• Journal of architectural history
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.7-19
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• 2016

Shenyang was one of the representative transportation hub of Northeast China during the modern period. The formation and development of the railway network gave great influence on Shenyang's city development. In order to understand the relationship between railway and city development, first, we classified Shenyang's city development period by the railway network's formation and expansion process. Then, we analyzed the relationship between railway and city space by five categories. The results of this study are as follows. First, before railway was constructed, Shenyang was a castle city, which also was the economic center of Northeast China. This was the main reason Shenyang was chosen as a railway zone. During the modern period, the castle structure became an obstacle to city transportation and environment, therefore, it was disposed. During the period of railways' expansion, South Manchuria, Jingfeng and Shenhai railway line was constructed in Shenyang. Since each line had different operation organizations, city sites along the railways were planned separately. However, these operation organizations had one common purpose, which was to use railway as an accelerator for economic development. During the period of railway's military usage, railway was reorganized as military supply transport for the Japanese, which also was used as a tool for the expansion of colonialism. Second, after Shenyang's city space was reconstructed along the railway, it created a close connection with city structure, city facilities, landscape and city transportation system. Hence, the railway system played a key role in modern city planning.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.541-553
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• 2019

Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in concrete can induce degradation in its mechanical properties, leading to compromised serviceability and even loss in load capacity of concrete structures. Compared to other properties, ASR often affects the modulus of elasticity more significantly. Several empirical models have thus been established to estimate elastic modulus reduction based on the ASR expansion only for condition assessment and capacity evaluation of the distressed structures. However, it has been observed from experimental studies in the literature that for any given level of ASR expansion, there are significant variations on the measured modulus of elasticity. In fact, many other factors, such as cement content, reactive aggregate type, exposure condition, additional alkali and concrete strength, have been commonly known in contribution to changes of concrete elastic modulus due to ASR. In this study, an artificial intelligent model using artificial neural network (ANN) is proposed for the first time to provide an innovative approach for evaluation of the elastic modulus of ASR-affected concrete, which is able to take into account contribution of several influence factors. By intelligently fusing multiple information, the proposed ANN model can provide an accurate estimation of the modulus of elasticity, which shows a significant improvement from empirical based models used in current practice. The results also indicate that expansion due to ASR is not the only factor contributing to the stiffness change, and various factors have to be included during the evaluation.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.183-187
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• 2020

The general Wi-Fi network connection structure is that a number of IoT (Internet of Things) sensor nodes are directly connected to one AP (Access Point) node. In this structure, the range of the network that can be established within the specified specifications such as the range of signal strength (RSSI) to which the AP node can connect and the maximum connection capacity is limited. To overcome these limitations, multiple middleware bridge technologies for dynamic scalability and load balancing were studied. However, these network expansion technologies have difficulties in terms of the rules and conditions of AP nodes installed during the initial network deployment phase In this paper, an intelligent edge computing IoT device is developed for constructing an intelligent autonomous cluster edge computing network and applying it to real-time road danger context aware and notification system through an intelligent risk situation recognition algorithm.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.760-768
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• 2014

Yet logistics base in China has a refrigerated storage facilities installed areas, the number of those is very limited and is generally insufficient. According to these especial points, a new construction cold chain logistics network design strategy is required from how to use the existing refrigerated warehouses to new issue. For example, however refrigerated storage facility is supplied, can it satisfy all demand of this area? Then does it have optimized location of this area? If future demand expansion, adding that already other refrigerated storage facilities matter? Or, add another refrigerated facilities, optimum cold chain established a network matter? So on. Above problems can be occurred. In order to solve facing many of these issues of distribution network, northeast area in China has been selected as a subject, and we designed a new cold chain distribution network.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2002

Speaker verification can be classified in two categories, text-dependent speaker verification and text-independent speaker verification. In this paper, we discuss text-dependent speaker verification. Text-dependent speaker verification system determines whether the sound characteristics of the speaker are equal to those of the specific person or not. In this paper we obtain the speaker data using a sound card in various noisy conditions, apply a new Hidden LMS (Least Mean Square) adaptive algorithm to it, and extract LPC (Linear Predictive Coding)-cepstrum coefficients as feature vectors. Finally, we use a competitive learning neural network for speaker verification. The proposed hidden LMS adaptive filter using a neural network reduces noise and enhances features in various noisy conditions. We construct a separate neural network for each speaker, which makes it unnecessary to train the whole network for a new added speaker and makes the system expansion easy. We experimentally prove that the proposed method improves the speaker verification performance.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.131-137
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• 2001

This paper discussed to the ATM traffic measurement and analysis tool for analyzing the ATM traffic properties. This tool was applied at the ATM commercial network. The analysis result is verified effectivity to improve network resource from 20％ to 50％. Thus, this tool usefully can be used to network plan for the network expansion and new network building. Also, it can be used to the demand estimation of the ATM network traffic.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.1758-1761
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• 1997

The problem of long range capacity expansion planing for chemical processing network under uncertain demand forecast secnarios is addressed. This optimization problem involves capactiy expansion timing and sizing of each chemical processing unit to maximize the expected net present value considering the deviation of net present values and the excess capacity over a given time horizon. A multiperiod mixed integer nonlinear programming optimization model that is both solution and modle robust for any realization of demand scenarios is developed using the two-stage stochastic programming algorithm. Two example problems are considered to illustrate the effectiveness of the model.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.359-366
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• 2010

In this study, we developed a global ionosphere model based on measurements from a worldwide network of global positioning system (GPS). The total number of the international GPS reference stations for development of ionospheric model is about 100 and the spherical harmonic expansion approach as a mathematical method was used. In order to produce the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) based on grid form, we defined spatial resolution of 2.0 degree and 5.0 degree in latitude and longitude, respectively. Two-dimensional TEC maps were constructed within the interval of one hour, and have a high temporal resolution compared to global ionosphere maps which are produced by several analysis centers. As a result, we could detect the sudden increase of TEC by processing GPS observables on 29 October, 2003 when the massive solar flare took place.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.46-49
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• 2003

This paper proposes a method to solve expansion problem for a transmission network, given future generation and load strategy, and alternative types of lines available, subject to load, reliability and right of way constraints, the problem is formulated as a series of zero one integer programs which are solved by an efficient branch and bound algorithm A study test result on the 63-buses test system shows that the proposed method is practical and efficiently applicable to the transmission expansion planning.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1984

This paper describes the minimum cost expansion planning which is based on the economical aspect under the various conditions on the power system expansion planning. It presents not only linear cost characteristics analysis but also stepwise cost characteristics analysis which satisfies practical condition in the power system. The latter analysis must be handled by integer programming (IP), because the relation between the cost and the capacity has stepwise characteristics. In order to proceed the latter analysis, the solving procedure is illustrated in detais by using branch and bound method which includes the network flow theory and maximum flow-minimum cut theorem.