• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.88-92
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• 2023

Lithium-ion batteries are actively used in various industrial sites such as field robots, drones, and electric vehicles due to their high energy efficiency, light weight, long life span, and low self-discharge rate. When using a lithium-ion battery in a field, it is important to accurately estimate the SoC (State of Charge) of batteries to prevent damage. In recent years, SoC estimation using data-based artificial neural networks has been in the spotlight, but it has been difficult to deploy in the embedded board environment at the actual site because the computation is heavy and complex. To solve this problem, neural network lightening technologies such as network pruning have recently attracted attention. When pruning a neural network, the performance varies depending on which layer and how much pruning is performed. In this paper, we introduce an optimized pruning technique by improving the existing pruning method, and perform a comparative experiment to analyze the results.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2022

This paper introduces model compression algorithms which make a deep neural network smaller and faster for embedded systems. The model compression algorithms can be largely categorized into pruning, quantization and knowledge distillation. In this study, gradual pruning, quantization aware training, and knowledge distillation which learns the activation boundary in the hidden layer of the teacher neural network are integrated. As a large deep neural network is compressed and accelerated by these algorithms, embedded computing boards can run the deep neural network much faster with less memory usage while preserving the reasonable accuracy. To evaluate the performance of the compressed neural networks, we evaluate the size, latency and accuracy of the deep neural network, DenseNet201, for image classification with CIFAR-10 dataset on the NVIDIA Jetson Xavier.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 학술발표 논문집
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• pp.247-250
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• 2001

In this paper, we propose an growing and pruning algorithm to design the adaptive structure of modular wavelet neural network(MWNN) with F-projection and geometric growing criterion. Geometric growing criterion consists of estimated error criterion considering local error and angle criterion which attempts to assign wavelet function that is nearly orthogonal to all other existing wavelet functions. These criteria provide a methodology that a network designer can constructs wavelet neural network according to one's intention. The proposed growing algorithm grows the module and the size of modules. Also, the pruning algorithm eliminates unnecessary node of module or module from constructed MWNN to overcome the problem due to localized characteristic of wavelet neural network which is used to modules of MWNN. We apply the proposed constructing algorithm of the adaptive structure of MWNN to approximation problems of 1-D function and 2-D function, and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.429-431
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• 2003

The induced learning retardation method involves the temporary inhibition of the artificial neural network’s active units from participating in the error reduction process during training. This stimulates the less active units to contribute significantly to reduce the network error. However, some less active units are not sensitive to stimulation making them almost useless. The network can then be pruned by removing the less active units to make it smaller and more efficient. This study focuses on making the network more efficient and accurate by developing the induced learning retardation and pruning sequence training method. The developed procedure results to faster learning and more accurate artificial neural network for satellite image classification.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2021

최근 CNN(Convolutional Neural Network)이 다양한 컴퓨터 비전 분야에서 우수한 성능으로 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 CNN은 계산 집약적이고 많은 메모리가 요구되어 한정적인 하드웨어 자원을 가지는 모바일이나 IoT(Internet of Things) 기기에 적용하기 어렵다. 이런 한계를 해결하기 위해, 기존의 학습된 모델의 성능을 최대한 유지하며 네트워크의 크기를 줄이는 인공신경망 경량화 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 논문은 신경망 압축 기술 중 하나인 프루닝(Pruning)의 문턱값을 동적으로 조정하는 CNN 압축 기법을 제안한다. 프루닝될 가중치를 결정하는 문턱값을 실험적, 경험적으로 정하는 기존의 기술과 달리 정확도의 저하를 방지하는 최적의 문턱값을 동적으로 찾을 수 있으며, 경량화된 신경망을 얻는 시간을 단축할 수 있다. 제안 기법의 성능 검증을 위해 MNIST 데이터 셋을 사용하여 LeNet을 훈련시켰으며, 정확도 손실 없이 약 1.3 ~ 3배의 시간을 단축하여 경량화된 LeNet을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2020

최근 인공지능 딥러닝 분야는 컴퓨팅 자원의 높은 연산량과 가격문제로 인해 상용화에 어려움이 존재했다. 본 논문은 더블 프루닝 기법을 적용하여 심층신경망 모델들과 다수의 데이터셋에서의 성능을 평가하고자 한다. 더블 프루닝은 기본의 네트워크 간소화(Network-Slimming)과 파라미터 프루닝(Parameter-Pruning)을 결합한다. 이는 기존의 학습에 중요하지 않는 매개변수를 절감하여 학습 정확도를 저해하지 않고 속도를 향상시킬 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 다양한 데이터셋 학습 이후에 프루닝 비율을 증가시켜, 모델의 사이즈를 감소시켰다. NetScore 성능 분석 결과 MobileNet-V3가 가장 성능이 높게 나타났다. 프루닝 이후의 성능은 Cifar 10 데이터셋에서 깊이 우선 합성곱 신경망으로 구성된 MobileNet-V3이 가장 성능이 높았고, 전통적인 합성곱 신경망으로 이루어진 VGGNet, ResNet또한 높은 폭으로 성능이 증가함을 확인하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.484-484
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• 2000

The problem of determining the proper size of an neural network is recognized to be crucial, especially for its practical implications in such important issues as learning and generalization. Unfortunately, it usually is not obvious what size is best: a system that is too snail will not be able to learn the data while one that is just big enough may learn the slowly and be very sensitive to initial conditions and learning parameters. One popular technique is commonly known as pruning and consists of training a larger than necessary network and then removing unnecessary weights/nodes. In this paper, a new pruning method is developed, based on the penalty-term methods. This method makes the neural network good for the generalization and reduces the retraining time after pruning weights/nodes.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.141-144
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• 2020

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) show high performance in computer vision tasks including object detection, but a lot of weight storage and computation is required. In this paper, a pruning scheme is applied to CNNs for object detection, which can remove much amount of weights with a negligible performance degradation. Contrary to the previous ones, the pruning scheme applied in this paper considers the base accelerator architecture. With the consideration, the pruned CNNs can be efficiently performed on an ASIC or FPGA accelerator. Even with the constrained pruning, the resulting CNN shows a negligible degradation of detection performance, less-than-1% point degradation of mAP on VOD0712 test set. With the proposed scheme, CNNs can be applied to objection dtection efficiently.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2002

다층신경회로망 구조의 재구성은 회로망의 일반화 능력이나 효율성의 관점에서 중요한 문제로 연구되어왔다. 본 논문에서는 신경회로망에 학습된 은닉 지식들을 추출하여 조합함으로써 신경회로망의 구조를 재구성하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 먼저, 각 노드별로 학습된 대표적인 지역 규칙을 추출하여 각 노드의 불필요한 연결구조들을 제거한 후, 이들의 논리적인 조합을 통하여 중복 또는 상충되는 노드와 연결구조를 제거한다. 이렇게 학습된 지식을 분석하여 노드와 연결구조를 재구성한 신경회로망은 처음의 신경회로망에 비하여 월등히 감소된 구조 복잡도를 가지며 일반적으로 더 우수한 일반화 능력을 가지게 됨을 실험결과로서 제시하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.179-193
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• 2023

This study explores an alternative to the existing centralized process for data anomaly detection in modern Internet of Things (IoT)-based structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. An edge intelligence framework is proposed for the early detection and classification of various data anomalies facilitating quality enhancement of acquired data before transmitting to a central system. State-of-the-art deep neural network pruning techniques are investigated and compared aiming to significantly reduce the network size so that it can run efficiently on resource-constrained edge devices such as wireless smart sensors. Further, depthwise separable convolution (DSC) is invoked, the integration of which with advanced structural pruning methods exhibited superior compression capability. Last but not least, quantization-aware training (QAT) is adopted for faster processing and lower memory and power consumption. The proposed edge intelligence framework will eventually lead to reduced network overload and latency. This will enable intelligent self-adaptation strategies to be employed to timely deal with a faulty sensor, minimizing the wasteful use of power, memory, and other resources in wireless smart sensors, increasing efficiency, and reducing maintenance costs for modern smart SHM systems. This study presents a theoretical foundation for the proposed framework, the validation of which through actual field trials is a scope for future work.