• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.56-65
• /
• 1998

Clinicians can use therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM) to optimise dosage decisions with psychotropic drugs, in order to maximize efficacy and prevent toxicity, especially when individuals are nonresponsive to treatment or vulnerable to adverse reactions with standard doses because age, disease states or drug interactions. Currently, therapeutic drug concentrations have been established for the TCA and lithium. There is also evidence for the usefulness of TDM with carbamazepine, valproic acid and some antipsychotic drugs. However for most psychotropic drugs this approach remains experimental. TDM-assisted psychiatric treatment is potentially useful and cost effective, particularly when applied by psychiatrists who are knowledgeable of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.185-196
• /
• 2007

Objective : This experimental Study was designed to investigate the effects of FOENICULI FRUCTUS(FF) on the change of inhibition lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity in neuronal cells and cytokines production in serum of cerebral ischemic rats. Method : FOENICULI FRUCTUS(FF)freeze dry powder and FF on the LDH activity in neuronal cells. Changes of FF on the physiological parameters(PaO2, PaCO2, MABP and HR) in crerbral ischemic rats. Effects of FF on the IL-1beta production, $TNF-{\alpha}$ production, $TGF-{\beta}$ production, and IL-10 in serum of cerebral ischemic rats. MCAO :. cytokines production of serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood after MCAO 1 hr. Reperfusion : cytokines production of serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood after reperfusion 1 hr. Results and Conclusion : 1. FF did not inhibit lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity in neuronal cells. 2. In serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood after middle cerebral arterial occlusion(MCAO) 1 hr and reperfusion 1 hr, sample group was significantly decreased $IL-l{\beta}$ production compared with control group 3. In serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood after MCAO 1 hr and reperfusion 1 hr, sample group was significantly decreased $TNF-{\alpha}$ production compared with control group. 4. In serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood after MCAO 1 hr and reperfusion 1 hr, sample group was significantly increased $TGF-{\beta}$ production compared with control group. 5. In serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood after reperfusion 1 hr, sample group was significantly increased IL-10 production compared with control group. This results were suggested that FF had inhibitive effect on the brain damage by inhibited LDH activity, $IL-l{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$production, but accelerated $TGF-{\beta}$ production and IL-10 production.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.141-147
• /
• 2003

Objectives : The symptom of torticollis caused by abnormal contraction in cervical muscles, is easily found among those who get much stress physically and mentally in modern society. Due to this disease, the patients suffer not only from psychologic distress for appearance but also from functional disorder. Therefore, this case is to look for the effective treatment and understandings on the spasmodic torticollis. Methods : Herb medicine is used Guibi-tang(歸脾湯), Heosu-san(回首散), Hyangso-san(香蘇散) and Samul-tang(四物湯). Manipulation therapy is used stretching and meassage technique on cervical muscles. Self exercise of cervical and lumbosacral muscles, physical therapy with ultra sound carried out. Result and Conclusion : Acquired spasmodic torticollis effectively is treated with herb medicine, manipulation, exercise and physical therapy.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.401-408
• /
• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to obtain the differential variable and learning effect of the serial position effect, targeting individuals aged 60 years and over. A total of 89 individuals were categorized into the following groups: Alzheimer's group, vascular dementia group, elderly depression group, and normal group. Methods: Considering the size of the groups used for comparison, of the total 89 participants, 28 were in the Alzheimer's group, 24 in the vascular dementia group, 16 in the elderly depression group, and 21 were randomly chosen for the normal group. In the CERAD-K word list memory test, 10 words were shown to the subjects. We then asked them to freely recall the words. After changing the order of the words three times, the same process was followed. Results: First, a significant difference was observed among the groups in terms of word recalling rate. The analysis conducted afterward showed that, as predicted, the depressed group showed significantly better performance in recalling the words. Second, the vascular dementia patients and the Alzheimer's patients showed, as predicted, better recall of the largest recency region of words shown. Third, the normal group and the elderly depressed group showed a high-performance rate, proving that the reiterative method can contribute to the recalling process. Thus, we demonstrated that the Alzheimer's group showed the deterioration of short memory recalling skills and the elderly depressed showed deteriorated output performance skill.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.109-119
• /
• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study is to review the significance of managing "Mibyeong" in geriatric health in Korean medicine and psychology. Methods: We performed a literature search using OASIS, Koreantk, RISS, DBpia, and PubMed databases. We retrieved research articles using the keywords related to mibyeong (未病), sub-health (亞健康), Korean-medicine, psychology and geriatric health. Results: Both Korean medicine and psychology emphasize biological, psychological, and social balance and well-being. In addition, both value individual personality and constitution. Mibyeong is a Korean medical concept suggesting sub-health. Elderly individuals who are in a state of Mibyeong are frail and vulnerable to disorders and illness. Since depression, chronic diseases, low physical and mental activity have fatal outcomes in frail and elderly subjects, positive psychological support and active management of Mibyeong are very important. Conclusions: Geriatric health conditions are associated with chronic disease and multiple risk factors, including physiological, psychological, social, and economic conditions. A preventive and integrative approach is essential for geriatric health as prevention is better than cure for most geriatric diseases and illnesses.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.50-60
• /
• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the treatment methods of chronic pelvic pain, which have no definite treatment methods, and to provide basic data on clinical trials and clinical practical guideline in Korean Medicine related to chronic pelvic pain. Methods: The key words such as 'pelvic pain', 'pelycalgia' are used for the research through 'OASIS, KTKP, RISS, DBpia, KISS'. Total 6 studies were analyzed. Results: 6 studies were chronic pelvic pain case reports. Case reports 6 studies covered a total of 11 cases. Of these, 4 cases related to adenomyosis, 3 cases of endometriosis, and 2 cases of ovarian cyst. However, there were many cases in which the causative disease was not clear. In addition, the majority of the studies reported on the progress of hospitalization, and all studies used herbal medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion. The duration of treatment ranged from 5 to 30 days for hospitalization and 5 months for outpatient treatment. The most commonly used meridian is Conception Vessel (任脈), and SP6 (三陰交) was the most frequently used acupuncture treatment. The herbal medicine Banchong-san (蟠蔥散) was generally prescribed. Conclusions: The effect on treatment of Korean Medicine for chronic pelvic pain had mostly positive results. However, the number of searched studies, which are insufficient for design or analysis of study, is very limited. We hope that this study will be useful for further clinical studies of chronic pelvic pain.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.1-33
• /
• 1992

In order to observe clinical effect of Gamikeguntang(加味柱芎湯) and Gamikuyibitang(加味歸脾湯), I reached following conclusion through the clinical pathology and physicohemical investigation, The following results were obtained. 1) The amplirude on AVL lead which is observed in ECG was increased significantly both in medication group of Gamikegungtang (加味柱芎湯) and of Gamikegungtang(加味歸脾湯). 2) In Hematology, the values of RBC, Hb and Hct are totally increased in the medication group of Gamikuyibitang(加味歸脾湯). 3) In serum Lipid, Total cholesterol and Tryglyceride are significantly decreased and HDL-cholesteral is significantly increased both in medication group of Gamikegungtang(加味柱芎湯) and Gamikuyibitang(加味歸脾湯). Especiay, HDL-cholesterol is remarkably increased in the medication group of Gamikegungtang(加味柱芎湯). 4) The serum Bile acid is remarkably decreased in the medication group of Gamikegungtang(加味柱芎湯), but is not in the medication group of Gamikuyibitang(加味歸脾湯). 5) The value of Cardiac enzyme is remarkably decreased both in the medication group of Gamikegungtang(加味柱芎湯) and Gamikuyibitnag(加味歸脾湯). especially, in the group of Gamikuybitang(加味歸脾湯). 6) In determination of LDH isoenzyme, $LD_4$ is remarkably decreased in the medication group of Gamikegungtang(加味柱芎湯) and $LD_1\;LD_2$ are remarkably decreased in the medication group of Gamikuyibitang(加味歸脾湯). In view of the result so far achieved, I knew that Gamikegungtang(加味柱芎湯) had an indirect effect on Palpitation which is called mental disorder by means of treatment of liver and gall bladder disease, and that Gamiluyibitang(加味歸脾湯) make increase activation of heart whose blood is deficient( 心血不足). In conclusion, I think that we need comparative studies between the main prescription of Kegungtang(柱芎湯). Kuyibitnag(歸脾湯) and the additional prescription of them from now on.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.25-37
• /
• 2021

Objectives: Depression is a mood disorder showing low energy, loss of interest, anhedonia, and anxiety. It affects a patients' daily life. This disease is considered a social problem because the patient may commit suicide in extreme cases. JSB is composed of 12 Korean medicinal herbs. It has been prescribed to patients with depression. The objective of this study is to investigate anti-depressive effects of JSB on restraint stress-induced depression in a mouse model. Methods: Depression was induced by restraint stress. Mice were orally administered JSB at 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg for 14 days. Forced swimming test (FST) and open field test (OFT) were performed. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA level was measured by real time-PCR. Plasma levels of corticosterone and serotonin were measured by ELISA. Blood levels of AST and ALS were measured using a biochemical analyzer. Results: JSB treatment significantly reduced the immobility time in FST. BDNF mRNA level was increased by JSB treatment in the hippocampi of mice. Although the expression of TNF-α was also increased by JSB, such increase was not statistically significant. The increase of corticosterone level in plasma induced by restraint stress was significantly down-regulated by JSB. JSB reduced blood level of AST, but not ALT. Conclusions: JSB has a potential to manage depression, setting a foundation for clinical application of Korean medicine with safety.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.389-400
• /
• 2022

Objectives: Depression is a highly prevalent disease, and the market for antidepressant drugs continues to grow at a steady rate. Although current antidepressants are reported to be effective, because of their low remission rate and side effects, new antidepressants are needed. The use of Banhahubak-tang (BHT) to treat the symptoms of depression is supported by experimental evidence. The proposed study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of BHT in treating depression. Methods: A randomized, waitlist-controlled, parallel clinical trial will be conducted to assess the efficacy of BHT in depression. A total of 84 participants with depression will be randomized into the intervention group or waitlist-control group at a 1:1 ratio. Patients in the intervention group will be administered BHT three times a day for four weeks and followed up for four more weeks after therapy completion. Patients in the waitlist-control group will undergo the same intervention and follow-up after a four-week waiting period. The primary outcome is change in the Korean version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (K-HDRS) scores for major depressive disorders after four weeks. The secondary outcomes include scores on the K-HDRS, Korean Symptom Check List 95 (KSCL-95), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Korean version (STAI-K), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-Korean version (STAXI-K), and the Instrument on Pattern Identifications for Depression and EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D). Conclusions: This trial will provide high-quality clinical evidence of the efficacy and safety of BHT in the management of depression.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.43-55
• /
• 2020

Objectives : The general and specific characteristics inherited in Korean traditional medicine research is to be identified and on the basis of this, the role of researchers, research institutes and government organizations is to be presented. Method : Analysis data targeted 399 cases of traditional medicine researches out of 696 cases, excluding overlapped 297 cases, that are relevanttokey-words, 'Oriental Medicine' and 'Herbal Prescription' registered in the National Institutes of Health Clinical Research Information Service(CRIS) as of 31 December, 2019. Including the regulation of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, research fund supporting, type of mediation, targeting disease and so forth, frequency analysis was carried out in order to confirm the general and specific characteristics of traditional medicine. Results : As a result of analyzing the data, researches of medicines(herbal medicines) and mediation(acupuncture, moxibustion) and were identified as the most and in the case of the targeting disease, it appeared in the order of targeting the research on musculoskeletal system and the healthy person.