• Title/Summary/Keyword: Neuropsychiatric diseases

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A Systematic Review on the Mental Health Status of Patients Infected With Monkeypox Virus

  • Anila Jaleel;Ghulam Farid;Haleema Irfan;Khalid Mahmood;Saeeda Baig
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.107-118
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    • 2024
  • Objectives: This study aims to extract and summarize the literature on the mental health status of patients with monkeypox. Methods: This review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using different databases and publishers such as Scopus, Sage, ScienceDirect, PubMed, BMJ, Wiley Online Library, Wolters Kluwer OVID-SP, and Google Scholar. The literature review was based on monkeypox and mental health. The year of publication was 2021-2023, during the monkeypox disease period. Data were extracted from opinions, editorials, empirical studies, and surveys. Results: Based on the literature related to the mental status of patients with monkeypox, the following themes and subthemes were identified: anxiety and depression, self-harm and suicidal tendencies, neuropsychiatric symptoms, mental health, social stigma, sex workers, vaccination, and stress-related diseases. Conclusion: A review of monkeypox virus infection studies reveals that 25%-50% of patients experience anxiety and depression due to isolation, boredom, and loneliness. Factors such as infected people, a lack of competence among healthcare professionals, and shame over physical symptoms exacerbate mental insults. The implications of society include increased self-harm, suicide, low productivity, fear of stigmatization, and transmission of infection.

Molecular Cloning and Phylogeny of the Human Endogenous Retrovirus HERV-W LTR Family in cDNA Library of Human Fetal Brain (인간 태아의 뇌로부터 만들어진 cDNA library에서 내생 레트로바이러스 HERV-W LTR의 클로닝 및 분자계통분류)

  • 이주민;허재원;신경미;이지원;이영춘;백인호;장경립;김희수
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.379-384
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    • 2001
  • Long terminal repeats(LTRs) of the human endogenous retrovirus(HERV) heve been found to be coexpresed with genes located nearby. It has been suggested that the LTR elements have contributed to the genetic variation of human genome connected to various diseases. Recently, HERV-W family was identified in the cerebrospinal fluids and brains of individuals with schizophrenia. Using cHNA library derived from human fetal brain, we performed PCR amplification and identified seven new HERV-W LTR elements. Those LTR elements showed a high degree of sequence similarity(98∼99%) with HERV-W (AF072500). A phylogentic tree obtained by the neighbor-joining method revealed that seven new HERV-W LTR elements(FB-1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12) were closely related to the AX000960, AF072504, and AF072506 from Gen Bank database. Our data suggest that several copy numbers of the HERV-W LTR elements are expressed in human feta brain and may contribute to an understanding of biological function connected to neuropsychiatric diseases.

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Implications of Circadian Rhythm in Dopamine and Mood Regulation

  • Kim, Jeongah;Jang, Sangwon;Choe, Han Kyoung;Chung, Sooyoung;Son, Gi Hoon;Kim, Kyungjin
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • v.40 no.7
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    • pp.450-456
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    • 2017
  • Mammalian physiology and behavior are regulated by an internal time-keeping system, referred to as circadian rhythm. The circadian timing system has a hierarchical organization composed of the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and local clocks in extra-SCN brain regions and peripheral organs. The circadian clock molecular mechanism involves a network of transcription-translation feedback loops. In addition to the clinical association between circadian rhythm disruption and mood disorders, recent studies have suggested a molecular link between mood regulation and circadian rhythm. Specifically, genetic deletion of the circadian nuclear receptor Rev-$erb{\alpha}$ induces mania-like behavior caused by increased midbrain dopaminergic (DAergic) tone at dusk. The association between circadian rhythm and emotion-related behaviors can be applied to pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson's disease (PD), DAergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta progressively degenerate leading to motor dysfunction. Patients with PD also exhibit non-motor symptoms, including sleep disorder and neuropsychiatric disorders. Thus, it is important to understand the mechanisms that link the molecular circadian clock and brain machinery in the regulation of emotional behaviors and related midbrain DAergic neuronal circuits in healthy and pathological states. This review summarizes the current literature regarding the association between circadian rhythm and mood regulation from a chronobiological perspective, and may provide insight into therapeutic approaches to target psychiatric symptoms in neurodegenerative diseases involving circadian rhythm dysfunction.

A Study on the Disease induced by Emotional Problem and the Psychotherapeutic Medical Records in Mingyi-leian (Classified Medical Records of Famous Doctors) (<명의류안(名醫類案)>에 나타난 감정으로 유발된 질환 및 심리치료 의안(醫案)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Sung-Wook;Han, Yoon-Seoung;Kim, Geun-Woo;Koo, Byung-Soo;Kim, Joo-Ho
    • Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.17-35
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    • 2006
  • Objects : In the present study, we translated Mingyi-leian into modern Korean, and studied the medical records about the disease induced by emotional problem and the psychotherapy in Mingyi-leian for find the possibility of application that established researches did not studied. Methods : It was 197 cases that related to psychotherapy and emotional problem called Seven Passions(七情). We studied these records by statistical methods. Results : The anger(怒) was the most numerous cause into classified to Seven Passions in 197 cases. In the order of frequency of emotional causes, it was worry(憂), surprise(驚), lust(思), fear(恐), sorrow(悲), joy(喜) that classified into Seven Passions. The most disease induced by emotional problem was internal trauma(內傷), 11 cases. There was very numerous diseases induced by emotional problem except internal trauma. In ratio of the sexes, it was 104 cases in female and 93 cases in male from 197 cases. But the number of all case records about male were more than about female in Mingyi-leian, so female ratio was two times to male ratio. Specially, the percentage of cases about disease due to anger high in female. In ratio of the Seven Passions, the anger was most frequent cause of diseases due to emotional problem in 197 cases, and mostly caused bleeder's diseases. In oral medical treatments, various prescriptions were used. On the whole, the ratio of prescriptions about venting grudges(解鬱) records are mostly application of compatibility and incompatibility with the and warmly strengthening(溫補) were high. Psychotherapeutic medical Five Elements(五行) relation. But it also has psychotherapeutic medical record made by detailed and correct analysis can equal to modern psychotherapy, it is worth refer to clinic. Conclusions : Mingyi-leian and its medical records about the disease induced by emotional problem and the psychotherapeutic records have sufficient meaning to not only modern neuropsychiatric physicians but also physicians of all medical fields to treat disease of this kind.

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Development of Contents for KFDA Drug Safety Information Website (식품의약품안전청의 의약품안전사용정보방 웹사이트 구축을 위한 컨텐츠 개발)

  • Ji, Eun-Hee;Park, Hyo-Yung;Noh, Hye-Jin;Lee, Dong-Eun;Han, Na-Young;Jeong, So-Hyun;Kim, In-Wha;Shin, Wan-Gyoon;Oh, Jung-Mi
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.56 no.3
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    • pp.204-209
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study was to construct database for a drug safety information website to serve as an access point of up-to-date resources for a wide variety of drug-safety information helping patients and healthcare professionals make well-informed decisions about medication use. All the contents developed were confirmed by the council of advisors who were the experts in drug safety. The detailed contents of database on frequently prescribed drug including 9 NSAIDs, 19 antibiotics, 24 cardiovascular, 21 metabolic, 14 respiratory, 20 digestive, 22 hormonal, 10 genitourinary, 10 anti-allergic, 27 antifungal/antiviral, and 71 neuropsychiatric agents were developed based on the approved drug labeling of the Korean FDA. A separately searchable database of drug-specific safety information for patients and health professionals was constructed for users in need of different depth of knowledge on using medications safely. The safety information on highly prevalent chronic diseases and drug classes was also developed. Finally the most recent global drug safety news was provided. The consumer directed information was developed in layman's terms as means of proving user-friendly information. The creation of this type of website is part of the Korean FDA's ongoing initiative to address and promote the safe use of medications for the public.

Clinical Study of Sogunjung-tang Granules in 30 Cases of Heartburm (가슴쓰림 환자 30례에 대한 소건중탕 과립제의 임상적 고찰)

  • Lee, Da-eun;Jang, Hye-yeon;Lee, Yu-lim;Lee, Young-su
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.40 no.6
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    • pp.1193-1201
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    • 2019
  • Objectives: This study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics of patients who complained of heartburn and to report the effects of Sogunjung-tang granules on heartburn. Methods: Observation was carried out on 30 patients with heartburn who were treated in Dongshin University Oriental Medicine Hospital from 1 October 2018 to 3 July 2019. For relieving heartburn, an oriental medical therapy of Sogunjung-tang granules was administered. To evaluate the effect of treatment, the visual analog scale (VAS) was used. Results: Females predominated among the patients (86.7% of the total). The patients were mostly aged in their 50s and the average age was 56.8 years. In the medical histories of the patients, other diseases (neuropsychiatric disease, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, urologic disease, uterine disease etc.) were the most common (34.7%) and gastrointestinal disease was the second most common (22.4%). The patients took Sosiho-tang granules plus Sogunjung-tang granules for a maximum of 282 days. The number of patients who took medication within 10 days of experiencing heartburn was the highest and the number of patients who took medication more than 30 days of experiencing heartburn was the lowest. The scores on the visual analog scale (VAS) were significantly improved after treatment, the average decreasing from 7.0 to 3.1. Before taking the granules, the average rate of improvement for patients who recorded less than VAS 6 was 80%. Six out of seven inpatients showed more than two VAS changes on 3.8 day of taking medicine, and 23 outpatients showed more than two VAS changes on the second visit. Conclusions: This study suggests that Sogunjung-tang granules is probably effective in the treatment of heartburn.

A Retrospective Analysis on Pregnant Patients Visiting Korean Gynecology Clinic of Korean Medicine Hospital (임신 중 일개 한방병원 한방부인과에 내원한 환자에 대한 후향적 분석)

  • Cho, Si-Yoon;Yoo, Jeong-Eun
    • The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.111-130
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    • 2021
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the current status of Korean medicine clinical practice for pregnant patients. Methods: The study is conducted by searching medical records of 209 pregnant patients using Korean Standard Classification of Diseases related pregnancy at the Korean Gynecology Clinic of traditional Korean medicine hospital from March 1, 2016 to February 28, 2021. We retrospectively investigated characteristics, symptoms, pregnancy outcomes of the patients and treatments for the patients. Results: The most frequent symptoms of pregnant patients were musculoskeletal symptoms (60.63%) followed by neuropsychiatric symptoms (14.55%) and genital symptoms (10.82%). The most common contributory factor of the symptoms was the motor vehicle accident (74.64%). Acupuncture (94.94%) and moxibustion (90.91%) were performed to most pregnant patients. Cupping (86.60%), herbal medicine (52.63%), Chuna therapy (30.62%), and pharmacopuncture (21.05%) were performed to the patients. Normal pregnancy maintenance and delivery were reported by 147 patients (91.30%). Premature birth was reported by 11 patients (6.83%), and miscarriage was reported by 3 patients (1.86%). Conclusions: Most patients were the patients with musculoskeletal symptoms injured by motor vehicle accidents. Various Korean medicine treatments were performed during pregnancy with safety outcomes. This study could be used as basic data to provide instructions for the development of traditional Korean medicine in the obstetric clinical fields.

Hepatic encephalopathy on magnetic resonance imaging and its uncertain differential diagnoses: a narrative review

  • Chun Geun Lim;Myong Hun Hahm;Hui Joong Lee
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.136-145
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    • 2023
  • Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe neuropsychiatric abnormality in patients with either acute or chronic liver failure. Typical brain magnetic resonance imaging findings of HE are bilateral basal ganglia high signal intensities due to manganese deposition in chronic liver disease and hyperintensity in T2, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, or diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with hemispheric white matter changes including the corticospinal tract. Low values on apparent diffusion coefficient mapping of the affected area on DWI, indicating cytotoxic edema, can be observed in acute HE. However, neuropsychological impairment in HE ranges from mild deficits in psychomotor abilities affecting quality of life to stupor or coma with higher grades of hepatic dysfunction. In particular, the long-lasting compensatory mechanisms for the altered metabolism in chronic liver disease make HE imaging results variable. Therefore, the clinical relevance of imaging findings is uncertain and differentiating HE from other metabolic diseases can be difficult. The recent introduction of concepts such as "acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF)," a new clinical entity, has led to a change in the clinical view of HE. Accordingly, there is a need to establish a corresponding concept in the field of neuroimaging diagnosis. Herein, we review HE from a historical and etiological perspective to increase understanding of brain imaging and help establish an imaging approach for advanced new concepts such as ACLF. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide an understanding of HE by reviewing neuroimaging findings based on pathological and clinical concepts of HE, thereby assisting in neuroimaging interpretation.

Current Status and Future Perspective of PET (PET 이용 현황 및 전망)

  • Lee, Myung-Chul
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2002
  • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine imaging modality that consists of systemic administration to a subject of a radiopharmaceutical labeled with a positron-emitting radionuclide. Following administration, its distribution in the organ or structure under study can be assessed as a function of time and space by (1) defecting the annihilation radiation resulting from the interaction of the positrons with matter, and (2) reconstructing the distribution of the radioactivity from a series of that used in computed tomography (CT). The nuclides most generally exhibit chemical properties that render them particularly desirable in physiological studies. The radionuclides most widely used in PET are F-18, C-11, O-15 and N-13. Regarding to the number of the current PET Centers worldwide (based on ICP data), more than 300 PET Centers were in operation in 2000. The use of PET technology grew rapidly compared to that in 1992 and 1996, particularly in the USA, which demonstrates a three-fold rise in PET installations. In 2001, 194 PET Centers were operating in the USA. In 1994, two clinical and research-oriented PET Centers at Seoul National University Hospital and Samsung Medical Center, was established as the first dedicated PET and Cyclotron machines in Korea, followed by two more PET facilities at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Ajou Medical Center, Yonsei University Medical Center, National Cancer Center and established their PET Center. Catholic Medical School and Pusan National University Hospital have finalized a plan to install PET machine in 2002, which results in total of nine PET Centers in Korea. Considering annual trends of PET application in four major PET centers in Korea in Asan Medical Center recent six years (from 1995 to 2000), a total of 11,564 patients have been studied every year and the number of PET studies has shown steep growth year upon year. We had 1,020 PET patients in 1995. This number increased to 1,196, 1,756, 2,379, 3,015 and 4,414 in 1996,1997,1998,1999 and 2000, respectively. The application in cardiac disorders is minimal, and among various neuropsychiatric diseases, patients with epilepsy or dementia can benefit from PET studios. Recently, we investigated brain mapping and neuroreceptor works. PET is not a key application for evaluation of the cardiac patients in Korea because of the relatively low incidence of cardiac disease and less costly procedures such as SPECT can now be performed. The changes in the application of PET studios indicate that, initially, brain PET occupied almost 60% in 1995, followed by a gradual decrease in brain application. However, overall PET use in the diagnosis and management of patients with cancer was up to 63% in 2000. The current medicare coverage policy in the USA is very important because reimbursement policy is critical for the promotion of PET. In May 1995, the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) began covering the PET perfusion study using Rubidium-82, evaluation of a solitary pulmonary nodule and pathologically proven non-small cell lung cancer. As of July 1999, Medicare's coverage policy expanded to include additional indications: evaluation of recurrent colorectal cancer with a rising CEA level, staging of lymphoma and detection of recurrent or metastatic melanoma. In December of 2001, National Coverage decided to expand Medicare reimbursement for broad use in 6 cancers: lung, colorecctal, lymphoma, melanoma, head and neck, and esophageal cancers; for determining revascularization in heart diseases; and for identifying epilepsy patients. In addition, PET coverage is expected to further expand to diseases affecting women, such as breast, ovarian, uterine and vaginal cancers as well as diseases like prostate cancer and Alzheimer's disease.

Evaluation of Drug Use Causing Delirium and Drowsiness in Elderly Patients of Korea (한국의 노인환자에 대한 섬망 및 졸음 유발 약물의 사용평가)

  • Cho, Ha-Na;Lee, Ok-Sang;Lim, Sung-Cil
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.30-40
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    • 2012
  • In Korea, elderly population aged 65 and older are about 5.0% and 10.7% in 1990 and 2009, respectively. Since elderly people may experience physiologic changes with aging and their pharmacodynamic and pharmcokinetic parameters also have been undergone changes, several adverse drug reactions can occur more frequently than young people. Especially, neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions such as delirium and drowsiness endanger elderly patients more. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outpatient prescriptions using drug causing delirium and drowsiness in elderly patients aged 65 and older. We retrospectively reviewed prescriptions for elderly patients collected from four community pharmacies from January 2nd to February 1st, 2010. One pharmacy was located closed to a general hospital, and others were located closed to a internal medicine or an ENT clinic. The each number of the collected prescriptions was followings; Group A (n=496) from internal medicine department of a general hospital; Group B (n=44) from ENT department of general hospital; Group C (n=144) from internal medicine clinic; Group D (n=110) from ENT clinic. In result, in Group A, the average number of prescribed drugs causing delirium or drowsiness per Rx was 2.38 In Group B, the average number of prescribed drugs causing delirium or drowsiness per Rx was 2.09 In Group C, the average number of prescribed drugs causing delirium or drowsiness per Rx was 2.51. In Group D, the average number of prescribed drugs causing delirium or drowsiness per Rx was 2.72. Especially, in Group D, the percentage of prescription that drugs causing delirium or drowsiness per Rx prescribed more than 3 is 52.73% In all the 4 groups, over the 60% of drugs causing delirium and/or drowsiness per prescription of elderly patients were prescribed. It means elderly patients take 2 drugs causing delirium and/or drowsiness among 3 drugs, which is very serious. Frequently prescribed drugs causing delirium and/or drowsiness were followings; GI agents, antitussives & expectorants, histamine H1 antagonist, analgesics, antibiotics. Among these drugs, GI agents was high raking in all the 4 groups, and pharmacists should caution elderly patients when counseling. In the internal medicine groups (Group A,C), drugs concerning chronic diseases were prescribed frequently. In conclusion, pharmacist's role is important. Pharmacists are well informed of the drugs causing delirium or drowsiness and it is important to explain about ADRs slowly and easily to the elderly patients that receive drugs causing delirium or drowsiness. And institutional device is needed. For example, when doctors prescribe drugs for the elderly patients, message is needed that supply some informations about drugs causing delirium or drowsiness.