• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.4 s.79
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• pp.265-273
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• 1996

Fleshy fungi were collected during field trips to mountain areas throughout the country from October in 1994 to June in 1995. Through the observation and identification of specimens belonging to the wood-rotting fungi of the Aphyllophorales, one genus, Phlebiopsis, and six species, Athelia bombacina, Ceraceomyces sublaevis, Hyphoderma sibiricum, Hyphodontia arguta, Phlebiopsis gigantea, and Radulomyces confluens were confirmed as new corticioid fungi to Korea and are registered here with descriptions.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.359-365
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• 2010

Fifty Actinobacteria strains were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Sasa borealis. In the course of screening for antibacterial activity against bacterial leaf spot of pepper (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria) of isolates, 12 isolates showed strong antibiotic activity. Basis on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, they were belonging to Streptomyces cluster II. Strain JR-24 exhibited strong antibiotic activity against X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 10 ${\mu}l$/disc. The strain JR-24 was most closely related to Streptomyces galbus $DSM40089^T$ (98.1%), Streptomyces longwoodensis $LMG20096^T$ (98%) and Streptomyces capoamus $JCM4734^T$ (97.8%). When assayed with the API 20NE and 50 CHE kit, it is positive for utilization of L-arabinose, D-fructose, D-glucose, D-galactose and hydrolysis of gelatin, protein, starch. The strains contained iso-$C_{14:0}$ (25.93%), iso-$C_{15:0}$ (10.13%), anteiso-$C_{15:0}$ (19.29%) and iso-$C_{16:0}$ (20.35%) as major fatty acids and MK-9 (H4), MK-9 (H6), and MK-9 (H8) as the isoprenoid quinone. Strain JR-24 was suggested new species of genus Streptomyces by nearest neighbors of genotypic relationships and phenotypic characterization. This study was important to microbial resources investigation for environment-friendly agriculture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.76-81
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• 1983

Pedicularis spp. are the alternate hosts of the white pine blister rust fungi in the forests of Korea, and Ribes spp. were found as other alternate hosts by artificial inoculation test. New biotypes (races) with different host selectivity and pathogenicity of the causal fungi were speculated at various places in Korea. The aeciospores of the fungi were collected from two isolated places, Pyeongchang and Namwoen, and artificially inoculated on Pedicularis resupinata and six species of the genus Ribes. Among the tested alternate host species, P. resupinata and R. montigenum were only susceptible to both the Pyeongchang population and the Namwoen population, showing similar pathogencity between the two fungai populations. Three white pine species were planted in fungus-infested stands to study the susceptibility of each tree species. Four years later, 17.7% of Pinus koraiensis and 26.3% of the P. strobus were infected, but P. parviflora was free from attack. From the above results, it was concluded that the white pine blister rust fungus populations in Korea are of the same biotype, with P. koraiensis and P. strobus as aecial hosts, and Pedicularis spp. and Ribes spp. as telial hosts.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.166-173
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• 2010

The purpose of functional genome research is to identify biological function of useful gene and to give an agricultural value in plant biotechnology. Brassica rapa is an economic crop which recorded 1,000 billion won of domestic market and 100 million dollar of exports and it produces 2.5 million ton in 50,000 ha as a major ingredient of representative Korean food, Kimchi. Furthermore, it is very important crop economically and commercially because Korea is major seed exporter. The fact that Multinational Brassica Genome Project (MBGP) was launched and Arabidopsis thaliana, affiliated to same genus with B. rapa, has been fully sequenced activated functional genome research of B. rapa. Besides new technologies related to gene function analysis keep developing, many results are reporting every year by international research including Korea. This review paper introduces development of Chinese cabbage mutants which is a first step in functional genome research, variant phenotypes of mutants, flanking DNA analysis in B. rapa genome, gene identification, gene analysis using microarray, and representative researches.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.804-813
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• 2008

Cordyceps militaris, the Chinese medicinal fungal genus Cordyceps, is reported to possess many pharmacological activities including immunological stimulating, anti-cancer, anti-virus and anti-infection activities. However, the molecular mechanisms of C. militaris on biochemical actions in cancer have not been clearly elucidated yet. In the present study, we investigated the anti-proliferative activity of the water extract of C. militaris (WECM) in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. It was found that WECM could inhibit the cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, which was associated with morphological changes and apoptotic cell death such as formation of apoptotic bodies and increased populations of apoptotic sub-G1 phase. Apoptotic cell death of HepG2 cells by WECM was connected with a up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax expression, tumor suppressor p53 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (WAF1/CIP1). In addition, WECM treatment induced the proteolytic activation of caspase-3 and a concomitant degradation and/or inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), ${\beta}-catenin$ and phospholipase $(PLC)-{\gamma}1$ protein. Furthermore, caspase-3 inhibitor, z-DEVD-fmk, significantly inhibited WECM-induced apoptosis demonstrating the important role of caspase-3 in the observed cytotoxic effect. Taken together, these findings provide important new insights into the possible molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer activity of C. militaris.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.335-343
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• 2014

Several species of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia produce the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) known to be responsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning. Recently off the coast of Geomundo and in Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Korea Strait, P. cf. brasiliana predominated in summer, 2010. As P. cf. brasiliana was new to Korea, we describe the morphological characteristics of the species. It was observed that cells were linear to lanceolate in valve and girdle view, $51{\sim}76{\mu}m$ long and $1.9{\sim}2.6{\mu}m$ wide. In the central part a large interspace was absent. The number of fibulae and striae in $10{\mu}m$ were 30~37 and 31~37. Each stria contained 2~3 rows of poroids, with 10 to 14 poroids in $1{\mu}m$ length. These morphological features of P. cf. brasiliana were found to be similar with the P. brasiliana, except with the fact that P. cf. brasiliana carred more numbers of fibulae/striae in $10{\mu}m$ and poroids in $1{\mu}m$. Based on our observation, we suggest that P. cf. brasiliana is a newly identified Pseudo-nitzschia species or a variety of P. brasiliana.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.2 s.82
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• pp.272-278
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• 2007

Proteases are enzymes that break peptide bonds between amino acids of other proteins and occupy a crucial position with respect to their applications in both physiological and commercial fields. In order to screen new source of protease, bacteria producing extracellular proteases at low temperature were isolated from deep sea water of East Sea, Korea. A bacterium showing the best growth rate and production of an extracellular protease at low temperature was designated HJ 47. The DNA sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, phenotypic tests and morphology led to the placement of this organism in the genus Pseudoalteromonas. Although maximal growth was observed at $37^{\circ}C$, enzyme production per culture time was maximum at $20^{\circ}C$. At this temperature, extracellluar protease production was detected from the end of the exponential phage to stationary phase, and maximal at 15 hours after initial production. The optimum temperature and pH of the protease were found to be $35^{\circ}C$ and 8.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 1959

The bamboo, one of staples of South-East Asia, has 1, 250 species in 46 Genus throughout the world South-East Asia, it's main habitat, has 1, 180 species, while South America has about 70 species or so. Major places of it's production in Asia are Korea, southern China, Japan, Malay, Ceylon, Formosa, and Philipine, but of these, Korea, southern China, and Japan are the most famous places for their production of excellant bamboo. In Korea, Kyongsang-Namdo and Cholla-Namdo are known as it's home, occupying 80 per cent of the total area of bamboo production in this country. Kyongsang-Pukdo, Cholla-Pukdo, Chungehong-Namdo, and Kangwon-do are also known as it's minor production. The importance of the bamboo can not be ignored, considering it's role in the industrial development of this country; the bamboo-ware is indispensable for the culture of laver which annually secures a considerable amount of foreign money. But it has long been regreted that the home-made bamboo-ware is far from being able to meet the ever increasing demand in quantity and is forced to be imported annually. In the light of the above mentioned fact, much interested; I undertook the task of investigating the bamboo in this country, Primarily concerned in it's kind and distribution, and could draw the following conclusions as the first phase of my investigation: (1). The amount of the bamboo accumulation in this country, compared with that of pre-worldwar II, is reduced as much as 300, 000 fagots(on fagot amounts to 25 pieces), and now the acreage of the bamboo field is 32, 200$\textrm{km}^2$s. (2). At a mountian peak in Kunoe-myon Wando-kun Cholla-Namdo, I found out a new specis. (Shasamorpha chiisanensis NAKAI Forma wan-Ponia H. P. CHONG) (3). The kinds of the autogenous wild bamboo in this country are as follows; a). 8 kinds in Sinoarundinaria. (5 Spp; 2 For; 1 Var) b). 1 kinds in Pieioplastus. (1 Spp) c). 2 kinds in Pseudosasa. (1 Spp; 1Var.) d) 4 kinds in Sasamorpha. (2 Spp; 1 For.; 1 Var.) e). 4 kinds in Sasa. (4 Spp) In total there are nineteen(19) kinds of autogenous wild bamboo in this country. When adding to this thethirty five (35) species which the japanese has transplanted in Kyongsang-Namdo Forestry Expreimental stations, there are in all fifty four (54) spe ies in this country. (4). As for the distribution of the Northern limitation of the bamboo growing, I found that Sinoarundinaria nigra OHWI var, Henonis HONDA can be cultivated as for as Kosongkun, Kangwon-Do, andSinoarundinaria pubescens HONDA as for as Clung Chong Namdo, and Sinoarundinaria reticulata as far as chung Chong-Pukdo.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2011

This study was for developing leaf chlorophyll mutant cultivars of Cymbidium goeringii by ethyl-methanesulfonate(EMS) treatment. Chlorophyll mutant rhizomes were easily produced by 0.2% EMS treatment in this genus. Among the mutants, they became dark brown about 50% of the rhizomes. When the dark-brown rhizomes were cultured in a solidified MS medium, new rhizomes were formed from part of the old ones. Chlorophyll mutant rhizomes were obtained from subcultured meristem tissues of newly-formed rhizomes. The rhizomes were cut and subcultured for a year and then became mutant plants. As the results, they produced 4 kinds of leaf mutant cultivars; zigzag-striped, comb-striped, net-striped, and dwarf types, indicating that the EMS treatment in the rhizome could produce versatile leaf chlorophyll regulating mutants. These results suggest that our method is useful for developing leaf mutant cultivars of this planta which they are estimated as higher commercial values.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.3 s.78
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• pp.228-236
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• 1996

Flesh fungi were collected during field trips to mountain areas throughout the country from May to October of 1994. Through the observation and identification of specimens belonging to the Aphyllophorales, one genus, Tylospora, and six species, Athelia fibulata, Hypochnicium punctulatum, Tylospora fibrillosa, Stereum ochraceo-flavum, Steccherinum litschaueri, and Oligoporus undosus were confirmed new to Korea and are registered here with descriptions.