental results show that the new detection algorithm is simple and robust, and performs well on real sign detection. The results also show that the neural networks used can exactly recognize the inner shapes of signs even for very noisy shapes.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.93-99
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate the cause of a new duck disease occured in southern part of Korea. A meat type duck farm located in Kangjin, Chonnam Province had experienced outbreaks of septicemic disease at around 20 days of age in nearly every batch of ducklings from early spring to early summer in 1989. Main symptoms of the birds were eye and nasal discharge, depression, inappetence, diarrhea and nervous signs such as tremor and ataxia. Some birds died suddenly without any signs. Mortality reached from 20% to 80% in severe cases. The autopsy findings of the affected ducklings revealed consistantly severe airsacculitis, fibropericarditis, perihepatitis and occasionaly enteritis and distended ureter with urate deposit. A rod shaped gram-negative bacterium was isolated purely from brain and liver of the diseased ducks by culturing the specimens on blood agar for 48 hours in candle jar. The isolate neither produced hemolysis nor grew on MacConKey Agar. It formed colony relatively slowly being recognizable at least 36 hours after culturing, reaching colony size of about 1mm in diameter at 48 hours culture. The colony looked iridescent under oblique light and had muddy odor. The isolate did not ferment carbohydrates tested but produced gelatinase, hippuricase and oxidase which were considered as characteristics of P anatipestifer. The isolate induced similar signs and lesions when infected experimentally into ducks of 3 to 38 days age via intraperitoneum or intratrachea. However it did not produce any clinical signs wen inoculated via intranasal route. It produced only mild signs in chicken just injected with a very large dose. The bacteria did not produce any signas or lesions in mice. It was concluded through biochemical and physiological tests and animal inoculation tests that the new disease was caused by P anatipestifer.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.29-40
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• 2011

The objective of this paper is to develop an intelligent decision support system that is able to advise disaster countermeasures and degree of incidents on the basis of the collected and analyzed signs of disasters. The concepts derived from ontology, text mining and case-based reasoning are adapted to design the system. The functions of this system include term-document matrix, frequency normalization, confidency, association rules, and criteria for judgment. The collected qualitative data from signs of new incidents are processed by those functions and are finally compared and reasoned to past similar disaster cases. The system provides the varying degrees of how dangerous the new signs of disasters are and the few countermeasures to the disaster for the manager of disaster management. The system will be helpful for the decision-maker to make a judgment about how much dangerous the signs of disaster are and to carry out specific kinds of countermeasures on the disaster in advance. As a result, the disaster will be prevented.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.78-94
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• 2013

In order to examine the influence of Anti-form in contemporary fashion focusing on 'signs of time', which illustrates the zeitgeist effects art and fashion, this study investigates both Anti-form movement in art of 1960s and 1970s and the fashion designs since 1970s when the signs of the influence of Anti-form in fashion began to appear. This was done by conducting literary survey as well as case analysis. Anti-form values the process and signs of time in that it visualizes the time and the process of making artworks. The emphasis on signs of time in Anti-form is observed in postmodernism fashion. Visualization of manufacturing process, visualization of signs of wearing, and continuation of wearing experience are all influences of the Anti-form in fashion. Visualization of manufacturing process exposes the techniques and the materials involved in garment construction such as linings, inside-out seams, interlinings, and unraveled hems, as well as the use of muslin, which is used in making garment prototypes. Signs of wearing is articulated in wrinkles caused by wearing, sings of alteration, reappeared designs of the past collections, reuse of vintage fabrics or garments, and the fabrics which assumes aged appearance. Continuous experience of a wearer is indicated in that the garment shape is not predetermined but changes continuously by the wearer's body shape and movement, which generates new and relative silhouettes continuously.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.191-212
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• 1997

The environmental interpretation in historic sites will be considered as an important management strategy for improving the understanding of users of natural and cultural resources which surround them. The purpose of this study was to survey on the status and visitor's awareness of environmental interpretation in historic sites. This study was carried out through the review of literature, the questionnaire to 487 visitors who visited 14 historic sites including palace, royal tomb, and others(Kyongbok Palace, Changdok Palace, Changgyong Palace, Toksu Palace, Unhyon Palace, Donggunung, Soonung, Honinung, Sonjongnung, Yongnung, Chongmyo shrine, Sajik Park, Suwon Castle, Namhan Mountain Castle) at October 26th, 27th in 1996, the field survey of 14 historic sites, and the interview. The results derived from this study were as follows; First, the environmental interpretation of the historic sites that were carried out this research were mainly the signs, interpretive publications, but Changdok Palace(the Secret Garden)have been only implemented the environmental interpretation by guide. Generally, the techniques of environmental interpretation in historic sites were not various, and environmental interpretation for visitor were not implemented effectively. Second, from the questionnaire analysis, visitors who visited 14 historic sites were not concerned with signs being used as typical environmental interpretation media in historic sites, but they were satisfied with the accessibility and location of signs relatively. Also they were more satisfied with the number, graphic, and color of signs than the others. Third, according to the results of satisfaction analysis through re-grouping question item about signs, visitors were the most satisfied with the accessibility of signs, but were not the most satisfied with the design of signs. There were significantly different to the satisfaction about the design and management of signs and comprehensive satisfaction of signs by age group. This results suggested that new environmental interpretation media should be planned and designed in consideration of desire and need by age group. Fourth, it was studied that visitors had not experience of various environmental interpretation. and most visitors agreed to the necessity of introducing diverse environmental interpretation and improving environmental interpretation.