• 제목/요약/키워드: Neurodegenerative Disease

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Green Tea Catechin Causes an Weight Loss in Transgenic Mice Over-expressing Carboxyl Terminus of Amyloid Precusor Protein

  • Lim Hwa-J.;Kim Yong-K.;Sheen Yhun-Y.
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.96-101
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    • 2006
  • Amyloid$\beta(A{\beta})$ has been reported have an effect on the induction of oxidative stress that involves the functional and structural abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease. As a role of a radical scavenger, a green tea treatment was found have some inhibitory effect on the neurodegenerative process. The aim of this study was to determine if green tea catechin (GTC) reduces in transgenic model. To test this, transgenic mice carrying neuronspecific enolase (NSE) controlled C-terminus (105) of APP (APP-C105) were created and treated them with a low ana high dose of GTC for 6 months. Herein, we conclude that transgenic mice expressing NSE/APP-C105 were successfully created and the GTC-treated group exhibited significant reduction in body weight. Thus, GTC might be a good prevention of obesity or good treatment for AD patient.

General Anesthesia in a Child with Possible Spinal Muscular Atrophy Combined with Gingival Hyperplasia -A Case Report - (치은비대를 동반한 척수성 근위축증 환자의 마취관리 -증례보고-)

  • Seo, Kwang-Suk;Park, Chang-Joo;Kim, Hyun-Jeong;Yum, Kwang-Won
    • Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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    • v.4 no.2 s.7
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    • pp.100-103
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    • 2004
  • Spinal muscular atrophies are inherited neurodegenerative disorders affecting anterior hem cells. There are various problems, especially weakness of respiratory muscle and abnormal reaction to muscle relaxants during the general anesthesia. And gingival hyperplasia can make the proper airway management difficult. Experience with anesthetic management in a patient with spinal muscular atrophy combined with gingival hyperplasia has been very rare. We report the anesthetic experience of a wheel-chair-bound child, who underwent gingivectomy under general anesthesia. The child was safely managed with fibroscopic nasotracheal intubation under sevoflurane without muscle relaxants. Also, there was no deterioration of her underlying neurologic conditions.

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Acrolein, A Reactive Product of Lipid Peroxidation, Induces Oxidative Modification of Cytochrome c

  • Kang, Jung Hoon
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.34 no.11
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    • pp.3295-3300
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    • 2013
  • Acrolein (ACR) is a well-known carbonyl toxin produced by lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In Alzheimer's brain, ACR was found to be elevated in hippocampus and temporal cortex where oxidative stress is high. In this study, we evaluated oxidative modification of cytochrome c occurring after incubation with ACR. When cytochrome c was incubated with ACR, protein aggregation increased in a dose-dependent manner. The formation of carbonyl compounds and the release of iron were obtained in ACR-treated cytochrome c. Reactive oxygen species scavengers and iron specific chelator inhibited the ACR-mediated cytochrome c modification and carbonyl compound formation. Our data demonstrate that oxidative damage of cytochrome c by ACR might induce disruption of cyotochrome c structure and iron mishandling as a contributing factor to the pathology of AD.

Antiapoptotic Fusion Protein Delivery Systems

  • Tan, Cheau Yih;Kim, Yong-Hee
    • Macromolecular Research
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.481-488
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    • 2008
  • Apoptosis is a natural cell suicide mechanism to maintain homeostasis. However, many of the diseases encountered today are caused by aberrant apoptosis where excessive apoptosis leads to neurodegenerative disorders, ischemic heart disease, autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, etc. A variety of antiapoptotic agents have been reported to interfere with the apoptosis pathway. These agents can be potential drug candidates for the treatment or prevention of diseases caused by dysregulated apoptosis. Obviously, world-wide pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are gearing up to develop antiapoptotic drugs with some products being commercially available. Polymeric drug delivery systems are essential to their success. Recent R&D efforts have focused on the chemical or bioconjugation of antiapoptotic proteins with the protein transduction domain (PTD) for higher cellular uptake with antibodies for specific targeting as well as with polymers to enhance the protein stability and prolonged effect with success observed both in vivo and in vitro. All these different fusion antiapoptotic proteins provide promising results for the treatment of dysregulated apoptosis diseases.

Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in Dopaminergic Neurons Induced by Oxidative Stress after Treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine is Linked to Activation of Both Caspase-8- and -9-mediated Apoptotic Pathways.

  • Park, Won-Seok;Eom, Dae-Seok;Han, Baek-S.;Oh, Young-J.
    • Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.108-111
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    • 2003
  • Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. While its precise etiology is unknown, such factors as oxidative stress, impairment of mitochondrial respiration, excitotoxicity and inflammation may play roles in its pathogenesis. Although the role of apoptosis in the process of dopaminergic neuronal death has been highlighted in studies using postmortem brains and experimental models of PD, other evidence implicates both apoptosis and non-apoptotic death in PD. (omitted)

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Anesthetic management in corticobasal degeneration with central sleep apnea: A case report

  • Shionoya, Yoshiki;Nakamura, Kiminari;Sunada, Katsuhisa
    • Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.235-238
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    • 2019
  • Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by dystonia, cognitive deficits, and an asymmetric akinetic-rigid syndrome. Little information is available regarding anesthetic management for CBD patients. Our patient was a 55-year-old man with CBD complicated by central sleep apnea (CSA). Due to the risk of perioperative breathing instability associated with anesthetic use, a laryngeal mask airway was used during anesthesia with propofol. Spontaneous respiration was stable under general anesthesia. However, respiratory depression occurred following surgery, necessitating insertion of a nasopharyngeal airway. Since no respiratory depression had occurred during maintenance of the airway using the laryngeal mask, we suspected an upper airway obstruction caused by displacement of the tongue due to residual propofol. Residual anesthetics may cause postoperative respiratory depression in patients with CBD. Therefore, continuous postoperative monitoring of $SpO_2$ and preparations to support postoperative ventilation are necessary.

Design and Synthesis of Chromenone derivatives as Potential Antioxidants

  • Kang, Hae-Eun;Lee, Kum-Ho;Lee, Dae-Hee;Cho , Jung-Sook;Lee, Hee-Soon
    • Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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    • 2002.10a
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    • pp.351.3-353
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    • 2002
  • Oxygen radicals are produced in many pathophysiologic states whether the event is a causal factor of illness or is a result of their progression. Oxygen radicals including superoxide anions. hydrogen peroxide are thought to be involved in a number of type of acute. and chronic pathologic condition in the brain and neural tissue. So the antioxidants have recently received much attention as therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. In this study. we describe synthesis of a series of chromenone derivatives as antioxidant agents. The target compounds are designed to include the structural frature of caffeic acid. flavoniod. and focopherol known as antioxidants.

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Rich Phase Separation Behavior of Biomolecules

  • Shin, Yongdae
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • v.45 no.1
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    • pp.6-15
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    • 2022
  • Phase separation is a thermodynamic process leading to the formation of compositionally distinct phases. For the past few years, numerous works have shown that biomolecular phase separation serves as biogenesis mechanisms of diverse intracellular condensates, and aberrant phase transitions are associated with disease states such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. Condensates exhibit rich phase behaviors including multiphase internal structuring, noise buffering, and compositional tunability. Recent studies have begun to uncover how a network of intermolecular interactions can give rise to various biophysical features of condensates. Here, we review phase behaviors of biomolecules, particularly with regard to regular solution models of binary and ternary mixtures. We discuss how these theoretical frameworks explain many aspects of the assembly, composition, and miscibility of diverse biomolecular phases, and highlight how a model-based approach can help elucidate the detailed thermodynamic principle for multicomponent intracellular phase separation.

Protective Effects of Rehmannia Glutinosa Extract and Rehmannia Glutinosa Vinegar against b-amyloid-induced Neuronal Cell Death (베타아밀로이드로 유도된 신경세포사멸에 대한 지황(地黃) 및 지황식초(地黃食醋)의 보호효과)

  • Song, Hyo-In;Kim, Kwang-Joong
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.190-198
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    • 2007
  • Alzheimer's disease, a representative neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles accompanied by neuronal damages. b-Amyloid peptide is considered to be responsible for the formation of senile plagues that accumulate in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. There has been compelling evidence supporting that b-amyloid-induced cytotoxicity is mediated through generation of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we have investigated the possible protective effect of Rehmannia glutihosaagainst b-amyloid-induced oxidative ceil death in cultured human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells treated with b-amyloid underwent apoptotic death as determined by morphological features and positive in situterminal end-labeling (TUNEL staining). Rehmannia glutinosawater extract, wine, and vinegar pretreatments attenuated b-amyloid-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Rehmannia glutinosa vinegar exhibited maximum protective effect by increasing the expression of anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2. in addition to oxidative stress, b-amyloid-treatment caused nitrosative stress via marked increase in the levels of nitric oxide, which was effectively blocked by Rehmannia glutinosa. To further explore the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effect of Rehmannia glutinosa, we assessed the mRNA expression of cellular antioxidant enzymes. Treatment of Rehmannia glutinosa vinegar led to up-regulation of heme oxygemase-1 and catalase. These results suggest that Rehmannia glutinosa could modulate oxidative neuronal cell death caused by b-amyloid and may have preventive or therapeutic potential in the management of Alzheimer's disease. Particularly, Rehmannia glutinosa vinegar can augment cellular antioxidant capacity, there by exhibiting higher neuroprotective potential.

Sarcopenia: Nutrition and Related Diseases

  • Du, Yang;No, Jae Kyung
    • Culinary science and hospitality research
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.66-78
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    • 2017
  • "Sarcopenia", sarcopenia is an old age syndrome, and used to describe the reduction of skeletal muscle. Initially, it was thought that sarcopenia was only a senile disease characterized by degeneration of muscle tissue. However, its cause is widely regarded as multifactorial, with neurological decline, hormonal changes, inflammatory pathway activation, declines in activity, chronic illness, fatty infiltration, and poor nutrition, all shown to be contributing factors. Skeletal muscle mass can be measured by a variety of methods, currently, the commonly used methods are dual-energy X-ray scanning (DXA), computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), etc. Muscular skeletal disorders can also be assessed by measuring appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM), particularly muscle tissue content. At the same time, sarcopenia refers to skeletal muscle cell denervation, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, hormone synthesis and secretion changes and a series of consequences caused by the above process and is a progressive loss of skeletal muscle syndrome, which can lead to the decrease of muscle strength, physical and functional disorders, and increase the risk of death. Sarcopenia is mainly associated with the aging process, but also related to other causes such as severe malnutrition, neurodegenerative diseases, and disuse and endocrine diseases associated with muscular dystrophy, and it is the comprehensive results of multi-factors, so it is difficult to define that sarcopenia is caused by a specific disease. With the aging problem of the population, the incidence of this disease is increasingly common, and seriously affects the quality of the life of the elderly. This paper reviews the etiology and pathogenesis of myopathy, screening methods and diagnosis, the influence of eating habits, etc, and hopes to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. At present, adequate nutrition and targeted exercise remain the gold standard for the therapy of sarcopenia.