• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.218.1-218.1
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• 2003

Saponins are known to be the major constituent of Panax ginseng. More than 30 kinds of ginseng saponins are reported so far. The major saponins in white ginseng (WG) or red ginseng (RG) are ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rg1, and Re. HPLC method with ELSD or UV detection was used to analyze ginsenosides. Recently, a new processed ginseng with fortified activity, named as Sun Ginseng (SG), was reported. The major ginsenosides of SG are totally different from that of WG or RG, i.e., ginsenoside Rg3, Rk1, and Rg5 are the major constituents of SG. (omitted)

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2022

Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br, commonly called dagga, klip dagga, or lion's ear, has been used to effectively treat various diseases and other health problems for a long time because of its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic activities. Several studies have attributed these biological activities to L. nepetifolia's constituent secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, glycosides, coumarins, anthocyanins, and saponins. This review aims to examine the evidence-based ethnopharmacological uses of L. nepetifolia in the treatment of bronchial asthma, diarrhea, skin diseases, malaria, burns, cancer, diabetes mellitus, and rheumatism. However, although L. nepetifolia has great potential to treat these diseases, further isolation and identification of its therapeutic phytochemical constituents are required. In addition, the performance of its extracts and phytochemicals should be thoroughly tested in preclinical and clinical trials in order to ascertain their safety and efficacy, which will prove valuable in developing new medicines.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2023

A phytochemical investigation of the fruits extract of Melia toosendan afforded the isolation of two new nor-neolignans, meliasendanins E (1) and F (2), as well as twelve known compounds (3 - 14) using various separation technique such as Diaion HP20, silica, RP-18 gel column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive NMR spectroscopic data including 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS as well as ECD data. Among the twelve known compounds, the absolute structures of 3 - 6 were determined first, and given the trivial names as meliasendanins G-J (3 - 6). Based on the evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity, compounds 7 - 8 exhibited inhibitory effects on LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC₅₀ values of 34.6 and 39.5 µM, respectively.

• 분석과학
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2007

A new method for the simultaneous determination of low molecular weight amines and quaternary ammonium ions based on the separation by IC with a suppressor and the detection by MS with ESI has been developed. The method has been applied to the analysis of a mixture containing tetramethylammonium ion, tetraethylammonium ion, tetrapropylammonium ion, triethanolamine, trimethylamine and triethylamine. The constituents were separated by isocratic elution using an IonPac CS17 column, a cation-exchange column, and detected by conductivity and mass spectrometry. The newly developed method for the six components demonstrated that the repeatability in terms of relative standard deviation for three measurements was in the range of 0.1-0.5 %. The detection limits were between 0.2 and $0.9{\mu}g/mL$ by the IC/ESI-MS.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.103-103
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• 2022

Ganghwaljetongyeum (GHJTY) is a complex herbal decoction comprising 18 plants; it is used to treat arthritis. In order to develop a new anti-arthritic herbal medication, we selected 5 out of 18 GHJTY plants by using bioinformatics analysis. The new medication, called ChondroT, comprised water extracts of Osterici Radix, Lonicerae Folium, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Clematidis Radix, and Phellodendri Cortex. This study was designed to investigate its chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects to develop an anti-arthritic herb medicine. ChondroT was validated using a convenient and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography. photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) detection method for simultaneous determination of its seven reference components. The concentrations of the seven marker constituents were in the range of 0.81-5.46 mg/g. The chondroprotective effects were evaluated based on SW1353 chondrocytes and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) expression. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects of ChondroT were studied by Western blotting of pro-inflammatory enzymes and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. ChondroT enhanced the growth of SW1353 chondrocytes and also significantly inhibited IL-1β-induced MMP-1 expression. However, ChondroT did not show any effects on the growth of HeLa and RAW264.7 cells. The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells, which was significantly decreased by pre-treatment with ChondroT. In addition, ChondroT reduced the activation of NF-κB and production of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2, and nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. These results show that ChondroT exerted a chondroprotective effect and demonstrated multi-target mechanisms related to inflammation and arthritis. In addition, the suppressive effect was greater than that exhibited by GHJTY, suggesting that ChondroT, a new complex herbal medication, has therapeutic potential for the treatment of arthritis.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제75권2호
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• pp.193-209
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• 2020

This paper presents a new hyperbolic shear deformation plate theory including the stretching effect for free vibration of the simply supported functionally graded plates in thermal environments. The theory accounts for parabolic distribution of the transverse shear strains and satisfies the zero traction boundary conditions on the surfaces of the plate without using shear correction factors. This theory has only five unknowns, which is even less than the other shear and normal deformation theories. The present one has a new displacement field which introduces undetermined integral variables. Material properties are assumed to be temperature-dependent, and graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume power laws of the constituents. The equation of motion of the vibrated plate obtained via the classical Hamilton's principle and solved using Navier's steps. The accuracy of the proposed solution is checked by comparing the present results with those available in existing literature. The effects of the temperature field, volume fraction index of functionally graded material, side-to-thickness ratio on free vibration responses of the functionally graded plates are investigated. It can be concluded that the present theory is not only accurate but also simple in predicting the natural frequencies of functionally graded plates with stretching effect in thermal environments.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.397-402
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• 1989

Methylobacterium organophilum 이 탄소원과 에너지원으로서 메탄올로부터 생성하는 새로운 다당류계 생물고분자의 화학적 성질과 물성학적 성질을 관찰하였다. 분리정제한 다당류의 분자량은 약 4-5$\times$$10^6$ dalton 정도로 고분자량을 지니고 있다. 다당류의 화학적 조성은 건조중량의 66%가 탄수화물로 구성되어 있으며 이들의 88%가 환원당으로 구성되어 있다. 특이하게 본 고분자는 건조중량의 4.7%가 단백질로 구성되어 있다. 다당류는 glucose, galactose, 그리고 mannose을 몰비로 2:3:2 함유하고 있으며 탄수화물 이외에도 pyruvic acid, uronic acid, acetic acid 등을 함유하고 있다. 정제된 다당류를 증류수에 용해시켜 농도별로 점도를 측정한 결과 비뉴톤성 성질 중 pseudoplastic 성질을 보였으며 농도가 증가함에 따라서 겉보기점도 증가가 월등히 높았다. 동일한 1% 용액의 경우 K(consistency index)값을 비교하면 xanthan gum에 비해 약 10배정도 높은 18,000 cp 값을 나타내었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.799-804
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• 2006

Ingestion of green tea has been shown to decrease prostaglandin $E_2$ levels in human colorectum, suggesting that tea constituents modulate arachidonic acid metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the effects of four purified green tea catechins, (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), on the catalytic activity of cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$ ($cPLA_2$) and release of arachidonic acid and its metabolites from intact cells. At $50\;{\mu}M$, EGCG and ECG inhibited $cPLA_2$ activity by 19 and 37%, respectively, whereas EC and EGC were less effective. The inhibitory effects of these catechins on arachidonic acid metabolism in intact cells were much more pronounced. At $10\;{\mu}M$, EGCG and ECG inhibited the release of arachidonic acid and its metabolites by 50-70% in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29) and human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells (KYSE-190 and 450). EGCG and ECG also inhibited arachidonic acid release induced by A23187, a calcium ionophore, in both HT-29 and KYSE-450 cell lines by 30-50%. The inhibitory effects of green tea catechins on $cPLA_2$ and arachidonic acid release may provide a possible mechanism for the prevention of human gastrointestinal inflammation and cancers.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.199.1-199.1
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• 2010

Use of recycled aggregates that are constituents of concrete or asphalt-based structures has become popular because the recycling is an eco-friendly way to overcome the depletion of natural aggregates. In order to adopt the recycled aggregates for backfilling a power transmission pipeline trench, their thermal resistivity should be low enough to prevent thermal runaway in the transmission system. In this study, a series of laboratory tests with QTM-500 and KD2 Pro was performed to measure the thermal resistivity of recycled aggregates prepared from various sources. Relationships between the thermal resistivity of recycled aggregates and the water content have been obtained with consideration of compaction effort. Similar to natural soils, the thermal resistivity of the recycled aggregates decreases with increasing the water content. In addition, this study compared the experimental data with conventional prediction models for the thermal resistivity in the literature, which suggests the availability of the recycled aggregates as backfill material substituting for natural aggregates when backfilling the power transmission pipeline trench.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.109-122
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• 2018

In This work an analysis of the propagation of waves of functionally graduated plates is presented by using a high order hyperbolic (HSDT) shear deformation theory. This theory has only four variables, which is less than the theory of first order shear deformation (FSDT). Therefore, a shear correction coefficient is not required. Unlike other conventional shear deformation theories, the present work includes a new field of displacement which introduces indeterminate integral variables. The properties of materials are supposed classified in the direction of the thickness according to two simple distributions of a power law in terms of volume fractions of constituents. The governing equations of the wave propagation in the functionally graded plate are derived by employing the Hamilton's principle. The analytical dispersion relation of the functionally graded plate is obtained by solving an eigenvalue problem. The convergence and the validation of the proposed theoretical numerical model are performed to demonstrate the efficacy of the model.