• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.427-438
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to collect basic data the health care of postpartum women. Three hundred seventy five women who were 3 days postpartum were enrolled at two university hospitals. Data were collected from April 1999 to November, 1999 using a questionnaire titled 'Symptom Table on Fatigue Perception' designed by the Fatigue Research Committee of Japan. The collected data were scored by the use of mean and standard deviation according to the subjective symptoms of fatigue and each item was analyzed independent variable by the t-test and the ANOVA test. The results were as follows: 1. The average fatigue score of subjects was 1.61. Physical fatigue had the highest value with a mean of 1.82, followed by neuro-sensory fatigue with a mean score of 1.54, psychological fatigue was rated lowest with a mean of 1.45. 2. With the respect to the general characteristics of subjects, there were statistically significant differences in difficulty of labor (t=2.335. p=.020), sleeping time (t=2.340. p=.020) and desirability of pregnancy (t=2.409. p=.018).

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2016

Astrocytes play a critical role in normal brain functions and maintaining the brain microenvironment, and defects in astrocytogenesis during neurodevelopment could give rise to severe mental illness and psychiatric disorders. During neuro-embryogenesis, astrocytogenesis involves astrocytic differentiation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) induced by signals from ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) or pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP). However, in contrast to the CNTF signaling pathway, the exact mechanism underlying astrocytic differentiation induced by PACAP is unknown. In the present study, we aimed to verify a signaling pathway specific to PACAP-induced astrocytogenesis, using exchange protein directly activated by cAMP2 (Epac2)-knockout mice. We found that PACAP could trigger astrocytic differentiation of NPCs via Epac2 activation and an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration via a calcium ion influx. Taken together, we concluded that astrocytogenesis stimulated by PACAP occurs through a novel signaling pathway independent from CNTF-JAK/STAT signaling, that is the well-known pathway of astrocytogenesis.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.378-385
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• 2002

Oxidant radicals are implicated as a causal factor in the pathogenesis of neurobiological disorders and neuro-degenerative diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of edible plants against oxidative stress in bovine brain tissue. Fifty five kinds of edible plants grown in Korea were dried either by freeze-drying or hot-air drying (7$0^{\circ}C$), and evaluated for their antioxidant activity by measuring TBARS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) in brain homogenates subjected to Fe$^{+2}$_mediated lipid peroxidation with or without the addition of botanical extracts. Heat-drying decreased the antioxidant activity of most plant extracts by 10~81%, compared with freeze-drying. However, Aruncus americanus, Ligularia stenocephala, Artemisia princceps var. orientalis, Petasites japonicus and Aster scaber showed very strong antioxidant activities regardless of processing, with or without heat treatment. The $IC_{50}$/ values of the methanol extracts from these edible plants were in the range of 0.093~0.379 mg/$m\ell$, which was lower than that of ascorbic acid (0.79 mg/$m\ell$). Thermal processing of some edible plants enhanced their antioxidant activity.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.171-176
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• 2022

A dramatic rise in the number of people dying from heart disease has prompted efforts to find a way to identify it sooner using efficient approaches. A variety of variables contribute to the condition and even hereditary factors. The current estimate approaches use an automated diagnostic system that fails to attain a high level of accuracy because it includes irrelevant dataset information. This paper presents an effective neural network with convolutional layers for classifying clinical data that is highly class-imbalanced. Traditional approaches rely on massive amounts of data rather than precise predictions. Data must be picked carefully in order to achieve an earlier prediction process. It's a setback for analysis if the data obtained is just partially complete. However, feature extraction is a major challenge in classification and prediction since increased data increases the training time of traditional machine learning classifiers. The work integrates the CNN-MDRP classifier (convolutional neural network (CNN)-based efficient multimodal disease risk prediction with TANFIS (tuned adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system) for earlier accurate prediction. Perform data cleaning by transforming partial data to informative data from the dataset in this project. The recommended TANFIS tuning parameters are then improved using a Laplace Gaussian mutation-based grasshopper and moth flame optimization approach (LGM²G). The proposed approach yields a prediction accuracy of 98.40 percent when compared to current algorithms.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2024

Interacting Spherical tank has maximum storage capacity is broadly utilized in industries because of its high storage capacity. This two tank level system has the nonlinear characteristics due to its varying surface area of cross section of tank. The challenging tasks in industries is to manage the flow rate of liquid. This proposed work plays a major role in controlling the liquid level in avoidance of time delay and error. Several researchers studied and investigated about reducing the nonlinearity problem and their approaches do not provide better result. Different types of controllers with various techniques are implemented by the proposed system. Intelligent Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) based Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) with Fractional order PID controller is a novel technique which is developed for a liquid level control in a interacting spherical tank system to avoid the external disturbances perform better result in terms of rise time, settling time and overshoot reduction. The performance of the proposed system is obtained by analyzing the simulation result obtained from the controller. The simulation results are obtained with the help of FOMCON toolbox with MATLAB 2018. Finally, the performance of the conventional controller (FOPID, PID-SMC) and proposed ANFIS based SMC-FOPID controllers are compared and analyzed the performance indices.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.431-436
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• 2008

The impact of storage on the neuroprotective effects against $A\beta$-induced cell death and physicochemical characteristics of milk fortified with BF-7 were investigated. The BF-7 milk exerted protection of neuronal cells SK-N-SH from amyloid beta ($A\beta$)-induced neuronal stress. Our results showed that incubation of the cell with pretreated BF-7 milk, significantly attenuated apoptotic stress by $A\beta$, considered in cell morphology and nucleus shape. The general compositions were maintained consistently in BF-7 fortified milk (BF-7 milk). The BF-7 did not make any disturbance on pH and titratable acidity. The color change was not detected, either. Also, any microorganism had not been detected with more than 7 days storage at $4^{\circ}C$. In sensory evaluation study. the average scores of each sensory attribute were quite similar with plain milk. In conclusion, our results strongly indicate that BF-7 characteristics are quite adequate to be included in milk and BF-7 milk is still working well on neuro-protection, result in enforcing our brain and delaying neurodegeneration.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.685-690
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• 2005

We recently reported that the ginseng saponin metabolite, compound K (20-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyra-nosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol, IH901), inhibits the growth of U937 cells through caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway. In this study, we further characterized the effects of compound K on U937 cells and found that, in addition to apoptosis, compound K induced the arrest of the G1 phase. The compound K treated U937 cells showed increased p21 expression; an inhibitory protein of cyclincdk complex. The up-regulation of p21 was followed by the inactivation of cyclin D and the cdk4 protein, which act at the early $G_1$ phase, and cyclin E, which acts at the late $G_1$ phase. Furthermore, compound K induced the activation of JNK and the transcription factor AP-1, which is a downstream target of JNK. These findings suggest that the up-regulation of p21 and activation of JNK in the compound K treated cells contribute to the arrest of the $G_1$ phase.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.414-418
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX), which are volatile aromatic hydrocarbons and main constituents of gasoline, are neuro-carcinogenic organic pollutants in soil and groundwater. Korea Ministry of Environment has established the maximum permissible level of BTEX in arable soil to 1, 20, 50 and 15 mg/kg, respectively. METHODS AND RESULTS: To understand an arable soil contamination by BTEX, we collected 92 samples from the arable lands around oil reservoir, and analyzed the BTEX residue using a GC-MS with head-space sampler. A linear correlation between BTEX concentration and peak areas was detected with coefficient correlations in the range of 0.9807-0.9995. The method LOQ of BTEX was 0.002, 0.014, 0.084, and 0.038 mg/kg, respectively. Recoveries of 0.5 mg/kg BTEX were found to be 73.7-96.9%. The precision was reliable since RSD percentage (0.7-7.5%) was below 30, which was the normal percent value. Also, BTEX in all samples were detected under the LOQ. CONCLUSION: These results showed that the investigated arable soils around airport and oil reservoir in Korea were not contaminated by oils.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 2012

Background: We have developed an intradiscal pulsed radiofrequency (Disc PRF) technique, using Diskit $II^{(R)}$ needles (NeuroTherm, Wilmington, MA, USA), as a minimally invasive treatment option for chronic discogenic low back pain (LBP). The purpose of this study was to compare the representative outcomes of Disc PRF and Intradiscal Electrothermal Therapy (IDET) in terms of pain relief and reduction of disability. Methods: Thirty-one patients with chronic discogenic LBP who underwent either Disc PRF (n = 15) or IDET (n = 16) were enrolled in the study. A Diskit $II^{(R)}$ needle (15-cm length, 20-gauge needle with a 20-mm active tip) was placed centrally in the disc. PRF was applied for 15 min at a setting of $5{\times}50$ ms/s and 60 V. The pain intensity score on a 0-10 numeric rating scale (NRS) and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) were assessed pretreatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatment. Results: The mean NRS was significantly improved from $7.2{\pm}0.6$ pretreatment to$2.5{\pm}0.9$ in the Disc PRF group, and from $7.5{\pm}1.0$ to $1.7{\pm}1.5$ in the IDET group, at the 6-month follow-up. The mean RMDQ also showed significant improvement in both the Disc PRF group and the IDET group at the 6-month follow-up. There were no significant differences in the pretreatment NRS and RMDQ scores between the groups. Conclusions: Disc PRF appears to be an alternative to IDET as a safe, minimally invasive treatment option for patients with chronic discogenic LBP.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.275-283
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• 2009

Objective : We retrospectively analyzed survival, local control rate, and incidence of radiation toxicities after radiosurgery for recurrent metastatic brain lesions whose initial metastases were treated with whole-brain radiotherapy. Various radiotherapeutical indices were examined to suggest predictors of radiation-related neurological dysfunction. Methods : In 46 patients, total 100 of recurrent metastases (mean 2.2, ranged 1-10) were treated by CyberKnife radiosurgery at average dose of 23.1 Gy in 1 to 3 fractions. The median prior radiation dose was 32.7 Gy, the median time since radiation was 5.0 months, and the mean tumor volume was $12.4cm^3$. Side effects were expressed in terms of radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) neurotoxicity criteria. Results : Mass reduction was observed in 30 patients (65%) on MRI. After the salvage treatment, one-year progression-free survival rate was 57% and median survival was 10 months. Age(<60 years) and tumor volume affected survival rate(p=0.03, each). Acute (${\leq}$1 month) toxicity was observed in 22% of patients, subacute and chronic (>6 months) toxicity occurred in 21 %, respectively. Less acute toxicity was observed with small tumors (<$10cm^3$. p=0.03), and less chronic toxicity occurred at lower cumulative doses (<100 Gy, p=0.004). "Radiation toxicity factor" (cumulative dose times tumor volume of <1,000 Gy${\times}cm^3$) was a significant predictor of both acute and chronic CNS toxicities. Conclusion: Salvage CyberKnife radiosurgery is effective for recurrent brain metastases in previously irradiated patients, but careful evaluation is advised in patients with large tumors and high cumulative radiation doses to avoid toxicity.