• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.503-517
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to verfify a more effecive techique for calculating geothermal gradient. this study examines 370 data of temperature-logging having been collected since 1985. The daya are divided into three different grades grades according to the type of temperature-depth plots: 204 data show typical linear gradient (Grade A); 126 data do not explicitily show the gradient becase of various external effects such as water flow (Grade B); and the rest 40 data do not show the gradient at all (Grade D). The new technique for calculating geothermal gradient is to be required to use Greade-B data more effctiviely. This new technique includes (1) calculating the independer depth of atmospheric temperature in the earth; (2) drawing a distribution map of subsurface tempurature by using the distribution map of subsurface temperature by using Grade-A data at the independent depth; and (3) recalculating geothermal gradient of Grade-B data by using the distrbution map of subsurface temperature, borehole depth, and bottom temperature of Grade-B data by using the distribution map of subsurface temperature, borehole depth, and bottom temperature of Grade-B data. As a result, 330 data-both Grade-A and Grade-B data--can be used to draw a distribution map of hot spradient. The map clearly distinguishes anomaly areas, and helps interpret their relations to the distribution of hot springs, geology, geological structures, and geophysical anomaly areas. These new results reveal that the average of geothermal in south Korea is 25.6$^{\circ}C$/km, when calculated to the Kriging method.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.385-394
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• 2019

The analysis of temperature behavior of a hydrogen tank during refueling is of significance to clarify the safety of the compressed hydrogen storage in vehicles since the temperature at a tank rises with inflow of hydrogen. A mass balance and an energy balance were combined to obtain analytical model for temperature change during the hydrogen refueling. The equation was coupled to Peng-Robinson-Gasem (PRG) equation of state (EOS) for hydrogen. The PRG EOS was adopted after comparison with other four different cubic EOSs. A parameter of the model was determined to fit data from experiments of various inlet flow rates and temperatures. The temperature and pressure change with refueling time were obtained by the developed model. The calculation results revealed that the extent of precooling was more effective than the flow rate control.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.21-26
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• 2007

This paper presents an impedance-based structural health monitoring (SHM) technique considering temperature effects. The temperature variation results in a significant impedance variation, particularly both horizontal and vertical shifts in the frequency domain, which may lead to erroneous diagnostic results of real structures. A new damage detection strategy has been proposed based on the correlation coefficient (CC) between the reference impedance data and a concurrent impedance data with an effective frequency shift which is defined as the shift causing the maximum correlation. The proposed technique was applied to a lab-sized steel truss bridge member under the temperature varying environment. From an experimental study, it has been demonstrated that a narrow cut inflicted artificially to the steel structure was successfully detected using the proposed SHM strategy.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.310-318
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• 1995

In this study, indoor thermal parameters were measured to investigate the characteristics of thermal environments and 138 occupants were questioned to evaluate Korean thermal comfort in office building in winter. Thermal sensation was estimated by using PMV(Predicted Mean Vote) and ET*(New Effective Temperature) indices. Comparing present experimental result with international standards and that of other research, Korean thermal responses were discussed. Seasonal difference between summer and winter was also discussed. It was found that TSV(Thermal Sensation Vote) is more sensitive than PMV to the variation of temperature and that the measured percentage of dissatisfied is higher than PPD(Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied) in real office building environments. By regression analysis, the following regression equation has been obtained; TSV=0.432ET*-8.814 and neutral temperature is $20.4^{\circ}C$ in this case. Thermal comfort range based on 80% satisfaction is also $19.4{\sim}22.4^{\circ}C$.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 1999

Paddy rice is semi-tropical crop and requires warmirrigation water. If mean water temperature at the water source during the growing period is below 18$^{\circ}C$, sime kinds of water warming mechanism should be taken. In this study irrigation water temperature is measured and preventive measures to cold water damage on paddy rice are suggested. Field observations were performed at 100ha field area downtream of the Unmoon reservoir during the growing season of 1997. Land use, canal system, water temperature at irrigation canals. reservoir, and paddy fields were observed. In addition, growth and yield of the rice at selected plots were observed. Accordingly to the record, cold water damage occurred in this area due to the cold irrigation water supply in 1996. It did not occur because of the effective irrigation water management practice in 1997. However, several preventive measures such as pontoon intake system, using existing weir and construting a new warming pond, are suggested to prevent cold water damage in the future. If a new warming pond is construted to raise irrigation water temperature by 2 $^{\circ}C$, a pond area of 2.94 ha is required.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.46.1-46.1
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• 2010

Surface passivation of crystalline silicon(c-Si) surface with a-Si:H thin films has been investigated by using quasi-steady-state photo conductance(QSSPC) measurements. Analyzing the influence of a-Si:H film thickness, process gas ratio, deposition temperature and post annealing temperature on the passivation properties of c-Si, we optimized the passivation conditions at the substrate temperature of $200-250^{\circ}C$. Best surface passivation has been obtained by post-deposition annealing of a-Si:H film layer. Post annealing around the deposition temperature was sufficient to improve the surface passivation for silicon substrates. We obtained effective carrier lifetimes above 5.5 ms on average.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.13-19
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• 2007

To find out the optimum design of hydrogen storage and supply tank using Metal Hydride (briefly MH) and to make clear the performance characteristics under various conditions are our research purpose. In order to use the low-temperature exhaust heat, $LaNi_{4.7}Al_{0.3}$ which operates under the low pressure of 1 MPa is chosen, and we measure the basic properties, namely density, specific heat, PCT(Pressure-Concentration-Temperature) characteristics, and effective thermal conductivity. Then, a numerical calculation model of hydrogen storage using MH alloy is suggested and this thermal diffusion equation of model is solved by the backward difference method. This calculation results are compared with the experimental results of the systems which installed 1kg MH alloy and, it is found out that our calculation model can well predict the experimental results. By the experimental using MH alloy, it is recognized that the hydrogen flow rate can control by the step adjustment of brine temperature.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.35-47
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• 2010

Objectives : To characterize the thermal properties of traditional warm needle and new warm needle with various air flows as an important environmental factor and to suggest the necessity of maintaining suitable environment of clinics to maximize their efficacy. Methods : We measured the temperature characteristics of traditional moxa warm needle and new moxa charcoal warm needle by applying an automatic temperature acquisition system with thermocouples while external various air flows were supplied. Temperatures of two positions at the needle body were measured while a moxa cone burned. Typical temperature characteristics like peak temperature, duration, curve shape and the efficiency of the heat stimuli by heat amount analysis were executed. Results : Both warm needles showed similar temperature curve with an increase in the air flow. Peak temperature and duration of effective heat decreased with the air flow, as shown in indirect moxibustion on garlic. The temperature change pattern by the air flow became more apparent when the total combustion heat was compared with the effective heat. The values from two positions on the needle body were significantly different, showing a distance dependency from the heat source of warm needle acupuncture. Conclusions : Thermal properties of warm needle acupuncture was observed variously with surrounding air flow of 0.0 - 0.7 m/s. It emphasized the importance of environmental control as well as the warm needle itself such as heat source and needle. The latter has already been known to deliver designated heat to subjects. It also indicated the importance of education and skill of the practitioners of warm needle acupuncture.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 1996

We present a new physically based analytical equation for electron effective mobility in MOS inversion layers. The new semi-empirical model is accounting expicitly for surface roughness scattering and screened Coulomb scattering in addition to phonon scattering. This model shows excellent agreement with experimentally measured effective mobility data from three different published sources for a wide range of effective transverse field, channel doping and temperature. By accounting for screened Coulomb scattering due to doping impurities in the channel, our model describes very well the roll-off of effective mobility in the low field (threshold) region for a wide range of channel doping level (Na=3.0*10$^{14}$ - 2.8*10$^{18}$ cm$^{-3}$ ).

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.86-89
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• 2013

This paper shows a new effective approach to measure crystallization temperature of soft magnetic underlayer (SUL) for next generation of heat assisted perpendicular recording media. This approach uses temperature dependent reflectivity, which shows a clear jump when samples are crystallized. To achieve this measurement, an optical system is set up using hot plate and infrared laser. Reflectivity of SUL $(Co_{70}Fe_{30})_{92}Ta_3Zr_5$ shows a clear jump at its amorphous-crystalline transition temperature. Experiment results show this effect is clear in infrared region, and is weak for visible light.